Adapt-Mat 2010 Manual

STRUCTURAL CONCRETE SOFTWARE
ADAPT-MAT 2010
USER MANUAL
Copyright 2011
support@adaptsoft.com www.adaptsoft.com ADAPT Corporation, Redwood City, California, 94061, USA, Tel: +1 (650) 306-2400 Fax +1 (650) 306-2401 ADAPT International Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India Tel: +91-33-302 86580 Fax: +91-33-224 67281
LIST OF CONTENTS
Content
LIST OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 1 BASIC FEATURES .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 2.2 2.3 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 7 GEOMETRY ........................................................................................................... 7 SUPPORT CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 11 2.3.1 Soil Support Area....................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Compression Only Soil .............................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Soil / Rock Anchors ................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Grade Beam Support .................................................................................. 12 2.3.5 Line Springs ............................................................................................... 13 2.3.6 Point Springs .............................................................................................. 14 2.3.7 Point Supports ............................................................................................ 14 2.3.8 Line Supports ............................................................................................. 14 2.3.9 Piles............................................................................................................ 14 2.3.10 Voids in Soil .............................................................................................. 15 2.4 2.5 MATERIAL PROPERTIES................................................................................... 15 LOADS .................................................................................................................. 15 2.5.1 Load Cases ................................................................................................. 15 2.5.2 Load Combinations .................................................................................... 15 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 BASE REINFORCEMENT ................................................................................... 16 POST-TENSIONING ............................................................................................ 16 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 16 DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 18
2.10 GENERATION OF DRAWINGS ......................................................................... 18 2.11 LINK WITH 3RD PARTY PROGRAMS AND ADAPT DATA EXCHANGE... 19
QUICK START ............................................................................................... 21

3.1 3.2 3.3 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 23 OPENING THE PROGRAM................................................................................. 23 QUICK START STEP-BY-STEP....................................................................... 24 3.3.1 Create a Grid .............................................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Building the Model .................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Viewing the Model .................................................................................... 26 3.3.4 Defining the Soil Support .......................................................................... 28 3.3.5 Application of Loads.................................................................................. 29 3.3.6 Mesh and Analyze ..................................................................................... 31 3.3.7 Viewing Analysis Results .......................................................................... 32
USER INTERFACE ....................................................................................... 35 i
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4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
LIST OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF ADAPT-BUILDER PLATFORM ............................................. 37 ADAPT-BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN ................................................................ 37 ADAPT-MODELER MAIN SCREEN .................................................................. 39 MOUSE FUNCTION AND OPERATION ........................................................... 40 TOOLS SPECIFIC TO ADAPT-MAT .................................................................. 40 GENERAL TOOLBARS ....................................................................................... 41 4.6.1 Transform to Structural Components Toolbar ........................................... 41 4.6.2 Selection Toolbar ....................................................................................... 43 4.6.3 Camera and Viewports Toolbar ................................................................. 46 4.6.4 Settings Toolbar ......................................................................................... 47 4.6.5 Snap Toolbar.............................................................................................. 48 4.6.6 Model/Design Strips Toolbar..................................................................... 49 4.6.7 Modeling Toolbar ...................................................................................... 50 4.6.8 Support Line/Results Scale Toolbar .......................................................... 52 4.6.9 Reinforcement Toolbar .............................................................................. 53 4.6.10 Cursor Function and Operation.................................................................. 53
MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS ...................................................... 55

5.1 5.2 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 57 DESIGN PROCEDURE ........................................................................................ 57 5.2.1 Create the Structural Model ....................................................................... 57 5.2.2 Define Soil Support Conditions ................................................................. 58 5.2.3 Validate the Structural Model .................................................................... 58 5.2.4 Complete and Finalize Input Data ............................................................. 58 5.2.5 Perform Analysis ....................................................................................... 59 5.2.6 Prepare to Design ....................................................................................... 59 5.2.7 Validate the Code Compliance of the Design ............................................ 59 5.2.8 Generate Structural Drawings .................................................................... 60 5.2.9 Generate Structural Calculation Reports ................................................... 60
TUTORIAL..................................................................................................... 63
6.1 6.2 6.3 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 65 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 65 DESIGN SCOPE AND CRITERIA ...................................................................... 66 6.3.1 Structural Layout ....................................................................................... 66 6.3.2 Material Properties..................................................................................... 67 6.3.3 Applicable Codes ....................................................................................... 67 6.3.4 Structural Documents ................................................................................ 68 6.3.5 Design Loads ............................................................................................. 68 6.3.6 Load Combinations and Stresses ............................................................... 68 6.3.6.1 Strength Load Combinations....................................................... 68 6.3.6.2 Serviceability Load Combinations .............................................. 69 6.3.6.3 Initial Load Combinations........................................................... 69
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6.3.7 Deflections ................................................................................................. 69 6.3.8 Cover.......................................................................................................... 70 6.3.9 Soil Properties ............................................................................................ 70 6.3.9.1 Equivalent Spring Constant ......................................................... 71 6.3.9.2 Soil Pressure ................................................................................ 71 6.3.9.3 Displacement at Interface of Soil Layers .................................... 71 6.3.9.4 Numerical Example ..................................................................... 71 6.4 GENERATION OF 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL THROUGH DWG IMPORT . 73 6.4.1 First Drawing Import ................................................................................. 73 6.4.2 Transformation of Structural Components................................................. 75 6.5 MATERIAL, SOIL SUPPORT, CRITERIA AND LOADINGS........................... 77 6.5.1 Set and Assign Material Properties ............................................................ 78 6.5.1.1 Set and Assign Multiple Concrete Materials ............................... 78 6.5.1.2 Set and Assign Mild Steel Material (Rebar)................................ 80 6.5.2 Assign Soil Support ................................................................................... 80 6.5.3 Set Criteria ................................................................................................. 82 6.5.4 Input and Assign Loadings ........................................................................ 82 6.5.4.1 Patch Load Generation ................................................................ 83 6.5.4.2 Line Load Generation.................................................................. 83 6.5.4.3 Point Load Generation ................................................................ 84 6.5.4.4 Load Combinations ..................................................................... 84 6.6 FINITE ELEMENT MESHING, ANALYSIS AND VIEW RESULTS ............... 86 6.6.1 Finite Element Meshing ............................................................................. 87 6.6.2 Analyze Structure ...................................................................................... 87 6.6.3 View Results .............................................................................................. 88 6.6.3.1 View Deflection .......................................................................... 89 6.6.3.2 Review of Soil Pressure .............................................................. 89 6.6.3.3 Generate Line Contour ................................................................ 91 6.7 GENERATION OF SUPPORT LINES AND USE OF SPLITTERS .................... 94 6.7.1 Generation of Support Lines ...................................................................... 94 6.7.2 Use of Splitters........................................................................................... 96 6.8 PRODUCE AND REVIEW DESIGN RESULTS ................................................. 98 6.8.1 Review Analysis/ Design Options ............................................................. 98 6.8.2 Generate Design Sections .......................................................................... 99 6.8.3 Review Design Strips (Column and Middle Strips) ................................... 99 6.8.4 Design the Design Sections ..................................................................... 101 6.8.5 Adequacy Check for the Design Sections ................................................ 102 6.8.6 Generate Rebar Drawing.......................................................................... 105 6.8.7 Specify Base Reinforcement and Re-design ............................................ 106 6.8.8 Punching Shear Check ............................................................................. 108
ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................... 113 iii
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7.1 7.2
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OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 115 STRUCTURAL MODELING ............................................................................. 115 7.2.1 Analysis ................................................................................................... 115 7.2.2 Design ...................................................................................................... 116
7.3
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ............................................................................. 116 7.3.1 Soil Pressure ............................................................................................ 116 7.3.2 Superposition ........................................................................................... 118
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Chapter 1
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW
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OVERVIEW
Chapter 1
ADAPT-MAT is a computer program that enables you to model, analyze, design, and generate structural drawings for ground supported concrete structures that are used to transfer load to the underlain soil in a serviceable and safe manner. The program can handle practically all possible foundation configurations and loads, using a state-of-theart 3D modeling and Finite Element Technology, and designing in accordance with the US and major international building codes. Following a short glance at some of the features of the program that are described below, it is recommended that you go through the section on Quick Start to familiarize yourself with the operation of the program. Next, follow the tutorial, before you start your design project. Since this program forms a part of the ADAPT-Builder suite, the general graphical interface and modeling techniques are described in the ADAPT-Modeler and ADAPTFloor Pro User Manuals. This User Manual forms part of the ADAPT-MAT software package. It is recommended that you keep the manual handy and refer to it when needed. If you are already familiar with ADAPT-Floor Pro, you may skip the section on Quick Start, and Modeling and Design Process, since the two programs use essentially the same interface, modeling and design process.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW
BASIC FEATURES
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES
Chapter 2
BASIC FEATURES
BASIC FEATURES
Chapter 2
2.1
OVERVIEW This chapter explains the basic features of the program.
2.2
GEOMETRY A foundation mat or raft as it is also referred to, can be faithfully modeled as it is intended for construction. The following describes the structural components that can be modeled and handled by the program as part of a foundation system; Slab regions: a foundation mat can consist of one or more slab regions, each with its own shape on plan, and its own thickness. The slab regions can have different elevations, creating steps either at the top or bottom of the foundation system.
FIGURE 2.2-1 VIEW OF A MAT FOUNDATION CONSISTING OF MORE THAN ONE SLAB REGION WITH STEPS BOTH AT TOP AND BOTTOM
Grade beams: Grade beams can be in any number, any dimension and orientation. Grade beams can be standalone or be part of a foundation slab. If they are part of the foundations slab, their structural interaction with the slab in resisting the applied loads is automatically accounted for in the analysis and design steps of the software. Further, the program recognizes the elevation of the grade beams with respect to the foundation slab in both its analysis and design stages.
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FIGURE 2.2-2 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SLAB WITH INTEGRATED GRADE BEAMS
FIGURE 2.2-3 PLAN OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM WITH ISOLATED FOOTINGS AND GRADE BEAMS
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Chapter 2
FIGURE 2.2-4 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM WITH ISOLATED FOOTINGS, GRADE BEAMS AND FOOTINGS BELOW WALLS
Pile caps: Pile caps can be modeled either in isolation, or as part of a foundation mat. When integrated with the foundation mat, their interaction with the mat in resisting the applied load will be automatically accounted for by the program. Thickening below slab: Thickenings below a mat slab to resist punching shear below columns can be readily modeled with a columndrop/panel tool. The program accounts for the local stiffening of the foundation slab due to added thickness, as well as the resistance it provides for punching shear. Openings: Openings of regular or irregular geometry can be defined in any number and at any location. Elevator pits: Significant depressions in foundations slab with perimeter walls, typical of elevator pits can be modeled in the program and analyzed.
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BASIC FEATURES
(a) Elevator shaft model
(b) Pads below columns
FIGURE 2.2-5 ELEVATOR SHAFTS AND PADS BELOW COLUMNS AND WALLS, AND ELEVATOR PITS CAN BE MODELED WITH CORRECT GEOMETRY AND ELEVATION
Walls and columns above foundation mats: One story height of walls and columns can be modeled above a foundation system. The program accounts for the stiffness of these structural components when analyzing the foundation. The degree of stiffness of each of these structural components depends on the fixity defined by you at the far end of a wall or a column. The default setting of the program is freedom to displace and rotate at the far ends of the walls and columns above a foundation. The height of a wall or column above a foundation is taken to be the story height defined by you, but you have the option to modify the height of each wall. Upturned beams: Beams can be modeled to be entirely above a foundation slab, or partially above and partially below the slab.
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FIGURE 2.2-6 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM INCLUDING THE MODELING OF WALLS AND COLUMNS
2.3
SUPPORT CONDITIONS A foundation system can be supported partially or wholly, on a variety of support conditions as described below: 2.3.1 Soil Support Area Foundations can be modeled to rest on more than one type of soil. Each soil type will be specified with its own property and the support area it covers. A supporting soil region can be extended beyond the boundary of a mat and below the openings. The program will consider only the resistance of soil that is immediately below the structural members of the foundation. Soil regions modeled extending beyond the boundary of a mats structural members and within the openings will not be considered to provide support. Not all the regions of a foundation system need be supported on soil. You may define parts of the foundation to overhang or span unsupported lengths. The soil is represented by Winkler springs, for which you define the associated bulk modulus as part of your input data. The unit for the soils bulk modulus is lb/in3. This value typically varies between 100 to 400 pci (between 0.03 to 0.12 N/mm3). In the absence of detailed information 200 psi (0.06 N/mm3) is a reasonable starting point. 11
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2.3.2
Compression Only Soil You have the option to limit the transfer of force between a foundation member and its underlain soil as compression only. This results in separation between the underlain soil and the foundation member, where tension is likely to occur hence no load transfer. Also, you can specify the soil to resist both tension and compression. The soil region you define provides only up and down support. For a support with capability of resisting forces in the horizontal direction and moments, you will use other options of support, as detailed below.
2.3.3
Soil / Rock Anchors Soil and Rock anchors are designed to resist tensile forces only. They are used where there is potential of uplift, such as overturning due to high winds, seismic forces, or uplift from raised water table. Under normal conditions, support is provided by soil, but when the load on a foundation results in uplift, the soil/rock anchors will be mobilized to resist the uplift. The tensile force developed in a soil/rock anchor depends on the user defined stiffness. In principle, soil anchors are tension only point supports with specified stiffness values. You will use point springs to model soil anchors. The default setting of the program is that the soil anchors take only tension in the vertical direction. You define their property in terms of (pounds per inch of extension, kN/mm extension, or tons/cm of extension). The program provides you the option to specify stiffness for displacements other than vertical direction.
2.3.4
Grade Beam Support Grade beams that are integrated with a mat slab do not need additional support definition. The soil region that supports the mat will also support the grade beam. But for grade beams that are isolated (Fig. 2.3-1) you need to specify a line support along the beams. The stiffness of the support is defined in terms of displacement of the soil support per unit force placed on unit length of the grade beam [lb/in2; kN/mm2; t/m2). Obviously, the wider the grade beam, the stronger will be the resistance of the supporting soil, since the larger contact area mobilizes a larger volume of soil beneath the beam.
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FIGURE 2.3-1 STANDALONE AND INTEGRATED GRADE BEAMS
For example if the bulk modulus of the soil is 200 lb/in3, (0.06 N/mm3 units) and the width of the grade beam is 24 inch (600 mm), the resistance of the soil per unit length of the beam to be specified is : 200x24 = 4,800 lb/in2 length of grade beam (0.06x600 = 36 N/mm2 length). In the general case, you will use line spring tool with compression stiffness in the vertical direction to model grade beam supports. 2.3.5 Line Springs Line springs provide you with a more general support condition than the simple support of a member on soil. The support provided by a line spring can be resistance along one or more of the three principal directions, with or without associated rotational stiffness. The stiffness provided along the
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length of a line spring is constant. Changes of stiffness along a line are defined by several lines springs, each with its own stiffness. 2.3.6 Point Springs These can provide translational or rotational restraints at one or more directions, at one or more locations of your choice on the foundation system. You identify the location of a point spring and specify its stiffness along and about the three principal directions as part of your input data. 2.3.7 Point Supports You can define a point support anywhere at a foundation system and specify the type of fixity the selected location provides at the selected location. The fixity can be translation along one or more of the principal axes, and/or rotation about each. In addition to location on plan, you define the location of the point support in the vertical direction. 2.3.8 Line Supports A line support is a more general form of a support condition in which the underlain soil can generally provide for a grade beam. You start by defining the location and length of a line support. Then you specify the type of support that you want the line to provide. This is carried out by assigning restraints to the line support you have defined. The restraints can be translation along one or more principal direction(s), and/or rotation about one or more of the principal direction(s). The vertical location of the line support can be below, above or any other height with respect of the mat foundation. 2.3.9 Piles Piles are used where the soil is considered inadequate in providing the support needed for the superstructure. A pile-supported mat behaves essentially the same as a column supported slab, since the mat and its load are supported at discrete pile locations similar to a suspended slab supported on columns. There is no design contribution of the soil below the mat in providing resistance and is disregarded. Pile-supported mats can be best modeled and designed using ADAPT-Floor Pro. When using ADAPT-MAT each pile has to be modeled as a point spring having the same stiffness properties as the pile it represents.
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2.3.10 Voids in Soil Where there is no soil support below part of a foundation, such as a foundation overhang of a light building along its perimeter due to loss of moisture in soil, you do not define a soil support. Transfer of force between a foundation and soil can take place only at the locations where you define soil.
2.4
MATERIAL PROPERTIES Each of the structural components specified, such as slab regions, grade beams, and reinforcement have can be specified with its own material property. Structural components of the same type, such as two columns can each have their own different material properties. You define the properties of the materials to be used in your model in the Materials pull-down menu and assign them to the structural components you create.
2.5
LOADS The complete library and options for definition of loads located in ADAPTModeler applies to ADAPT-Floor Pro and ADAPT-MAT. Among many options, you can define point loads, line loads and patch loads (distributed load over a defined area) anywhere on the foundation slab. The loads you define can consist of concentrated forces along each of the principal directions and moments applied about each of the principal directions. 2.5.1 Load Cases Each load you define is assigned to a load case. This will enable you to group the loads that are associated with a common source. There is essentially no limitation on the number of loads that you may define, nor is there a limitation on the number of load cases. The program comes with default load cases of DEAD, LIVE, and PRESTRESSING (when ADAPT-MAT (PT) is used) along with several other pre-defined cases. The mat self-weight is automatically accounted for and by default, is included in load combinations for analysis. 2.5.2 Load Combinations Depending on the building code you select, the program will automatically generate the primary load combinations of the code. The user has the
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option to edit the default combinations and/or define additional load combinations. There is practically no limit on the number of load combinations you can define. In addition to reporting the outcome of each load combination, the program has the ability to determine and report the envelope of the analysis results of the load combinations you define.
2.6
BASE REINFORCEMENT ADAPT-MAT allows the user to pre-define layers of reinforcement at any depth in the slab. The reinforcement is referenced from the top or bottom of the slab and the user is prompted to enter the cover from the top or bottom reference plane. This is known as base reinforcement in the program. The reinforcement can be in one or two orthogonal directions that you define. The program considers base reinforcement in the analysis and design and reports the necessary reinforcement in addition to pre-defined base reinforcement. The base reinforcement you define, can be expressed in terms of (i) bars at given spacing (regular mesh), or (ii) reinforcement areas per unit width of the slab, (iii) or isolated single or spaced bars with given length, size and location, (iv) or a combination of one or more of the above types. Different regions of the mat can be assigned different reinforcement. In other words, you can define different mesh reinforcement specifications for different regions in the mat.
2.7
POST-TENSIONING ADAPT-MAT features the entire capability of prestressing options that is available in ADAPT-Floor Pro. This includes full flexibility in defining tendon layout, post-tensioning type (un-bonded or bonded), and stressing operations. The ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual, Chapter 5 contains a detailed description of tendon modeling in the ADAPT-Builder platform.
2.8
ANALYSIS Unlike the standard conditions of suspended slabs, the analysis of a mat foundation can be an iterative process. Where there is likelihood of separation of soil from the foundation mat, an iterative solution is required, in order to determine the location and extent of soil/foundation separation. The analysis process is initiated by assuming full contact of a mat with underlain soil. During each iteration, the program eliminates the regions of the soil/mat contact where uplift occurs, until full equilibrium of the entire structural system
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Chapter 2
through transfer of compressive force between the mat and its underlain soil is achieved. During each iteration, the program re-generates the stiffness matrix of the structure, and obtains a solution. For this reason, and the fact that in such conditions superposition of load cases does not apply, the analysis of mat foundations with potential of uplift takes longer to achieve. To reiterate, difference between the analysis of a mat foundation and an elevated slab is that, where uplift occurs, the principle of superposition of solutions does not apply, since each solution with uplift relates to a different structural boundary condition of the structure. Like ADAPT-Floor Pro, the outcome of the analysis is in the form of displacements, forces and moments. When post-tensioning is present in a model, the program will report stresses at the top and bottom fibers of the mat. ADAPTMAT (both RC and PT versions) generate and report the distribution of soil pressure below the mat and grade beams.
FIGURE 2.8-1 EXAMPLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE BELOW A MAT WITH FULL SOIL/MAT INTERFACE CONTACT
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(a) deflected shape
(b) soil pressure
FIGURE 2.8-2 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE
The example above shows, (a) the displacement of a foundation mat under a central concentrated load and overturning moments on the walls, and (b) the uplift (soil/foundation separation) at the tip of the walls due to the distribution of soil pressure.
2.9
DESIGN ADAPT-MAT carries out a design of the mat slab by performing code checks prescriptive of the selected building code. Where required, the program determines and reports reinforcement from the library of bar reinforcement as defined by the user or bar sizes of your choice. The program checks both service (SLS) and strength (ULS) requirements of the selected building code. The reinforcement report of the program includes the quantity, position and length of each bar in plan, ready to be used in a structural drawing. Where post-tensioning is present, the program provides a detailed stress check as required prescriptive of the selected building code. The stress checks can be reported both graphically and in tabular format.
2.10
GENERATION OF DRAWINGS The reinforcement plan generated automatically by the program can be readily exported to either a DXF or DWG file format that can be used to combine with the remainder of your work in a construction drawing.
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2.11
LINK WITH 3RD PARTY PROGRAMS AND ADAPT DATA EXCHANGE If the foundation slab you design forms part of a multi-story building for which you have developed an independent model in a commercially available program, and you have the results of the loads from the superstructure, there are several ways to facilitate the transfer of this information to ADAPT -MAT as applied load. The common method is to simply enter the load in the program using the loading toolbar. This is referred to commonly as the manual method of input. Loads from other software can be formatted into the programs data exchange file and be imported to ADAPT-MAT. The program can read and import loads, if the information is formatted according to ADAPTs Data Exchange File. Details of this file are given in Chapter 12 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. ADAPT-MAT has the capability of importing solutions directly from other commercially-available programs through use of the ADAPTIntegration Console (IC). Through creation of input/output files, this program creates a new ADAPT Data Exchange File that is imported to ADAPT-MAT. In its current form, ADAPT-IC will import both lateral and gravity forces per level. As is often the case with mat foundations, the entire gravity load on a structure would be considered in mat design along with lateral loads. There are current alternate methods that can be used in a third-party program which will allow the total gravity load to be imported to ADAPT-MAT. It is recommend to consult with an ADAPT Technical Support Specialist for addition information. support@adaptsoft.com
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Chapter 3
Chapter 3 QUICK START
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3.1
OVERVIEW This chapter includes a simple example as an introduction to the program. Once you have reviewed the example in this chapter, it is recommended to review Chapter 6, Tutorial for a step-by-step description of data generation and design.
3.2
OPENING THE PROGRAM Open the program to display the splash window shown below. Select Mat/raft foundations/grade beams option, if not already selected. Click OK to open the main program interface.
FIGURE 3.2-1
A thorough description of the main graphical user interface (GUI) and its menus and tools can be found in the ADAPT-Modeler & ADAPTFloor Pro User Manuals. You may refer to them, if needed. This section describes the features that are unique to the ADAPT-MAT program. Getting started, a description of commonly-used tools enabling the creation of a model are described below:
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o Create a grid providing a unique set of dimensions and guide us to create the structure o Tools to build the mat, such as its geometry and other components o Tools to view the geometry in three dimensions and facilitate verification of modeling accuracy o Tools to define the soil spring support below the mat o Tools to apply loads on the mat o Tools enabling the user to mesh and analyze the mat o Tools used to view analysis results We will introduce and invoke each of the tools listed above one after the other in form of a quick start step-by-step guide.
3.3
QUICK START STEP-BY-STEP The purpose of this example is to show a step-by-step procedure to begin using ADAPT-MAT in the modeling of a mat foundation. 3.3.1 Create a Grid In the Snap toolbar, select the icon, Grid Settings and set the X and Y grid spacing to the desired dimension (Fig. 3.3-1).
FIGURE 3.3-1 GRID SETTINGS
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3.3.2
Building the Model
toolbar to insert structural Use the Build components such as slab regions, columns, walls, beams, openings, drop caps/panels, base reinforcement or to set the vertical plane dimensions (story heights). If the model is started with an import of a .dwg or .dxf file (see Section 6.4) you can use the Transform to Structural Components toolbar, to transform closed polygons to structural components. Both toolbars can also be located from the Build menu at the top of screen.
FIGURE 3.3-2 BUILD STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS MENU ITEM
FIGURE 3.3-3 TRANSFORM DRAWING ENTITIES MENU ITEM
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Once a structural component is added, double-click on the any component to modify the default dimension(s) of the component. After changes are made to the component properties, make sure to select the green checkmark for the changes to be updated and active.
FIGURE 3.3-4 SLAB REGION PROPERTY BOX
3.3.3
Viewing the Model Once a model has been successfully built, where all necessary components are added, it is important to validate the accuracy of the model. Doing so will ensure that the model most closely represents the foundation system being analyzed. To make a cursory view of the model in two or threedimensions, use the Camera and Viewports toolbar. The tools located here allow you to view the model from different elevation and plan views. You can also elect to view the structure as an isometric view. This is useful when verifying more complex geometries and loading. The toolbar contains several selections allowing you to pan, zoom, rotate and refresh the view.
toolbar gives options to customize the The View display and what components and loads are shown in the main interface. One of the most commonly used tools is the Select/Set View Items icon. When this button is activated, a menu of items will be shown prompting the user to set those components and loads to be viewed along with the option to display component or load IDs, Dimensions (load magnitude or moments), Labels or Symbols. The symbol size and font height of text can also be modified.
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FIGURE 3.3-5 SELECT/SET VIEW ITEMS DIALOG BOX (STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS TAB)
Any feature from either toolbar among other selections can be made from View toolbar. Here you also have the option of turning off/on the view of individual structural components. To do this, select View Structural Entities and display or turn off the display of the desired component.
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FIGURE 3.3-6 VIEW STRUCTURAL ENTITIES MENU ITEM
3.3.4
Defining the Soil Support Soil supports defined as point, line or area springs can be added to the model from the FEM Supports and Spring Creation toolbar. Once the supports have been added to a model, as is the case with components, the user can double-click on the support to open the support properties. In this dialogue window, the soil stiffness can be changed from the default setting. Note also that line and point supports with assumed infinite stiffness can be included in a mat foundation model. These tools are located on the same toolbar. The definition of supports can also be generated from the Build toolbar. Select Support for point and line supports and Spring/Soil Supports for supports with finite, user-defined stiffness.
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FIGURE 3.3-7 SPRING/SOIL SUPPORT MENU ITEM
3.3.5
Application of Loads When a design code is selected from the Criteria > General> Analysis/Design options menu, the program will automatically generate multiple Strength and Service load combinations. Each combination is composed of default load cases defined as Live, Dead or PT (when posttensioning is included in a model). See Section 2.5 for additional information related to load case and load combination generation.
The Loading toolbar contains several tools used for the creation of point; line and area (patch) loads. Any type of load can be added for any defined load case. Note that the user can add as many load cases as desired in addition to those default cases created by the program. The Patch and Line Load Wizard tools allow the user to easily create loads for a selected region or slab boundary. Once a load has been generated, the magnitude or moment values associated with the load type can be changed by double-clicking on the loading symbol and changing the value in the load properties window. The group assignment and load case can also be modified using the load properties windows. To select a load to modify, it is helpful to view the model in an isometric (top-front-right) view Viewports Mini Toolbar. from the Camera and
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FIGURE 3.3-8 PATCH LOAD DIALOG WINDOW
An alternate method for adding loads to a model is by using the Loading menu. The option of modifying load cases and combinations and adding loads to a structure is given in this menu.
FIGURE 3.3-9 ADD LOAD MENU ITEM
To view loads, the Loading Toolbar contains a Display Loads button which will toggle load display in the main interface. The Select/Set View Items button contains a rooted menu allowing the user to isolate the display of both load cases and load types.
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FIGURE 3.3-10 SELECT/SET VIEW ITEMS DIALOG BOX (LOADS TAB)
3.3.6
Mesh and Analyze Once the model has been built with components, supports and loads, the model can be meshed and analyzed for a solution. To mesh the structure , and select open the FEM Process Toolbar, Automatic Mesh Generation button, . A dialogue window will appear prompting the user to select a mesh and node consolidation dimension. The default values are set to 3 ft and 1.5 ft. The recommend mesh size is typically between 3-4 times slab thickness and the recommend node consolidation dimension is between 2-3 times slab thicknesses. After meshing the structure, the model can by analyzed by selecting the Analyze Structure tool, .
The FEM menu also contains the functions required to mesh and analyze the slab.
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FIGURE 3.3-11 FEM MENU
3.3.7
Viewing Analysis Results After the general model analysis has been completed, the analysis results can be viewed graphically and in report format. For a cursory review of results after the first analysis, it is recommended to view the results graphically. From the FEM Process Toolbar, select the View Results tool, , to open the ADViewer module. ,
FIGURE 3.3-11 RESULTS DISPLAY OPTIONS IN ADVIEWER MODULE
At the left-hand edge of the ADViewer module, the user can select the Result type (e.g. Deformations, Slab Actions, Soil Pressure, etc.) along 32
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with the load combination for which the results type is to be viewed. The individual structural and analysis components and component groups can be displayed from the same menu. A thorough description of the tools located in ADViewer can be found in Chapter 9 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. These tools are equally applicable to ADAPT-MAT as well as ADAPT-Floor Pro and are universal to the ADAPT-Builder Platform. It is recommended for the user to use this document in conjunction with the ADAPT-MAT User Manual when beginning use of the program and as a ready reference.
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4.1
OVERVIEW OF ADAPT-BUILDER PLATFORM Developed from the ground up with ADAPT Building Information Modeling (BIM) Technology, the ADAPT-Builder Platform is a collection of fully integrated design and analysis tools for concrete floor systems, foundations, and beam structures, whether with or without post-tensioning. The solution's intuitive and easy-to-use 3D component modeling capabilities allow you to quickly model any structure. In addition, the Builder Platform is the industry's only solution that gives you the flexibility to analyze 3D structural models using either the Finite Element Method (FEM) or the Equivalent Frame Method (EFM). Specialized design tools for concrete beam frames, one-way or column-supported flat slabs, parking structures, mat foundations, ground-supported slabs, and built-in building codes (e.g., American, Canadian, British, European, and Australian), ADAPT's Builder allows for a streamlined workflow.
FIGURE 4.1-1 ADAPT BUILDER EXPRESS WORKFLOW
4.2
ADAPT-BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN ADAPT-Builder is a general platform which contains ADAPT-MAT for the design of mat foundations. While opening the program, the user can choose the configuration as required in the particular project. ADAPT- Builders initial screen is shown in the Figure 4.2-1. As a basic interface of the program Modeler will remain ON under Structural Modeling area.
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Then user can select the Structure Type, and choose among the following: Elevated Floor Systems; Beam Frames; Grid Frames (ADAPT-Floor Pro) Mat/Raft Foundation, Grade Beams (ADAPT-MAT) Post-Tensioned Slab-On-Ground (ADAPT-SOG)
Select ADAPT-MAT for the design and analysis of a mat foundation system. To design conventional reinforced concrete structure, select RC Only under Design Scope. To design a post-tensioned concrete structure, select RC and PT.
FIGURE 4.2-1 ADAPT BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN
The Extension modules included in ADAPT-Builder are Dynamic Rebar Design (DRD) and the Post-tensioning Fabrication (Shop) Drawing module. A detailed description of each module is given in the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. Under Import/Export loading/geometry area, program gives the choice to turn on other 3rd party general structural analysis or modeling solutions from which user can import geometry and/or loading. Finally one needs to specify the System of units. SI, US or MKS can be selected in the program. Upon clicking on OK, it will open ADAPT-MAT environment.
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4.3
ADAPT-MODELER MAIN SCREEN Figure 4.3-1 shows the full-screen display of the ADAPT-Modeler program in MAT mode, with typical features labeled for easy identification.
FIGURE 4.3-1 ADAPT MODELER MAIN SCREEN IN MAT MODE
ADAPT-Modeler operates the same way as other Windows programs. All program tools are accessed from one of the toolbars provided by the program or through the menus provided in the menu bar at the top of the screen. Toolbars may be opened, closed, docked to the edge of the screen or dragged to any position on the screen as View menu item. Tools can also be accessed by clicking the right mouse button while the cursor is in the Menu Bar or Toolbar areas of the screen. The User Information Bar displays tool-specific information and any coordinate values that may be typed by the user for specific program procedures. The Status Bar displays such information as the mouse cursor coordinates (location), current unit system, snapping status, and gridline spacing and status. A short description of each specific tool also appears in this area when the mouse cursor is placed over the corresponding tool button.
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4.4
MOUSE FUNCTION AND OPERATION The primary function of the mouse is through its left-click. Depending on the mode of the program, as outlined in the next section, the left-click will result in selecting the entity below the cursor, inserting an entity or performing an operation at the location of the cursor. The right-click of the mouse with cursor on the display portion of the screen will display the window shown in Figure 4.4-1.
FIGURE 4.4-1 RIGHT-CLICK OPTIONS OF THE MOUSE
Click on a menu item listed to perform the operation described. If you right-click the mouse while the cursor is outside the display screen, a list of all available toolbars appears. From this list, you can select the toolbars you want to display.
4.5
TOOLS SPECIFIC TO ADAPT-MAT In general, the tools contained in the ADAPT-Builder platform are universal to each unique program including ADAPT-MAT, SOG and Floor Pro. A description of the most commonly used toolbars is provided later in this section. The ADAPT-Modeler User Manual contains detailed descriptions of all toolbars and menus located in the program, general operations of the program and functions of the main menu. The understanding of these functions is inherent to ADAPT-MAT and it is intended that those features described in the ADAPTModeler User Manual are inclusive of ADAPT-MAT. It is recommended that users familiarize themselves with this document and information pertinent to the general use of the ADAPT-Builder platform. ADAPT-MAT contains some unique functions specific to soil-supported foundations and the modeling thereof. The main difference in modeling a foundation slab in ADAPT-MAT as compared to an elevated slab in ADAPTFloor Pro is the definition and application of an area soil spring, line spring or
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point spring as supports below the slab and/or grade beams. See Section 2.3 for a more detailed description of each support type available in ADAPT-MAT. All vertical components are, by default, modeled above the reference plane (or top of) the slab level. In ADAPT-MAT, the user only has the option to create offsets for components modeled above as shown in Figure 4.5-1.
FIGURE 4.5-1 VERTICAL OFFSET OPTIONS IN ADAPT-MAT
In the reporting of slab actions, ADAPT-MAT reports Soil Pressure as a slab action from FEM>View Results (ADViewer). Also note that the option to active the vibration module in ADAPT-Builder is not active when ADAPT-MAT is used. This is typically activated from Criteria>Analysis/Design Options and combinations input from FEM>Vibration.
4.6
GENERAL TOOLBARS 4.6.1 Transform to Structural Components Toolbar You will use this tool if you start with a DWG or DXF file, and plan to convert the items shown on the drawing to Structural Components for your model.
FIGURE 4.6-1 TRANSFORM TO STRUCTURAL COMPONENT TOOLBAR
Once you import a DWG or DXF drawing, your first choice is to transform the items on the imported drawing directly to structural model.
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The items shown on the imported drawing are simply lines (graphics). The process of conversion is to (1) pick an item on the drawing, such as a column, and (2) click on the associated structural component tool (Transform to Column), in order to convert it to a structural component. Transform Polygon. Only items that are in form of a closed polygon can be picked and converted directly into structural components. Not every column or opening in the imported structural drawing is drawn as a closed polygon. Transform Slab Region. This button is used to transform a polygon (closed polyline) to a slab region. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool. Transform Column. This tool is used to transform a rectangle (polygon) or circle to a column. To transform a (polygon) rectangle into a column do the following: o Select one or more rectangles that are made up of polygons. o Click on the Transform Column tool. All selected entities will be transformed into columns with the same dimensions as the rectangle or circle. Transform Wall. This button is used to transform a rectangle (closed polyline) into a wall. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool. Transform into Several Walls. When a polygon represents two or more intersecting walls, this button is used to transform it into several individual walls, each having a rectangular cross-section. In the analysis, however, the program treats the walls integrated into one along their common vertical joints. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool. Transform Drop Cap/Panel. This button is used to transform a rectangle (closed polyline) into a drop cap. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool. Transform Beam. This button is used to transform a polygon (closed polyline) into a beam. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool.
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Transform Opening. This button is used to transform a polygon (closed polyline) into an opening. The tool operates in the same manner as the Transform Column tool. 4.6.2 Selection Toolbar This toolbar contains all tools related to selecting specific elements, objects and structural components in the model. Each tool is described below.
FIGURE 4.6-2 SELECTION TOOLBAR
Hint Mode. When activated, the arrow displays the identification of the entities to which it points. In this mode you cannot select an entity by clicking on it. Window Selection. When this tool is highlighted, the Pick/Select mode is active. You can select an entity by clicking on it or a group of entities by opening a window around the items while the left mouse key is held down. Double-clicking on an entity opens its properties dialog box. Lasso Selection. This tool allows you to draw an arbitrary polygon around a series of entities. When the lasso is closed, all entities located within or along the lasso perimeter are selected. To use this tool, do the following: o Click on the Lasso Selection tool.
o Draw segments of the polygon around the entities to be selected. o Press C to close the lasso. The entities inside the lasso are selected automatically. Path Selection. With this tool you can select entities by drawing a poly-line through them. To use this tool, do the following: o Click on the Path Selection tool.
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o Draw the poly-line through the entities to be selected. o Press C to end the line. The entities through which the line passes will be selected automatically. Select by Layer. This tool enables you to select all the entities on a specific layer of the drawing. To use the tool, do the following: o Click on the Select by Layer tool. The dialog box shown in Figure 4.6-3 will open. o Select a layer from the list. If more than one layer is to be selected, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting from the list. o Choose the selection type from the check boxes at the bottom of the dialog box and press OK. The items on the layers chosen from the list will be selected, or removed from selection, depending on the option chosen.
FIGURE 4.6-3 SELECT LAYERS DIALOG WINDOW
Select by Type. This button is used to open a dialog box (Figure 4.6-4) in which one or more component types can be selected as a group. For example, all columns or all support lines can be selected at once. To use the tool, do the following: o Click on the Select by Type tool. The dialog box below will open. o Select an entity type from the list. If more than one type is to be selected, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting from the list. 44
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o Choose the selection criteria from the check boxes at the bottom of the dialog box and press OK. Entities of the type chosen in the list will be selected, or removed from selection, depending on the option chosen.
FIGURE 4.6-4 SELECT BY TYPE DIALOG
Select All. This tool selects all the entities visible on the screen. Move Selection. This tool enables you to move the entire group of entities that are currently selected. Pick a vertex of one of the entities Move Selected Point. With this tool you can move only the vertex of an entity to a new location, while the positions of the remainder of the entitys vertices remain unchanged. Select the entity first. Then pick the vertex you wish to move. Drag it to the new location. The selected vertex will move independently; all other vertices will remain in their original location.
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Delete Point. This tool deletes the currently selected vertex of an entity. Insert Vertex. This tool is used to insert an additional vertex into an entity that contains multiple insertion points. The new vertex is placed between the selected vertex and the previous vertex. If the first vertex is chosen, then the new vertex is added at this end. To add a vertex, do the following: o Select the entity. o Click on the Insert Vertex tool. o Click on one of the entities vertices. Another vertex will be added to the entity, adjacent to the selected vertex. Items Properties (Alt + Enter). This tool opens up the Properties dialog box for the selected entity. The properties may then be edited, as specified in other parts of this manual. Group Selection. This tool creates a block containing all entities currently selected. The block may then be dragged as one unit across the screen. Explode Block. This tool breaks down a previously created block into its component. It also works with blocks of imported DWG or DXF files. 4.6.3 Camera and Viewports Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-5 CAMERA AND VIEWPORTS TOOLBAR
This toolbar is used to display different views of the model, zoom in or out, pan and show multiple port views of the structure. The tools on the toolbar are self-explanatory. The hint text associated with each tool provides additional information. The following describes several of the less commonly used tools. Redraw. This button clears and then re-draws the entire display. The following buttons display the model from different angles.
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Top View Left View Front View Top-Front-Right View, this shows isometric view of the model Other tools are: Zoom Window Zoom Extents Zoom In Zoom Out Dynamic Zoom Dynamic Pan Undo Zoom / Pan Redo Zoom / Pan Single Viewport Two Vertical Viewports 4.6.4 Settings Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-6 SETTING TOOLBAR
This toolbar is used to set up the Universal Coordinate System, line types, colors and layers in the program. The settings are also accessed from the Settings menu.
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Layer Setting. The color and line settings for each layer can also be modified in this window. Line Style Setting. Click on this tool to open a list of the available line styles and descriptions. Select the line style of your choice. Colors Setting. This tool opens a color palette, from which you can select background of the modeling window. Display WCS. This toggle tool displays or hides the World Coordinate System icon at its real position in (0,0,0). 4.6.5 Snap Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-7 SNAP TOOLBAR
This toolbar contains all the snapping tools of the program. To snap to an entity, the mouse must be in Select/Pick mode, and you must bring the cursor close to the location where you will snap the entity. Snap to Endpoint Snap to Midpoint Snap to Center Snap to Intersection Snap to Perpendicular. This tool forces the mouse cursor to snap to a target entity, such that the entity being created will be positioned perpendicular to its target. Snap to Nearest Snap to Grid. This tool forces the mouse cursor to snap to the nearest grid point.
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Grid Settings. This tool opens the Grid Settings dialog box where grid spacing, angle and other parameters can be set. Snap Settings. This tool opens the Snap Settings dialog box, where all snapping features may be selected or deselected. Snap to Vertices of a Component. Using the previously described tools, you will not be able to snap arbitrarily to the vertices or edges of structural components, such as a beam. Since a structural component that is displayed as solid is defined by its insertion points, the insertion points will not necessarily be the vertices or edges of the entity. By clicking on the above tool, you can make the vertices and edges of all the structural components of your project capable of being snapped to. Note: Caution should be used when working with this tool. In order for a structural component to be correctly accounted for, in most instances it must be connected to other structural components through its insertion point. That is to say, the components must snap together at their insertion points. Create/Draw Orthogonal. This tool forces the entity being drawn or created to be positioned along either the X-axis or Y-axis. 4.6.6 Model/Design Strips Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-8 MODEL/DESIGN STRIPS TOOLBAR
Generate Design Strips. This button is used to create the design strips automatically. It concludes by generating as many design strips as support lines created by you, taking into account the splitters that you may have used, in order to impose your preferences. Discard Strips Modeled. This tool erases the data of the last automatically generated design strip calculations, but retains all the information that you entered manually, such as support lines and splitters. This tool is generally used when you decide to modify design strips calculated by the program.
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Display Strip X Display Strip Y 4.6.7 Modeling Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-9 MODELING TOOLBAR
The first three tools of this toolbar deal specifically with the creation of design strips. The remainder helps you to improve or correct your work. For the purpose of this workshop, only the first three tools will be reviewed. Support Line. You use this tool to create a new support line manually. In most instances the second tool (Support Line Wizard) will be simpler and faster to use. Generally, it is recommended to use the Support Line Wizard and edit the support line it creates, if needed. Support Line Wizard. This tool creates a support line automatically. The support line wizard automatically generates a support line in the direction that you specify. The wizard searches for possible supports over a strip specified by the band width you define. The wizard detects slab edges, column ends; wall ends and wall center lines that are located within the band you define. Once it creates a support line and displays it on the screen, you will be able to edit it, if needed. In most cases, it is simpler to use the wizard and edit its support line automatically than to create one manually. Splitters. Splitters are used to delineate a separation in the slab. You can use them to identify the boundary of a region that you wish to consider in your design. Also, they can be used to identify the boundaries of a design strip tributary. They have other important and useful functions too. Each splitter is associated with the design intended for one of the orthogonal directions, referred to as X- or Y-directions. It is defined according to the strip direction the splitter is meant to affect. Each splitter affects strips in one specified direction at a time. Therefore, separate splitters should be drawn for each direction. For example, if a splitter is intended to affect the strips in the X-direction, draw the splitter in the Xdirection.
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Strip Method Load Transfer. (Specific to ADAPT-PT and ADAPT-RC). When a support line is designed to rest on another support line in the orthogonal direction and transfer its load to the supporting line, there is no physical support such as a column or wall at the intersection. The reinforcement in the slab or post-tensioning is designed to carry the load of the support recipient support line. In modeling for strip method, you must mark the location, where a support line is shedding load without the presence of a supporting wall or column. Connect Drop Caps to Columns. This tool is used to connect all existing drop cap endpoint with the endpoint of the column. The center point of the drop cap is moved to the center point of the column. The connection of column and cap makes sure that the complete crosssectional area is taken into account at the support. The resulting offset is automatically calculated. Connect Support Lines to Columns and Walls. Use this tool to connect the existing support lines to walls and columns. Support lines have to be connected to the endpoint of a column or the both endpoints of a wall to account for them fully in the design stage of your work. Connect Beams to Columns and Walls. This tool establishes the snapping connection between all existing beams and adjacent walls or columns, where beam ends are adjacent to a support but are not snapped to it. While the program can handle a beam that terminates short of a column, for proper treatment of beams that are connected to columns you should use the Snap option. This tool will search for such instances in your model and will establish the connection. Support Lines Extension. This tool extends all existing support lines to the edges of the slab. Use this tool if you created a support line manually, as it is likely you missed snapping its ends to the slab edges. If the distance of the support line end to a slab edge is more than the programs tolerance, you must do the connection manually. Align Structural Components. This tool improves the quality of your modeling. You can automatically adjust the location of a wall or column that you have drawn to line up with the face of slab.
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4.6.8
Support Line/Results Scale Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-10 SUPPORT LINE/RESULTS SCALE TOOLBAR
Design results can be viewed graphically by using this toolbar. Results for actions, stresses, precompression, balanced loading, deflection and punching shear can be viewed graphically in the main screen. Display Graphically. Select this button to display those results for each support line that are selected in the Results Display Settings window. Display Design Sections. Click this button to display the design sections for all support lines. As soon as this button is selected, a floating toolbar is displayed that allows you to toggle between the display of support lines in the X and Y direction. Scale Down Values. Use this button to scale down values for any curves that are displayed along the support lines. Default Scale Values. In case where curves are displayed and the maxima are too large to fit, use this button to scale the curves back to a default scale. Scale Up Values. Use this button to scale up values of any curves that are displayed along the support lines. Scale Up Values. Use this button to scale up values of any curves that are displayed along the support lines. Perpendicular Projection. By default, all curves are displayed perpendicular to the slab surface. Select this button to flip the curves into the XY plane. Numerical Display. Select this button to display the result values for each design section along the support lines.
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Display Min/Max Values. Click this button to only display the minimum and maximum result values along the support lines. Result Display Settings. Select this button to open the Result Display Settings window. Display Punching Shear Design Outcome. Once you have executed the punching shear design, the results can be reviewed in the model by clicking on this button. 4.6.9 Reinforcement Toolbar
FIGURE 4.6-11 REINFORCEMENT TOOLBAR (BASIC)
Generate Rebar Drawing. This tool creates/refreshes the generation of rebar drawing. Open Rebar Display Options. The dialog window gives you full control over the display of reinforcement. Display/Hide Rebar. This is simply a toggle switch to turn the display of the entire reinforcement on the plan on or off. Create Mesh Reinforcement. This tool enables you to specify a wire mesh fabric or rebar layout over one or several areas of the floor system. Mesh Rebar Wizard. The wizard lets you define a mesh reinforcement over a specific region of slab that you select. 4.6.10 Cursor Function and Operation Depending on the cursor mode, the program responds differently. Before starting an operation, it is important to make sure that the cursor is in the appropriate mode.
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Shape
Mode Selection/Pick
Description In this mode, you can select an entity displayed on the screen by placing the cross over it and left-clicking the mouse. Once an entity is selected, its color changes. There are two ways to enable Selection/Pick mode: - Right-click the mouse, and select Exit - Click on Selection/Pick Tool In this mode, the program displays the identification of an entity that the point of the arrow touches. To change to this mode, click on the Hint Mode Tool In this mode, the program will create an entity, such as a line, column or slab. Place the cross at the location where you want the entity to be created and left-click the mouse. Detailed instruction for creation of each entity will be prompted on the User Information Bar at the bottom of the screen. To enable Creation Mode, left-click the mouse on the tool of the entity you intend to create. Then follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. In this mode, the magnet indicates that the cursor is in Snap Mode and is searching to snap onto an entity. The cursor will search for one or more entities. Once the cursor becomes close to any of the entities or conditions it is searching for, it will display a yellow sign over the location to be snapped. The shape of the yellow sign displayed identifies the entity for snapping. In this mode, the program can be requested to create an entity, although the plane on which the entity is to be created is not displayed. You must change the screen view (go to Plan View, if you are in Elevation) before you can create the entity in mind.
Hint
Creation
Snap
Undefined Creation
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Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS
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5.1
OVERVIEW This section outlines detailed steps to follow in designing a conventionally reinforced or post-tensioned mat foundation, using ADAPT-MAT. It is assumed that those steps pertaining to post-tensioning do not apply if the mat being designed is conventionally reinforced. Depending on whether you already have an electronic file of the mat geometry or not and whether you are familiar with AutoCAD or not there are different options available to you. Refer to the flow chart and the text that follows for the details.
5.2
DESIGN PROCEDURE The following steps are intended for completion of a full analysis and design of a mat foundation. The items listed here are discussed in greater detail in the ADAPT-Modeler User Manual. The suggested steps for the analysis and design of a mat foundation are: 5.2.1 Creation of the structural model Define the soil support conditions Validate the structural model by use of the tools for viewing analysis results Complete and finalize input data Perform analysis Prepare Design Generate structural drawings Generate structural calculation reports
Create the Structural Model Use one of the following options to create your structural model o Import an AUTOCAD file of the model (DXF or DWG) and convert it to structural model by transformation.
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o Define the foundation slab and loading, using the Build and Loading tools of the program. This is also referred to as manual generation of a model. o Import geometry and load on the model from a multi-story analysis program, such as ETABS, or other programs supported by ADAPT-Builder platform. o Use the generic data exchange file format of the program to create and import the geometry of the foundation mat. The common and more accurate method for the generation of geometry of your structural model from the first option above, that is, importing an AUTOCAD file, since most of the commercially available multi-story software does not model the complex foundation geometry with adequate degree of accuracy. 5.2.2 Define Soil Support Conditions Define the location and properties of the soil support, piles and rock anchors, if any. 5.2.3 Validate the Structural Model In this step you determine whether the structural model of the foundation slab you have generated and its support conditions are indeed a faithful representation of your requirements, before proceeding with detailed analysis and design. The steps are: o Mesh the structure. o Analyze the structure for an arbitrary concentrated load in the central region of the mat and/or self-weight. o View the deflected shape of the structure under self-weight and determine if the results look reasonable in shape and magnitude based on engineering experience and judgment. 5.2.4 Complete and Finalize Input Data o Add post-tensioning tendons as required, if the structure is post-tensioned.
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o Review and finalize the design criteria including material properties, analysis/design options, reinforcing bar selections and design code. o Specify reinforcement mesh to be included in your design, if any. o Define additional load cases or loads if necessary. o View the program-generated load combinations and edit if necessary. 5.2.5 Perform Analysis o Analyze the structure 5.2.6 Prepare to Design o Create support lines. o Generate design sections automatically. o Review the generated design strips. If necessary, modify the support lines and use splitters to refine the design strips created. Conclude your modifications with a re-creation of automatically generated design strips and sections. 5.2.7 Validate the Code Compliance of the Design If the foundation system is not pre-stressed, the program automatically provides the adequate amount of reinforcement, where necessary, to meet the requirements of the design code you have selected for Strength and Serviceability. For pre-stressed foundations, in addition to the reinforcement requirements, the computed stresses must not exceed the code specified threshold. If this condition is not satisfied, the program shows the design sections with dashed lines in purple. At this stage, you must either modify the post-tensioning you have specified, or change other parameters of the foundation, such as thickness and redo the analysis and design. This process continues, until the solution is acceptable and code-specified stress limits are met. To summarize:
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o View the outcome of code check for design sections in Xdirection, followed by an examination of the same for design sections in Y-direction. o If there are no purple (dashed) lines the requirements of the building code you selected is satisfied. o If there are purple (dashed) lines, the code requirements have not been met; investigate and modify the slab until a solution is acceptable. o Execute the punching shear check if applicable. o View the punching shear stress check on the screen, to ascertain that the calculated stresses do not exceed the maximum allowed by code. The program automatically reports these locations to you on the screen with red color and a coded note. 5.2.8 Generate Structural Drawings The program provides you with the option to generate structural drawings with detailed reinforcement and post-tensioning (when applicable) information for construction. These tools are described in greater detail in Chapter 10 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. The information contained in this reference applies equally to ADAPT-MAT and ADAPTFloor Pro as part of the ADAPT-Builder platform. o For an expeditious outcome of your design, use the rebar generation tool to view rebar along design strips in the X and Y directions. The program will show required, enveloped reinforcing for the top and bottom of the slab and/or beams. o Review the generated reinforcing and edit the size, orientation, number and length of the bars, if needed. o Add any reinforcement that you consider necessary to complete the detailing of the structure. o View/modify the font size and line properties of the drawing suitable for the size of drawing file (.DWG) that will be exported to a CAD format. o Export the drawing to AUTOCAD for production. 5.2.9 Generate Structural Calculation Reports Refer to Chapter 11 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. This document contains a detailed explanation of Reports that can be produced 60
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by both ADAPT-MAT and ADAPT-Floor Pro along with a sample report. Using this as a guide or reference, prepare a similar report for your project. FLOW CHART FOR DESIGN OF MAT (RAFT) FOUNDATION
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6.1
OVERVIEW This tutorial package is tailored to the needs of design engineers who are seeking to become familiar with the latest developments in design of reinforced concrete MAT /RAFT (foundation slab consisting of extended layers of concrete and usual resting on soft ground) systems. The tutorial covers, in detail, the process of designing reinforced concrete (RC) MAT foundation using the ADAPT-Builder suite of software with focus on ADAPT-Modeler & ADAPT-MAT. Long regarded as a difficult engineering challenge, designing concrete floor systems is greatly simplified with ADAPT-Builder, which provides significant efficiencies throughout the design process. This tutorial is broken into several sessions, which would likely to take four hours in total. This tutorial uses the following programs of the ADAPT-Builder Design Suite: ADAPT-Modeler 2009 or later ADAPT-MAT 2009 or later ADAPT-Dynamic Rebar Design Extension Module
Contact ADAPT at support@adaptsoft.com if you need additional information.
6.2
INTRODUCTION This tutorial walks you through the complete modelling, analysis, design and detailing of a reinforced concrete mat/raft system. It covers the procedure to import a 2D drawing file and transforming it to the required model. During loading procedure we will use efficient options available inside ADAPT Modeler environment. The tutorial concludes with the construction drawing showing general arrangements, structural calculation reports and the non-pre-stressed reinforcement. Along the way, the tutorial will cover more advanced modelling and analysis topics within ADAPT-MAT. The tutorial is broken down into a number of sessions, each intended to guide you through a specific aspect of design. The material that follows is intended for a user that has some basic familiarity with ADAPT-Builder. The step-by-step procedures outlined in each section do not contain all intermediate steps.
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The raft/mat system selected for the tutorial is specifically developed, to demonstrate salient steps of RC MAT foundation design using ADAPT Builder Environment. Its overall dimensions are approximately 164 x 90 feet. The project data for this tutorial has been generated in US units. This tutorial is based on ACI 2008 (including provisions from IBC 2009). However where the code is mute provisions from TR 43, Canadian and other building codes are referred. However note that the bulk of material presented in this tutorial applies to the majority of building codes included in the software, such as EC2, IS, Australian, Canadian and BS8110. Items such as allowable stresses, load combinations and associated factors will change depending on the code you wish to use for future designs.
6.3
DESIGN SCOPE AND CRITERIA 6.3.1 Structural Layout This outlines the criteria to be used for the structural engineering design of a typical mat system (Fig. 6.3-1) of the subject matter project.
FIGURE 6.3-1 TYPICAL REINFORCE CONCRETE MAT SYSTEM
The concrete outline and the general structural plan with key dimensions are shown below:
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FIGURE 6.3-2 GENERAL STRUCTURAL PLAN (US)
6.3.2
Material Properties Concrete: Weight Cylinder Strength (fc) at 28 days Creep Coefficient
= 150 pcf = 4000 psi (slab); 5000 psi (column & wall) =2
Non-pre-stressed Reinforcement: Yield Strength = 60 ksi Modulus of Elasticity = 30,000 ksi Soil: Allowable Long Term Pressure 6.3.3 Applicable Codes The design is based on ACI318-08/IBC 2009.
= 2000 psf
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6.3.4
Structural Documents The final design should include following: o Structural Calculation o General Arrangement Drawings o Loading Plans o Design Section Report o Rebar required and provided at all locations o Design Section Capacity
6.3.5
Design Loads Dead Load: Self weight Superimposed Dead Load Line Load along the walls Point Load (Column Reactions)
= based on volume = 0.04 ksf on the entire raft = 1.37 kip/ft along edge walls = 1.7 kip/ft along other walls = 56.2 kip downward axial load = 18 kip along major axis = 9 kip along minor axis
Live Load: Uniformly Distributed
= 0.21 ksf
No lateral loading and any other loadings are not considered in this tutorial model. However one may refer to the other tutorial for further clarification. 6.3.6 Load Combinations and Stresses The parts and factors of the programs automatically generated load cases and load combinations are listed below. All combinations follow ACI 318 and IBC 2009 stipulations. 6.3.6.1 Strength Load Combinations The strength requirement for each member is established using the following factored load combinations: Only for Dead Load:
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U = 1.40 x Selfweight + 1.40 x Dead load For Dead and Live Load: U = 1.20 x Selfweight + 1.20 x Dead load + 1.60 x Live load 6.3.6.2 Serviceability Load Combinations Load Combinations for Serviceability Check: Sustained in-service load combination (stress check) U = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 0.30 x Live load Total in-service load combination (stress check) U = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 1.00 x Live load 6.3.6.3 Initial Load Combinations Load Combinations for Initial staged check: U = 1.00 x Selfweight 6.3.7 Deflections The deflections will be calculated for both uncracked (gross moment of inertia) and cracked (effective moment of inertia). Long-term deflections are estimated using a creep coefficient of 2. For the mat foundation the maximum deflections are maintained below the following values with the understanding that the structure is not attached to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections of the slab: Maximum allowable total long term deflection = L/240 Maximum allowable live load deflection = L/360 Where, L = length of clear span. Hence, load combination for long-term deflection due to creep and the instantaneous action of live load: U = 3.00 X Dead load + 1.00 x Live load
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Load combination for checking deflection under live load: U = 1.00 Live Load 6.3.8 Cover Mild Reinforcement clear covers for the Raft are given below: Cover to top bars Cover to bottom bars 6.3.9 Soil Properties Let us take an example of the structural modeling of foundations that rest on multiple soil layers and each have a different spring constant (Winkler constant). Figure 6.3-3 shows a foundation slab on three layers of soil, each with its own spring constant k1, k2 and k3. The stiffness experienced by the foundation slab at its interface with soil (interface A in the figure) is due to the combined responses of the three underlain soil layers 1, 2 and 3. User needs to determine the equivalent spring constant that must be specified for the determination of slab deflection and its design. For academia let us also determine the force and displacement at the interface of each of the layers. = 1.25 inch = 1.50 inch
FIGURE 6.3-3 SLAB ON MULTI LAYER SOIL FOUNDATION
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6.3.9.1 Equivalent Spring Constant The equivalent spring constant for design of the foundation is the sum of the inverse of the spring constants of each of the underlain soil layers. For the condition shown in Figure 6.3-3, the constant to be used for the analysis of the foundation ke is given by: 1/ke = (1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3) 6.3.9.2 Soil Pressure The displacement of the foundation at its interface with the soil (interface A in Figure 6.3-3) is determined through the analysis of the foundation using ke. For displacement d at any given point, the soil pressure p is: p = ke * d The soil pressure p remains the same for the underlain layers. It will be the same for layers A, B and C shown in the figure. 6.3.9.3 Displacement at Interface of Soil Layers At interface A, the vertical displacement is equal to the value determined from the analysis of the foundation slab, namely d. The reduction (r) in thickness of layer 1 is: r1 = p/k1 Hence, the vertical displacement of interface B will be: dB = d rA Using a similar procedure, the displacement of the interface between other layers can be determined. 6.3.9.4 Numerical Example Given: A foundation slab is supported on the following: 71
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First layer: 4 synthetic material with spring constant 200 pci Second layer: 24 soil with spring constant 250 pci Third layer: 7 ft of native soil with spring constant 300 pci
Required: Determine the equivalent soil constant for the analysis of the foundation If the vertical displacement of the foundation at a point is obtained to be 0.138 inch, determine the force in each of the layers and the vertical displacement at the interface of each.
Solution: The equivalent soil constant for the analysis of the foundation is: 1/ke ke = (1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3) = (1/200+ 1/250 + 1/300) = 1/81.08 = 81.08 pci
For a vertical displacement of 0.138 inch, the soil pressure is: P = ke * d = 81.08 * 0.138 = 11.19 psi (1611 psf)
Using Winkler foundation, the pressure on all the underlain layers will be the same. Vertical displacement at interface of soil layers: Displacement at layer A, dA = 0.138 inch Compression in thickness of first layer: r1 = p/k1 = 11.19/200 = 0.056 inch Displacement at layer B, dB = dA r1 = 0.138 0.056 = 0.082 inch Compression in thickness of second layer: r2 = p/k2 = 11.19/250 = 0.04476 inch
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Displacement at layer C, dC = dB r2 = 0.82 0.0447 = 0.0373 inch Compression in thickness of third layer: r3 = p/k3 = 11.19/300 = 0.0373 inch Displacement at layer D, dD = dC r3 = 0.0373 0.0373 = 0.00 inch No displacement value at interface D agrees with the assumptions of the example.
6.4
GENERATION OF 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL THROUGH DWG IMPORT The steps to follow for the generation of a 3D structural model of the floor system through import of a drawing file are detailed below. After the initial drawing has been transformed into a structural model, the steps to import a revised drawing are outlined. The descriptions of each step are general and should be applied to any model used as an example or tutorial. To request the specific .DWG and .ADM files for the model used in this text, please contact our support staff at support@adaptsoft.com. 6.4.1 First Drawing Import At this step, the simplified structural or architectural drawing will be imported to the Builder program and converted to a structural model. Follow the steps below: o Open the Builder program in MAT mode with American unit system (as shown in Figure 4.2-1). o From File pull-down menu select File>Import>DXF/DWG. o Open the desired .dwg file. o Now Project Calibration Dialog (Figure 6.4-1) will appear. Select Yes to enter into calibration mode. The cursor will default to Snap mode. o Before you click, make sure the Snap to End button is selected from the Snap Toolbar.
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FIGURE 6.4-1 PROJECT CALIBRATION DIALOG
o Calibrate the drawing using any of the dimension lines shown in the drawing or a known distance between two points. The User Information Bar (UIB) will ask to Enter the Start Point of Calibration Line. This is the yellow bar at the bottom of the main interface as shown in Figure 4.3-1. Click on the first known point. The UIB will ask to Enter the End Point of Calibration Line. Click on the second known point. Now it will ask to Enter the Correct distance in feet between the two Points you Selected. Input the proper dimension in feet and hit enter. This will complete calibration of the drawing. o For this tutorial, click No when asked if you want to change the project origin.
FIGURE 6.4-2 START AND END POINTS OF CALIBRATION LINE
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6.4.2
Transformation of Structural Components o Open the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar for conversion of the drawing to structural model. Use the User Interface menu and click on the following Transform to Structural Component Toolbar. Alternatively use menu item Build> Display Modeling Toolbars to view this toolbar along with the Build Toolbar.
FIGURE 6.4-3 TRANSFORM TO STRUCTURAL COMPONENT TOOLBAR
o Use menu item Settings >Drawing >Layers, to open the Layers dialog box. Click on the button All Layers Off. This will turn off all the layers in the drawing. Click on the light bulb icon in the On/Off column for the layer representing the structural columns (Figure 6.4-4) to turn on only the objects in this layer while the display of other objects remain turned off.
FIGURE 6.4-4 LAYERS DIALOG BOX
o Now only the polygons drawn in selected layer will be displayed in the screen. Select all of them using Ctrl+A. Once the column polygons are selected use the Transform Column icon from the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar. Alternatively you use menu item Build >Transform Drawing Entities >Transform entity into Column. Note: Only polygons can be transformed using the transformation toolbar in ADAPT-Builder. If your drawing 75
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file contains components that are composed of individual lines, this tool will not work. o Change the view to an Isometric View by selecting Top-FrontRight View from the Camera and Viewports Toolbar. You will notice all polygons are changed to a Column entity in the drawing; you may double click on any column to change or view its General Properties, Location, FEM Properties and CAD properties (as shown in Figure 6.4-5). Notice that when in ADAPT-MAT mode all columns will be resting on slab, i.e. modeled as Upper Column and placed under Current_Plane_Column layer.
FIGURE 6.4-5 TOP-FRONT-RIGHT VIEW WITH TRANSFORMED COLUMN AND COLUMN DIALOG
o Select the menu item Settings >Drawing >Layers, to open Layers dialog box. Click on the button All Layers Off. And this time turn All Layers Off and turn on that layer representing the structural slab layer (Figure 6.4-4) to display only the polygon representing the slab region(s). o Select the polygon(s) and use Transform Slab Region icon from the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar to convert the polygon to a slab. The slab will be placed as the Current_plane_Slab_Region layer. o Finally open the Layer dialog once again. You may also use the Layers Setting icon from Settings Toolbar (refer to Chapter 4 of this document). This time turn All Layers Off while turning on only the layer representing any walls. o Select all the polygons (representing walls) and use the Transform Wall icon from the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar to convert all polygons as walls. Walls
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will be placed in the Current_plane_Slab_Region layer. All walls will be Upper Walls and will be placed under the Current_plane_Wall layer. from the View o Now use the Select/Set View Items icon Toolbar. Alternatively you may use menu item View >Select Display Item. o This will open the Select/Set View Items dialog box. By default, the Structural Components tab will be open. Turn on the display of Slab Region, Column and Wall as shown in Figure 6.4-6 and click on OK. This will display all structural objects in the screen.
FIGURE 6.4-6 SELECT/ SET VIEW ITEMS DIALOG BOX
o Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_01.ADM. This file contains the structural model created from the drawing file using the ADAPT-MAT environment.
6.5
MATERIAL, SOIL SUPPORT, CRITERIA AND LOADINGS Open the previously-saved file (MAT_US_ACI_01.ADM) if you have closed it. If you have completed all of the steps successfully as specified in the earlier section, you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk.
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6.5.1
Set and Assign Material Properties 6.5.1.1 Set and Assign Multiple Concrete Materials Since we need to specify two grades of Concrete (one for the slab, another for columns and walls), use the menu item Material >Concrete. The material dialog box for Concrete will open. By default there will be one concrete already established. Click on the Add button to add another concrete.
FIGURE 6.5-1 CONCRETE MATERIAL DIALOG BOX
Now select Concrete 1 and rename the label as Concrete Slab. Specify Weight (Wc) 150 pcf and 28 days Cylinder Strength (fc) as 4000 psi. The Modulus of Elasticity of concrete is automatically calculated and displayed by the program using fc and Wce, and the relationship as mentioned in section 8.5.1 of ACI 318-08 is given below. The user is given the option to override the code value and specify a user defined substitute. The user can specify Wce in place of Wc which will be used only to calculate Ec value. Ec = Wc1.5 X 33 f 'c Ec = Wc1.5 X 0.043 f 'c US SI
Where, Ec = modulus of elasticity at 28 days [psi, MPa]
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fc = characteristic cylinder strength at 28 days Wc = density of concrete [150 lb/ft3, 2400 kg/m3] Similarly, select Concrete 2 and rename the label as Concrete CW. Specify weight 150 pcf and 28 days cylinder strength as 5000 psi. Now click on the Select by Type icon from the Selection Toolbar. Refer to Chapter 4 for additional details. Select Column and Wall and click on OK. This will select all columns and walls in the model. Now use the menu item Modify >Modify Item Properties, to open the Modify Item Properties dialog box. Turn on Material (located in top left corner), select Concrete CW from the drop down list (Figure 6.5-2). Click on OK, to apply this concrete for all selected entities, i.e. columns and walls. To change the material for the slab region you can use same procedure to specify the Concrete Slab material. Alternately, double click on the slab. The Slab Region dialog box will open. Select the drop down for Material and ensure Concrete Slab is specified as material (Figure 6.5-3).
FIGURE 6.5-2 MODIFY ITEM PROPERTIES DIALOG BOX
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FIGURE 6.5-3 SLAB REGION DIALOG BOX
6.5.1.2 Set and Assign Mild Steel Material (Rebar) Use the menu item Material >Mild Steel to open the material dialog for Mild Steel. Specify the value of fy as 60 ksi and the value of Es as 29000 ksi. Click OK. Since this is single entry, this property will be applied for all components. 6.5.2 Assign Soil Support There are two choices to model soil support. One may snap the corner points of the slab to model the soil support. Otherwise as we want to model soil support of uniform stiffness for the entire foundation, we can model a rectangular or quadrilateral soil support which inscribes the entire foundation. Both will give same result considering soil support below the foundation slab area only. For this tutorial, the second option will be used.
FIGURE 6.5-4 SOIL SUPPORT MENU ITEM
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Use menu item Build >Spring/Soil Support >Soil Support. The UIB (yellow bar at bottom of interface) will ask to specify four corners. Click on four corners surrounding the slab region and press C to Close/End/Accept. Ensure that the soil spring boundary inscribes the mat area (Figure 6.5-5).
FIGURE 6.5-5 SOIL SUPPORT INSCRIBING THE MAT FOUNDATION
Now double click on the Soil Support to open its property box (Figure 6.5-6). As computed in Section 6.3.9.4, specify kza value 81.08 pci. Retain the spring type as Compression Only.
FIGURE 6.5-6 SOIL SUPPORT PROPERTY BOX
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6.5.3
Set Criteria Let us now set design criteria for this project. This should be done before we enter in loadings as automatic load combinations are generated based on the design code selected by the user. Use menu item Criteria to open the dialog box. By default the Criteria input window will open under the Design Code tab. Select ACI 2008/IBC 2009 for this project (Figure 6.5-7). Please note that some of the codes will be unavailable for selection as they do not support the US unit system.
FIGURE 6.5-7 DESIGN CODE TAB INSIDE CRITERIA DIALOG BOX
It is recommended to click on all of the tabs and ensure the parameters. Specific to this tutorial, go to Preferred Reinforcement Size and Material tab to specify preferred rebar diameters for the top bar as #5 and for the bottom bar as #6. Go to the Shear Design Options tab to specify the preferred bar size as #3 (0.375 in); shear reinforcement type is stud and number of rails per side is 2. Finally click on OK to apply the changes. 6.5.4 Input and Assign Loadings ADAPT-MAT will automatically consider Self-Weight as we specified Wc for the concrete materials. The program also has two reserve load cases as Dead Load and Live Load. In this tutorial, we need to specify area loads, line loads and point loads. Hence let us ensure that the Loading Toolbar is displayed in the screen.
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You may use the User Interface drop down menu to turn on the Loading Toolbar. Alternatively from the Loading drop down menu you can turn on Display Loading Toolbar. 6.5.4.1 Patch Load Generation Select the slab and click on the Patch Load Wizard icon from the Loading Toolbar. Specify a value of 0.04 ksf as Superimposed Dead Load. The program will display a confirmation dialog specifying one patch load is applied. This will apply 0.04 ksf uniformly distributed loading on the entire foundation slab.
FIGURE 6.5-8 AUTOMATIC PATCH LOAD WIZARD
Again select the slab and click on the Patch Load Wizard icon from the Loading Toolbar to specify 0.20 ksf as Live Load. 6.5.4.2 Line Load Generation Select all of the boundary walls located in the model, if any. You may select all walls by using the Select by Type icon and then hold down the Ctrl key to de-select any internal walls. Click on the Line Load Wizard icon from the Loading Toolbar to assign 1.37 k/ft line loading along the boundary walls under the Dead Load condition. The program should confirm the number of line loads generated. Now select only the internal walls and similarly specify 2.0 k/ft line loading for walls other than the boundary walls.
FIGURE 6.5-9 AUTOMATIC LINE LOAD WIZARD
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6.5.4.3 Point Load Generation To apply point loads as column end reactions use the Create Point Load icon from the Loading Toolbar. Ensure that the Snap to Endpoint tool is activated which will allow you to snap to the column centerline(s). Click on one of the columns which will add a point load without any value. Double click on the point load to open the Point Load dialog box (Figure 6.5-10). Alternatively you may use the Select by Type icon to select the only point load in this model and use the menu item Edit >Items Properties to open the same dialog box. Input Fz = 56.2 kip inside the General tab and go to Loads tab to input Fx = 18 kip and Fy = 9 kip. Finally click on the green checkmark to assign the load values. Once done program will remember these values for further generation(s).
FIGURE 6.5-10 POINT LOAD DIALOG BOX (GENERAL AND LOADS TABS)
Click on the Create Point Load icon from the Loading Toolbar. Ensure that the Snap to Endpoint tool is activated and snap all other columns to apply this loading. Where column reactions are different from each other, the user needs to edit its property and change the values accordingly. 6.5.4.4 Load Combinations Based on the code selected by the user, ADAPT-MAT automatically generates Initial, Strength and Service conditions. The user can add or modify any number of load combinations. However, please note that the program obtains a discrete solution for each load combination; hence, additional load combinations will result in prolonged processing time.
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Furthermore, for a structure like this which is supported by a series of Compression Only springs with some finite stiffness, superposition of load cases doesnt apply. As an example, the deflection for the dead load and live load cases when calculated individually, may not add up to the deflection calculated for the combined actions. Use the menu item Loading > Load Combination. The program will contain following load combinations: Service (Total Load) = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 1.00 x Live load Service (Sustained Load) = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 0.30 x Live load Strength (Dead and Live) = 1.20 x Selfweight + 1.20 x Dead load + 1.60 x Live load Strength (Dead Load Only) = 1.40 x Selfweight + 1.40 x Dead load You need to create the following combinations for checking deflection due to Live Load only and Long Term Deflection. Specify NO CODE CHECK under Analysis/Design Options as you dont need to check stress and calculate rebar requirement for these conditions. LongTerm= 3.00 x Selfweight + 3.00 x Dead load + 1.00 x Live load LiveLoad = 1.00 x Live Load
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FIGURE 6.5-11 LOAD COMBINATION DIALOG BOX
Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_02.ADM. This file contains the structural model, materials, soil support, design code; rebar specification and loadings with load combinations.
6.6
FINITE ELEMENT MESHING, ANALYSIS AND VIEW RESULTS Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_02.ADM) if you have closed it. If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in the earlier sections, you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk. The model is now ready for analysis. ADAPT-MAT supports the Object Oriented Modeling approach which allows users to model the physical components as they are truly represented. Once done, the program can automatically generate a finite element mesh. From Criteria >Analysis/Design Options, the user can specify a sparse or uniform mesh. The default is set to a sparse mesh as it will lead to a faster processing time without compromise or a degraded solution. The user can also specify the suggested cell size and node consolidation parameters. It is recommended to review Chapter 8 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual for a thorough description of meshing features in ADAPT-Builder as they are also applicable to ADAPT-MAT.
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6.6.1
Finite Element Meshing The menu item FEM >Automatic Mesh Generation will be used for creation of the first mesh. In this tutorial the suggested cell size of 3 ft will be used. Turn on the Shift nodes automatically option if it is not already set and specify maximum distance as 1.5 ft.
FIGURE 6.6-1 AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION DIALOG
Click on OK to generate finite element mesh as shown below.
FIGURE 6.6-2 FINITE ELEMENT MESH
6.6.2
Analyze Structure Use the menu item FEM >Analyze Structure and confirm in the subsequent dialog box (Figure 6.6-3), that the model is ready for analysis. For this model with soil spring supports, the program will produce
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iterative solutions for each load combination. Click on Yes to save the solution and terminate this dialog.
FIGURE 6.6-3 ANALYSIS STATUS DIALOG
6.6.3
View Results Once the analysis has been successfully completed, the program will confirm this, use the menu item FEM >View Results.
FIGURE 6.6-4 FEM MENU
This will open the ADViewer (View Results) screen. From the left-hand panel of the screen select the tab Load Case/ Combinations.
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6.6.3.1 View Deflection Select Service (Total Load) from the list of the load cases. On the top of the same left-hand panel, click on Results. From the list of results, select Deformation > Z-translation. This will display the vertical deflection of the structure. icon. This will Click on the button Display Results display the color contour for displacement as shown in Figure 6.6-5. Use the Warping and Rotate tools on the screen to examine the deflected shape of the model.
FIGURE 6.6-5 DISPLAY SCREEN OF FEM SOLUTIONS
6.6.3.2 Review of Soil Pressure Select Soil Pressure under the Results tab. This will display soil pressure for the selected Load Combination. Use the tab Load Case/ Combinations from left-hand panel to scroll through all combinations specified in the model. The soil pressure is reported as ksi.
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FIGURE 6.6-6 SOIL PRESSURE UNDER RESULT TAB
Important Note: The allowable soil pressure does not apply to the pressure reported at a point in a contour plot, such as in Figure 6.6-7. The allowable soil pressure is intended for the average pressure over a minimum area, such as a square or circle having a diameter or side value between three to four times of the slab thickness. In the design check of this tutorial, if the point pressure is within the allowable value, the design is considered acceptable. Otherwise, using the pressure contour, the average pressure over the preceding minimum area would have had to be calculated and checked with the allowable value.
FIGURE 6.6-7 SOIL PRESSURE FOR STRENGTH CONDITION
The user may also view other actions like Bending Moment of the slab about the X or Y global axes for different conditions. This gives an indication of the regions with maximum moments in a particular direction and possible line of cracking/ failure for the concrete slab. This might be used as a guideline to define support line for design.
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Close the ADViewer screen by using menu item File >Exit or button at the top-right corner. This will close the the Close results viewer and return back to main screen of ADAPTMAT.
6.6.3.3 Generate Line Contour Use the menu item FEM >Line Contour >Generate Line Contour (Figure 6.6-8). This will bring up a dialog box prompting the user to select the required load combination and slab actions. Select Strength as the load combination and specify M11 as the slab action (as shown in Figure 6.6-9). Using the menu item FEM >Line Contour >Contour Display Setting, you can control the display of value, density of contour, etc. Set one moment contour equal to 0.3 kip. More details about all menu items under Line Contour are described later. Slab action for M11 and M22 are shown in Figure 6.611 and Figure 6.6-12.
FIGURE 6.6-8 LINE CONTOUR OPTIONS UNDER FEM MENU
Use this menu to generate the line contours after analyzing the structure (Figure 6.6-8).
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Use this menu to either display or to hide the line contours after generating them. This menu allows you to increase the displayed number of contour lines. Use this menu to decrease the number of contour lines for your model. Use this menu to either display or to hide the labels for the contour lines that are labeled. This menu will open the Result Display Settings (Figure 6.6-9) to alter the contour line display.
FIGURE 6.6-9 GENERATE LINE CONTOUR OPTIONS
FIGURE 6.6-10 CONTOUR DISPLAY SETTINGS
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FIGURE 6.6-11 SLAB ACTION M11 FOR STRENGTH CONDITION
FIGURE 6.6-12 SLAB ACTION M22 FOR STRENGTH CONDITION
Finally use the menu item FEM >Line Contour >Display/Hide Contour. This will remove moment contours in the model. Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_03.ADM. This file contains the structural model, materials, soil support, design code; rebar specification, loadings with load combinations, finite element mesh and analysis result.
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6.7
GENERATION OF SUPPORT LINES AND USE OF SPLITTERS Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_03.ADM) if you have closed it. If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in earlier section, you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk. The model is now ready to be designed. The first step is to create Support Lines in both X and Y directions. These are required to establish design strips (i.e. tributary regions) for the generation of design sections. In some cases, the use of splitters is required to generate a more refined tributary region. Splitters are used when support lines do not terminate at slab or opening boundaries. Once support lines and splitters are created, the program can successfully generate design tributaries and automatically create design sections. Design sections are required to check the adequacy of the slab as it relates to the selected code for Strength and Serviceability requirements. Punching Shear (two-way shear) will also be checked for the slab. Finally we will review the results and produce a results report. 6.7.1 Generation of Support Lines Support lines in the X-direction will be drawn first. Use the Support Line Wizard tool from the Modeling Toolbar. A dialog box, as shown in Figure 6.7-1 will be displayed. Specify the intended direction of the Support Line as the X-Direction. Set the band width to 1 ft. The program will scan between this width for supports (columns, walls or beams). A support line vertex (click) will be created at each support. The distance or length between vertices is known as a support line span. Click on the OK button to create the support line.
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FIGURE 6.7-1 SUPPORT LINE WIZARD
Repeat the operation to create other support lines in the X-direction. You may hit Enter to repeat last operation in the ADAPT-MAT environment. For the example model (see Figure 6.7-1) it is possible to create the first 4 support lines from the top edge of slab in the Xtool from direction. However you need to use Create Support Line the Modeling Toolbar to complete support line 5, 6 and 7 as they are not continuous along the full length of slab. Notice also that Support Line 6 does not extend to a slab or opening boundary as all other support lines do. In this case, we need to use vertical splitters to generate a proper tributary region for this support line and those adjacent to it. It is recommended to scan the model you are using for the tutorial and determine which support lines may require the use of splitters.
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FIGURE 6.7-2 SUPPORT LINES IN X-DIRECTION
6.7.2
Use of Splitters For this example, the Create Splitter tool from Modeling Toolbar is used to draw two vertical splitters on each side of Support Line 6. Both splitters will extend from the endpoint of Support Line 6 to the bottom slab edge and from the endpoint of Support Line 6 vertically such that they terminate perpendicular to Support Line 4. Once you click on the Create Splitter tool, you cursor will be in snap mode. Use the menu item Edit >Items Properties to specify the property of the splitters you are going to create. The Splitter dialog box, as shown in Figure 6.7-3 will be displayed. Specify the direction for the support line for which this splitter will be associated. This is the X-direction for this example. The splitters as described above are shown in Figure 6.7-4. If youre model is different than the example for this tutorial, input splitters in a like manner for all necessary support lines.
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FIGURE 6.7-3 SPLITTER DIALOG BOX
FIGURE 6.7-4 SUPPORT LINES AND SPLITTERS IN X-DIRECTION
Splitters 1 and 2 in this example are shown in Figure 6.7-4. Using the approach described above for the X-direction, draw support lines in Y-direction. From Figure 6.7-5, note that Support Lines 8-15 were created using the Support Line Wizard tool. Support Line 16 requires use of the Create Support Line tool since it only contains two supports at the interior of the slab in the width and length of the scanning band where the Support Line Wizard is used. In this example, for Support Line 16, we need to create two more splitters to correctly generate tributary regions for this design strip.
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These splitters are shown in Figure 6.7-5. In your model, review the support lines and identify those which require the use of splitters. If you are using this model for the tutorial, input the splitters as shown below. The Y-direction splitters need to be associated with Ydirection support lines. Make sure that the splitters properties reflect this.
FIGURE 6.7-5 SUPPORT LINES AND SPLITTERS IN X-DIRECTION
Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_04.ADM. This file contains the structural model, materials, soil support, design code; rebar specification, loadings with load combinations, finite element mesh, analysis result, support lines and splitters.
6.8
PRODUCE AND REVIEW DESIGN RESULTS Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_04.ADM) if you have closed it. If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in earlier section, you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk. This model is ready to proceed for design. 6.8.1 Review Analysis/ Design Options Since the model was opened under the RC-only mode (Conventionally reinforced only), the user can specify to automatically generate column and middle strips. Click on the menu Criteria to open the dialog box shown in Figure 6.8-1. Go to the Analysis/Design Options tab.
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FIGURE 6.8-1 ANALYSIS/DESIGN OPTIONS FOR RC DESIGN
Ensure that both of the options are selected as Yes from the Conventionally reinforced only (RC) option. The second option of minimum rebar refers to the code required reinforcement for creep, shrinkage and temperature. If this item is not selected, the program reports the reinforcement needed to satisfy those requirements for the strength limit state of the structure only. Note that for the ACI code, minimum reinforcement (temperature and shrinkage reinforcement) as dictated by ACI318-08 Section 7.12 is not required for soil supported slabs. Hence, the program will not report any reinforcement required for serviceability conditions regardless of the option shown in Figure 6.8-1 being selected as Yes.
6.8.2
Generate Design Sections To generate design sections manually at each of the support lines, use the menu item FEM >Generate Design Sections Automatically. This will introduce a middle strip in between the main support lines (column strips) and generate design strips in X and Y directions.
6.8.3
Review Design Strips (Column and Middle Strips) Use the menu item Reports >Single Default Reports >Graphical |>Design Plans >Design Strips X-direction, to view the generated
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column strips and middle strips in the X-direction as shown in Figure 6.8-2. Middle and column strips are shown hatched in Figure 6.8-3 for this example.
FIGURE 6.8-2 DESIGN STRIPS IN X-DIRECTION MENU
FIGURE 6.8-3 COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS IN X-DIRECTION
Similarly, use the menu item Reports >Single Default Reports >Graphical >Design Plans >Design Strips Y-direction, to view generated column strips and middle strips in the Y-direction as shown in Figure 6.8-4. Notice that the program will introduce intermediate support lines in between the user-defined support lines identifying column strips. These strips are referred to as middle strips and are generated due to the selection being made from the Criteria menu. Had this item been selected as No, the program would have created design strips
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associated with user-defined support lines only. Also notice the generation of strips where splitters were used for this example. Once you have finished reviewing the designs strips, you will notice a Report Mode dialog box as shown in Figure 6.8-5. Click on the Exit Reports Mode button to return back to the normal view.
FIGURE 6.8-4 COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS IN Y-DIRECTION
FIGURE 6.8-5 REPORT MODE DIALOGUE BOX
6.8.4
Design the Design Sections Use the menu item FEM >Design the Design Section(s). Note: If the analysis results are not copied or not saved in the working directory, you may receive a warning as shown in Figure 6.8-6. For that case you need to perform analysis using the FEM >Analyze Structure menu.
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FIGURE 6.8-6 SOLUTION AVAILABILITY DIALOG BOX
Once the design has been successfully completed, the program will display a confirmation dialogue box as shown in Figure 6.8-7. Click on Yes to save the results and close this message.
FIGURE 6.8-7 DESIGN STATUS DIALOG BOX
6.8.5
Adequacy Check for the Design Sections Now click on Yes to save the result and dismiss the Design Status dialog box. Open the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar. Click on Display
Design Sections button from this toolbar. The program will automatically show a toolbar as shown in Figure 6.8-8. These icons allow the user to toggle between design sections in the X and Y directions. Show/ Hide Support Lines in X-direction Show/ Hide Support Lines in Y-direction
FIGURE 6.8-8 SUPPORT LINE DISPLAY TOOLBAR
Click each of them to view support lines and design sections, once for the X-direction and once for the Y-direction.
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Make a cursory review of the support line results in both directions. Where design sections are shown in a green color, the sections are found adequate for the specific design check selected from the Result tool. Any section shown as a dashed pink line Display Settings has not met the required code checks and is inadequate. Typically, in RC design, for strength checks design sections will be shown as OK for design status (green color) as the program will design the required amount of reinforcement to satisfy the demand actions.
For serviceability it is important to make a check for deflections in each direction. Select Service (Total Load) from the pull-down box in Result Display Settings as shown in Figure 6.8-9. Set the result option to Deflection and set the maximum allowable to L/240. Select Apply and then OK. From the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar select the Display Graphically tool, making sure that the support lines in either direction are turned on, and the program will report the deflection ratio (X/L) for each span as shown in Figure 6.8-10. Note also that the deflection value for each design section is shown. The same display of results can be produced for any action (i.e. moment, shear, axial) when the result to be displayed is set for Action and the Display Graphically tool is active. Note: When the program is opened in RC and PT mode, additional results will become active in the Result Display Settings dialogue box. The program will give the option to report top and bottom fiber stresses for any service combination as well and average precompression..
FIGURE 6.8-9 RESULT DISPLAY SETTINGS DIALOGUE BOX
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FIGURE 6.8-10 DEFLECTION RESULTS ALONG SUPPORT LINE
FIGURE 6.8-11 SUPPORT LINES AND DESIGN SECTIONS RESULTS IN XDIRECTION
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FIGURE 6.8-12 SUPPORT LINES AND DESIGN SECTIONS RESULTS IN YDIRECTION
Figures 6.8-11 and Figure 6.8-12 show support line results for the tutorial example model.
6.8.6
Generate Rebar Drawing Once the design of sections is complete, use the menu item FEM >Generate Rebar Drawing to display the rebar required to meet demand for serviceability, strength or envelope. The dialog box as shown in Figure 6.8-13 will be displayed. The user can select the any of the load combinations defined in the model to view rebar for. Note that when the ACI318 code is selected, no rebar will be generated for serviceability conditions as the code waives temperature and shrinkage reinforcement for soil supported slabs. You may choose the Bar Length Selection and the Bar Orientation, and then click OK. If the orientation of the bars is Along support lines the reinforcing is aligned parallel to the support lines even if they are not in the X-Y directions. The selection of an angle generates rebar layouts for those directions. The Dynamic Rebar Module calculates the required reinforcement for the direction selected. For this tutorial, specify Library Length and to have desirable rebar length and bar orientation along global X and Y axis as shown in Figure 6.8-13.
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FIGURE 6.8-13 GENERATE REBAR DRAWING OPTIONS
The program will display the requirement of rebar at the top and bottom faces of the slab and/or beams at all positions for the enveloped condition (considering strength requirement and minimum rebar for service condition when required per code) as shown in Figure 6.8-14.
FIGURE 6.8-14 INITIAL REBAR ARRANGEMENT
Use the Reinforcement Toolbar as described in Section 4.6.9 of this document to display/ hide rebar object in different layers and different directions.
6.8.7
Specify Base Reinforcement and Re-design It is often impractical and uneconomical to provide a design or rebar layout showing different sizes and spacing of rebar at different
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positions for construction. In review of the initial rebar layout for this tutorial model, it is important to consolidate size and spacing for groups of bars and determine a uniform rebar mesh, both the top and bottom layers, that will satisfy the initial requirement. Once this is done, the slab can be redesigned. Select the slab and click on the Mesh Reinforcement Wizard from the Reinforcement Toolbar. icon
A dialog box as shown in Figure 6.8-15 will be displayed. Specify the layer of reinforcement you are going to define as Bottom and use the Bar size option. For this example, specify #6 @ 10 in c/c in both the directions. Click on the Create button to add this rebar as user defined base reinforcement. Not that if you are using a different slab for the tutorial, determine what spacing and size of reinforcement is required as mesh rebar to satisfy the initial reinforcement output from the program.
FIGURE 6.8-15 AUTOMATIC MESH REINFORCEMENT DIALOG
Similarly, add #5 @ 9 in c/c as Top base reinforcement or what is required for the model you are using for this tutorial. After introducing new base reinforcing, the slab needs the design sections need to be redesigned and the reinforcement layout must be generated again from the FEM menu. The program will produce a new rebar drawing and display any additional rebar to the base reinforcing where required as shown in Figure 6.8-16.
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FIGURE 6.8-16 REBAR IN EXCESS OF BASE REBAR
Use the Display/Hide Rebar tool from the Reinforcement Toolbar to turn off the display of all rebar from the screen.
6.8.8
Punching Shear Check Use the menu item FEM >Punching Shear Check to perform a check of punching (two-way) shear for this slab. The program will show the following dialog when done.
FIGURE 6.8-17 PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK COMPLETION DIALOG
From the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar, click on the Display Punching Shear Design Outcome icon to view the results on screen. The Numerical Display icon must be active to view the stress ratios for either local axis (r or s) direction. There are 4 cases the program can report for design status. They are as follows: o OK calculated stresses are below allowable stresses o Reinforce- calculated stresses exceed allowable stresses and design code requires reinforcement o Exceeds Code design code requirements are not satisfied o NA- punching shear design is not applicable
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The punching shear results for this model are shown in Figure 6.8-18.
FIGURE 6.8-18 PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN OUTCOME
Further information related to punching shear including design parameters, actions, actual stress from shear and moments and allowable stress is included in the tabular output. The following is a description of how to generate this output. From the menu select Reports >Single Default Reports >Tabular >Punching Shear Desig. The user has the following options: o Punching Shear Stress Check Result o Punching Shear Stress Check Parameters, and o Punching Shear Reinforcement
An example of each is given in Figures 6.8-19 to 6.8-20.
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FIGURE 6.8-19 PUNCHING SHEAR STRESS CHECK RESULTS
FIGURE 6.8-20 PUNCHING SHEAR STRESS CHECK PARAMETERS
In this example since the stress ratio for all columns are less than 1, shear reinforcement is not required. In order to obtain a solution which requires shear reinforcement in order to display shear reinforcement output, the
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Strength combination was increased to include a factor of 2.0. The results from this design are shown in Figure 6.8-21.
FIGURE 6.8-21 PUNCHING SHEAR REINFORCEMENT
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ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND
Chapter 7
Chapter 7 ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND
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This section provides information on several aspects of the analysis and design features of ADAPT-MAT.
7.1
OVERVIEW ADAPT-MAT is a standalone computer program within the umbrella of the ADAPT-Builder software platform. It has been entirely developed by ADAPTs team of structural engineers and software developers in providing a complete analysis and design solution for mat and raft foundations. The program is the most comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FEM) analysis and design tool for conventionally reinforced or post-tensioned mat foundations, with or without grade beams. Using ADAPT's intuitive and easy-to-use Component Technology, it is the only solution available that also calculates the required reinforcement at all locations of the foundation automatically. Using ADAPT-MAT, you can quickly generate a graphical model of a ground supported slab mat with or without grade beams. The model can be generated using either an available DWG or DXF file of the foundation, or through user input. The mat can be of any irregular shape and subject to any kind of loading from above. Using an adaptive meshing and finite elements, the program analyzes the mat and determines the location, amount and length of all the reinforcement needed by computation. Where applicable, under horizontal loading or moments, the program accounts for the separation of a mat from the soil.
7.2
STRUCTURAL MODELING 7.2.1 Analysis The analysis processor of ADAPT-MAT is based on the finite element formulation developed and implemented in the ADAPT-Builder platform, with some modifications to cover the features that are specific to mat foundation analysis. The program uses almost entirely well-proportioned quadrilateral flat shell elements with bending and membrane degrees of freedom. Details of the formulation are given in the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual and its references. Walls are also represented by the same type of shell elements. Beams and columns are modeled as beam (stick) elements with six degrees of freedom at each node.
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Unlike many other commercially available programs, complete compatibility of displacement is established over the entire foundation system and among all its components. For example grade beams below the foundations are modeled eccentric to the slab = as they appear in real life = but are solved with full compatibility of displacement at their interface with the slab (equal strains in beam stem and slab at a common interface). Post-tensioned tendons, where present, are discretized into segments associated with each shell element they traverse. When force calculation is invoked by you, the force along each tendon varies as passes from one shell element into the next. The advanced and unique features of ADAPT-MAT have become possible due to a finite element formulation specifically developed for analysis of complex concrete structures, including post-tensioning [Aalami, 2003]. 7.2.2 Design The design involves (i) the calculation of design values (demand), (ii) the comparison with allowable limits of the building code selected by the user, and (iii) provisions of reinforcement, where applicable. The design values are determined in a manner similar to an elevated slab and are dependent on the generation of design sections associated with design strips (tributary regions) evolving from support lines. The procedure for creation of support lines and design sections is explained in detail in the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. The important point to note is that for each design section the builder platform determines the design values from the equilibrium of the finite element nodes, as opposed to the common practice of using the integration of stresses along a cut at the section. As a result, accurate design values are obtained for a relatively coarse finite element mesh [see ADAPT Technical Note TN302, Evaluation of Design Values at Design Sections Using ADAPT-Builder Platform].
7.3
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS 7.3.1 Soil Pressure In addition to the values reported for slabs (stresses, moments, etc.), similar to ADAPT-Floor Pro, the program also reports the distribution of
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soil pressure below a slab as indicated in Figure 7.3-1. The following in the interpretation and evaluation of soil pressure is noteworthy.
FIGURE 7.3-1 EXAMPLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE BELOW A MAT WITH FULL SOIL/MAT INTERFACE CONTACT
The raw data obtained from a finite element analysis, as shown in the figure above, is the distribution of stress at points below the foundation slab. From a practical point of view, however a high or low value of soil pressure at a point does not reflect the likely response of the soil that is of interest to design engineer. For an engineering evaluation, when dealing with a reinforced concrete slab resting freely on soil, one considers the average pressure over a minimum area of design significance. For concrete slabs resting on common soil1 a minimum diameter four to five times the slab thickness should be considered. In other words, at the location of design check, the distribution of soil stress reported below the slab, should be integrated over a design significant area to determine the total force. The total force over the design patch when divided over the area of the patch will yield the design stress to be compared with the allowable soil pressure for the soil.
Bulk modulus 100 to 200 pci
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7.3.2
Superposition In the general case, the principle of superposition of solutions obtained for different load cases does not apply to mat foundation slabs. Each solution obtained for a load combination is unique since a different set of boundary conditions applies to each. Even though the solutions obtained for the mat foundations are based on elastic material properties, the different amount of separation of soil from the mat between any two load cases creates a difference between the structural systems that carries the load in each of the two load cases. Once the structural systems changes, superposition does not apply.
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Adapt-Mat 2010 Manual

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STRUCTURAL CONCRETE SOFTWARE

QUICK START ............................................................................................... 21

USER INTERFACE ....................................................................................... 35 i

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS ...................................................... 55

ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................... 113 iii

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Chapter 2 BASIC FEATURES

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OVERVIEW This chapter explains the basic features of the program.

FIGURE 2.2-2 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SLAB WITH INTEGRATED GRADE BEAMS

(a) Elevator shaft model

(b) Pads below columns

FIGURE 2.3-1 STANDALONE AND INTEGRATED GRADE BEAMS

(a) deflected shape

(b) soil pressure

FIGURE 2.8-2 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE

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Chapter 3 QUICK START

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FIGURE 3.3-1 GRID SETTINGS

Building the Model

FIGURE 3.3-2 BUILD STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS MENU ITEM

FIGURE 3.3-3 TRANSFORM DRAWING ENTITIES MENU ITEM

FIGURE 3.3-4 SLAB REGION PROPERTY BOX

FIGURE 3.3-6 VIEW STRUCTURAL ENTITIES MENU ITEM

FIGURE 3.3-7 SPRING/SOIL SUPPORT MENU ITEM

FIGURE 3.3-8 PATCH LOAD DIALOG WINDOW

FIGURE 3.3-9 ADD LOAD MENU ITEM

FIGURE 3.3-10 SELECT/SET VIEW ITEMS DIALOG BOX (LOADS TAB)

FIGURE 3.3-11 FEM MENU

FIGURE 3.3-11 RESULTS DISPLAY OPTIONS IN ADVIEWER MODULE

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

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FIGURE 4.1-1 ADAPT BUILDER EXPRESS WORKFLOW

FIGURE 4.2-1 ADAPT BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN

FIGURE 4.3-1 ADAPT MODELER MAIN SCREEN IN MAT MODE

FIGURE 4.4-1 RIGHT-CLICK OPTIONS OF THE MOUSE

FIGURE 4.5-1 VERTICAL OFFSET OPTIONS IN ADAPT-MAT

FIGURE 4.6-1 TRANSFORM TO STRUCTURAL COMPONENT TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-2 SELECTION TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-3 SELECT LAYERS DIALOG WINDOW

FIGURE 4.6-4 SELECT BY TYPE DIALOG

FIGURE 4.6-5 CAMERA AND VIEWPORTS TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-6 SETTING TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-7 SNAP TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-8 MODEL/DESIGN STRIPS TOOLBAR

Display Strip X Display Strip Y 4.6.7 Modeling Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-9 MODELING TOOLBAR

Support Line/Results Scale Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-10 SUPPORT LINE/RESULTS SCALE TOOLBAR

FIGURE 4.6-11 REINFORCEMENT TOOLBAR (BASIC)

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

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MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS