Chicago Manual and Harvard Style How to cite

26th July 2010

What is Plagiarism?
Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the offense: According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own to use (another's production) without crediting the source to commit literary theft to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source.

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Why should I cite sources?

not all sources are good or right citing sources shows the amount of research you've done. citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas. Basically, citing stuff and having more footnotes looks good.

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Citation
A "citation" is the way you acknowledge certain material if your work came from another source. It also gives your readers the information necessary to find that source again, including: information about the author the title of the work the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source the date your copy was published the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

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When do I need to cite?

Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge their source. The following situations almost always require citation:
whenever you use quotes whenever you paraphrase whenever you use an idea that someone else has already expressed whenever you make specific reference to the work of another whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing your own ideas.

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Different Styles
APA, MLA, Turabian, Chicago, Harvard etc etc.

Chicago Manual Humanities and social sciences

History IA, Econs IA, World Lit, TOK

Harvard Style Scientific essays

Bio, Chem, Physics IA or EEs

Chicago Manual General Format

Footnoting
First Name Last Name, Title. (City/Location: Publisher.,Year) page number.

Bibliography
Last Name, First Name. Title. City/Location: Publisher.,Year.

This is an element.

Chicago Manual Book;1 Author

Footnoting
John Bradley, The Russian Revolution. (New York: Bison Books Corp., 1988) 154.

Bibliography
Bradley, John. The Russian Revolution. New York: Bison Books Corp., 1988.

Book with editions Footnoting

Michael Lynch, Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924., 3rd ed. (London: Hodder Murray, 2005) 133.

Bibliography Lynch, Michael. Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894-1924. 3rd ed. London: Hodder Murray, 2005.

Chicago Manual Book; 2 Authors

Footnoting
Philip Catton and Graham MacDonald, eds., Karl Popper: Critical Appraisals. (New York: Routledge, 2004) 54.

Bibliography
Catton, Philip and Graham MacDonald, eds. Karl Popper: Critical Appraisals. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Chicago Manual Book; >3 Authors

Footnoting
V.P. Butt et al., eds., The Russian Civil War Documents from the Soviet Archives. (London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996) 43.

Bibliography Butt, V.P., A.B. Murphy, N.A. Myshov and G.R. Swain, eds. The Russian Civil War Documents from the Soviet Archives. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1996.

Chicago Manual Book; Translated

Footnoting
Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London: Methuen, 2005), 10.

Bibliography Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. Translated by Michael Meyer. London: Methuen, 2005.

Chicago Manual Website with Author

Footnoting
Gary Sheffield, The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?, BBC History: World War One. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/lions_donke ys_01.shtml> (accessed 10th January 2009).

Bibliography
Sheffield, Gary. The Western Front: Lions Led By Donkeys?, BBC History: World War One. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/lions_donke ys_01.shtml> (accessed 10th January 2009).

Chicago Manual Website without Author

Footnoting
AsiaOne Business, Singapore to tap reserves for first time, AsiaOne, 22nd January 2009. <http://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/My+Money/Story/A1 Story20090122-116519.html> (accessed 10th May 2009).

Bibliography AsiaOne Business. Singapore to tap reserves for first time, AsiaOne, 22nd January 2009. <http://www.asiaone.com/Business/News/My+Money/Stor y/A1Story20090122-116519.html> (accessed 10th May 2009).

Chicago Manual The use of ibid

Ibid the same place or above it How to use ibid:
Page 1 Henrik Ibsen, Hedda Gabler., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London: Methuen, 2005), 10. Ibid, 21. Page 2 Ibsen, 24. Ibid, 15. Ibid, 64. August Strindberg, Miss Julie., Trans. Michael Meyer. (London: Methuen, 2006), 6. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid, 14. Ibid.

Harvard Style General Format

Footnoting
Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City, Country, Page Number.

Bibliography
Last Name, First Name. (Year) Title, Edition, Publisher, City, Country, Page Number.

Harvard Style Book; 1 Author

Footnoting
Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd Ed., CRC Press, Florida, USA, p45.

Bibliography
Atlas, Ronald M. (2004) Handbook of Microbiological Media, 3rd Ed., CRC Press, Florida, USA.

Harvard Style Book; 3-5 Authors

Footnoting
Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK, p217.

Bibliography
Carlile M.J., Watkinson S.C. & Gooday G.W. (2001) The Fungi, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK.

Harvard Style Journal; 5 Authors

Footnoting
Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007) Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for reduction of fungi from sewage, Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China, p495.

Bibliography
Dehghani M.H., Mahvi A.H., Jahed G.R. & Sheikhi R. (2007) Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for reduction of fungi from sewage, Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 8 (7), Zhejiang University Science, Hangzhou, China, pp493-7.

Harvard Style Journal; >5 Authors

Footnoting
Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland, USA, p1176.

Bibliography
Kollar R., et al. (1997) Architecture of the Yeast Cell Wall, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (28), ASBMB, Maryland, USA, pp1170-8.

Harvard Style Website

Footnoting
Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer, http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.ht m, accessed 20/10/2008.

Bibliography
Hansen P.J. (2000) Use of a Hemacytometer, http://www.animal.ufl.edu/hansen/Protocols/hemacytometer.ht m, accessed 20/10/2008.

Shortcuts
Microsoft Word 2007 and later
Citations and Bibliography function

Websites
Easybib.com Just google it.

Final Notes

Alphabetical Order Just keep it consistent