Cell Biology I.

Cellular structure and function

1. Review basic concepts and new development 2. Current methodologies and techniques 3. Reading scientific literature 4. Research process Collect background information Identify scientific questions Find experimental approaches Process and interpret data Draw conclusions 5. Writing research proposals

Cell Biology I. Topics

Cell membrane and organelles Introduction of cell signaling Membrane trafficking, secretory and endocytic pathways Cytoskeleton Cell cycle

Cell membrane

Wenxia: Wenxia: 1. The concept 1. The concept of cells of cells 2. 2. Prokaryotic Prokaryotic cells, cells, eukaryotic eukaryotic cells, cells, mammalian mammalian cells cells Cell Cell membrane: membrane: plasma plasma membrane membrane and internal and internal membrane membrane

3. 3.

The bilayer structure of biomembranes

Wenxia: Wenxia: 1. Exoplasmic 1. Exoplasmic and cytosolic and cytosolic face and its face and its importance importance 2. 2.

The faces of cellular membrane

Compartmen Compartmen t twith single with single and double and double bilayers bilayers Different Different protein and protein and lipid lipid composition composition of different of different membranes membranes

3. 3.

Wenxia: Wenxia: The relationship The relationship of the head of the head group, fatty acid group, fatty acid and lipid and lipid composition with composition with the thickness, the thickness, curve and fluidity curve and fluidity of membrane of membrane

Three major classes of membrane lipids

Gel and fluid forms of the lipid bilayer

The fluid mosaic model of cell membrane

Initially proposed by Singer and Nicolson 1972

Proteins associated with the lipid bilayer

Transmembrane proteins

Glycophorin A

E. coli Porin

Proteins with covalently linked lipid anchors

adhesion molecules
glycosylphosphtidylinositol

Ras (a) Prenylation (b) Acylation

Src

Proteins binds to lipids

Lipid rafts
By Susan Pierce, Nature Reviews Immunology 2, 96105 (2002)

Lipid rafts

Atomic force microscopy

Fluorescence microscopy

Organelles of the eukaryotic cell

Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)

Dot plot of FACS

Purification of cell population by magnetic beads

Differential centrifugation is a common first step in fractionating a cell homogenate

Separation of subcellular organelle by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation

Fluorescence microscopy

Localization of the B cell antigen receptor in lipid rafts

Cholera toxin B subunits Anti-BCR antibody

Deconvolution fluorescence microscopy

DNA/microtubules/actin filaments

Transmission electron microscopy

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Journal discussion Singer S. J. and Nicolson G. L. The fluid mosaic model of the structure of cell membrane. 1972. Science 175: 720. Harder T., Scheiffele P., Verkade P. and Simons K. Lipid domain structure of the plasma membrane revealed by patching of membrane components. 1998. Journal of Cell Biology 141:929.