Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc.

Maharlika Highway, RED-V, Lucena City

Biology March 8, 2012 8:30 9:30 am (Thursday) Section I. Objectives: After the class period the students are expected to: 1. Identify different application of genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture 2. Enumerate basic steps in recombinant DNA technology 3. Appreciate the benefits of biotechnology 4. Participate in class discussion Valuing: Appreciate the benefits of biotechnology II. Subject matter Topic Biotechnology Materials LCD Projector Cartolina (Red and Blue) Double Sided Tape Scissors White board Marker Reference Exploring life through Science, BIOLOGY, Phoenix pub. House, pp. 405-409 Phoenix Next Century Biology, Phoenix pub. House, pp. 150-15

III. Activities TEACHERS ACTIVITY A) PREPARATION Class Kindly fix your chairs STUDENTS ACTIVITY

Expected Response: Students will fix their chairs

Motivation Ok class, before we start I want you to be active so to have that assured, when I say class you will say yes The same manner how I say class the same manner you say Yes . Ok, Lets give it a try. Class Class, Class, Class Class, Class

Expected Response: Listen attentively

Expected Answer: Yes Expected Answer: Yes, Yes, Yes Expected Answer: Yes, Yes

Ok, now youre ready lets move on Expected Answer: Yes to our lesson, ok class

B) DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON Ok, students are you familiar with bagoong? (Show Picture) How does it taste? Do you know the process of manufacturing bagoong? If the student say yes; Ok, students how will you make a bagoong? If the students say no; Ok, bagoong is made through help of microorganism; through application of microorganism, are benefited, so like bagoong use it as a food and flavouring. Class Expected Answer: Yes

Expected Answer: It tastes salty. Expected Answer: Yes/No

Expected Answer: it is processed with the aid of microorganism

the Expected Response: Listening the we we

Expected Answer: Yes

What are other examples of Expected Answer: Cheese, Wine, Beer products which are produced through the application of microorganism? Show pictures of cheese, wine and Expected Response: Look at the pictures

beer. These products are produce with the Expected Response: Listen carefully application of microorganism. These products are beneficial to us.

So now, from the given example Expected Answer: The application of how will you define microorganism(biological concepts) Biotechnology? in order to produce products that would benefit humans is known as biotechnology. Very Good!

Biotechnology is the application of Expected Response: Listening biological concepts in order to produce products that would benefit human. Like the example a while ago we had the cheese, wine, bagoong through the application of microorganism we derive from those products. Are we clear? Again, what is biotechnology? Expected Answer: Yes Expected Answer: The application of biological concepts in order to produce products that would benefit humans is known as biotechnology.

Very Good! Ok, Class Class, Class, Class Who wants to be an engineer here someday, raise your hands? What does an Engineer do? Expected Answer: Yes Expected Answer: Yes, Yes, Yes Expected Response: (Some will raise their hands) Expected Answer: Engineers make engines or design things Expected Answer: knowledge

How do the engineers do these engines or how do they design things? Through the use of their?

Why do they create those things?

Expected Answer: To help the community, for practical use Expected Answer: An engineer use their knowledge to produce things of practical uses

Now, what is an engineer?

Very Good! So, an engineer uses their knowledge to produce things of particular uses, What now is the work of a genetic engineer? Expected Answer: Produce products for practical uses using their knowledge on genetics

So, genetic engineering is using knowledge in genetics for practical uses Again, what is genetic engineering?

Expected Response: Listening

Expected Response: Genetic engineering is using knowledge in genetics for practical uses Expected Answer: Yes

Do you encounter a person having diabetes? Why do you think they are suffering from this disease? Those who are suffering from diabetes are unable to produce sufficient amount of insulin, So through genetic engineering it helped on treating diabetes. How? Through recombination of DNA, the DNA of human which is for insulin is isolated and combined with bacterial DNA.

Expected Answer: Too much sugar intake

Expected Response: Listening

Expected Response: Listening

I will demonstrate it to you, Expected Response: Listening and Watching We have here a human gene attentively (present a cut blue circular cartolina) and a bacterial gene (present a cut red circular cartolina).

This first step is cutting or isolating the insulin DNA in the Human DNA. (cut the a piece on blue circular cartolina) ,then cut an opening on the bacterial DNA. The scissors represent the restriction enzymes. So, What does a restriction enzyme do?

Expected Response: Listening and Watching attentively

Expected Answer: It is used in cutting DNA (molecules).

The second step is that the isolated Expected Response: Listening and Watching human gene is attached to the attentively opening of bacterial gene. Here, we will use a double sided tape as the representation of enzyme ligase.(the edges of the blue cartolina to the cut edges of red cartolina) So, what does enzyme ligase do? Expected answer: It is a mean of attaching 2 DNA (molecules).

This resulting DNA, which is the combination 2 or more DNA is called Recombinant DNA. Now when Recombinant DNA is produced, the bacteria is allowed to reproduce so that the recombinant DNA will be duplicated. Having the gene for insulin, now the bacteria eill produce Insulin and that will be now refined and made as a medicine. Again, What is the first step to undergo recombination of DNA? What enzyme will you use to cut the DNA? What is now the second step after cutting the DNA? What enzyme is used to attach 2 genetic molecules? Class Expected Answer: Cut the DNA Expected Answer: Restriction Enzyme Expected Answer: Combination of the DNA Expected Answer: Ligase

Expected Answer: Yes

What do You call now the organism Expected Answer: GMO or Genetically that bares the Recombinant DNA? Modified Organism So, examples of GMO are tomato or FLvr Savr Tomato, Seedless Watermelon and Grapes and many more. (Show pictures of GMOs) Class Get your partner; discuss to yourselves the advantage and disadvantage of genetic engineering or biotechnology in agriculture and medicine. Ill give you 5 minutes to do that. Go! Class What have you discussed, What are the advantage of Genetic Engineering or Biotechnology to Agriculture and Medicine? Expected Answer: Yes Expected Response: they will discuss to their partner the advantage and disadvantage of Genetic Engineering.

Expected Answer: Yes Expected Answer: In Agriculture, there will be enough supply of food, improve the characteristic of crop or fruits. In medicine, there will be production of drug to treat disease. Expected Answer: In Agriculture there might be hazards such as poisoning on using genetic engineering or biotechnology In medicine, there will be in danger of inheritance of disease, Some scientists believe that introducing genetically modified genes may have an irreversible effect with consequences yet unknown and moral issues.

Ok, How about the disadvantage?

C. Generalization Again, How will you define Genetic Engineering?

Expected Answer: Genetic Engineering is the use of knowledge in genetics for practical use Expected Answer: 1. Cut the DNA 2. Recombination of DNA

What are the basic Steps in recombination of DNA?

IV. Evaluation Get crosswise of pad paper. A. What are the basic steps in Recombination of DNA? B. Write 1 disadvantage and advantage of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology on the field of Agriculture and Medicine.

V. Assignment Read about Evolution Prepared by: Norman E. Daez BSE III Biology

Calayan Educational Foundation, Inc. Maharlika Highway, RED-V, Lucena City

English II March 13, 2012 8:30 9:30 am (Thursday)

I. Objectives:

After the class period the students are expected to:

1.

Compare persons, places or things using the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives

2. Use the comparative and superlative degree on adjectives in sentences correctly 3. Differentiate characteristic of objects through comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives 4. Write sentences using comparative and superlative degrees of objectives. Valuing: Appreciate the uniqueness of every individual. II. Subject Matter Topic Adjectives: Comparative and Superlative degrees Materials White board marker Flat Pictures (Cheetah, Tiger, Cats, Eagle, Birds, etc.) Reference Rowena M. Liu, Skillbook in communication arts, English II, pp. 27-31

III. Activities

TEACHERS ACTIVITY
A)PREPARTION Class kindly fix your chairs Motivation Ok class, what do you see? (Show pictures) Are you familiar with these animals?

STUDENTS ACTIVITY
Expected Response: Students will fix their chairs

Expected Response: Animals Expected Response: Yes

What do you call this animal? (Point out one by one) What is the characteristic of a cheetah? Class, do you think tigers are faster than cheetah? Very good! Cheetah is faster than tiger. But, what do you think is the advantage of tigers to cheetah? Very Good! Tigers are bigger than cheetah. Now, What can you say about the eagle and the pigeon

Expected Response: Cheetah, Tiger, Eagle, Pigeon Expected Response: It can run very fast Expected Response: No

Expected Response: Tigers are bigger than cheetah.

Expected Response: The eagle is bigger than the pigeon. The eagle has larger wings than the pigeon. The pigeon is smaller than the eagle. Eagle is wilder than the pigeon.

Very Good! Reiterate the good points that the students said. Value Incorporation Even though animals are different, each has its unique characteristics that are on their advantage, like cheetah and tigers. The cheetah is faster, while tigers are bigger. Like every one of us, we are unique from the other so we need to appreciate our own self. Right class? B)Lesson Development Ok class, lets have a recap. Class what is an adjective? Very Good! Ok class what are the types of adjectives?

Expected Response: Yes!

Expected Response: An adjective is that part of speech used or limit a noun or a noun equivalent.

Expected Response: Descriptive adjectives, Limiting Adjectives, Prominal Adjectives and proper adjectives

Very good Class give example of Descriptive Adjectives? Very Good, Descriptive Adjectives modify nouns by naming the quality or condition of the person,, thing, or place named. Class give examples of Limiting Adjectives? Expected Response: A teacher, An engineer, the school house, the butterfly Expected Response: Difficult, Blue, Poor, Pretty, Intelligent

Very Good, Limiting adjectives is used to point out the place or thing referred to Class what are the types of prominal adjectives and give example for each. Expected Response: Possessive My book Demonstrative This fan Interrogative Whose book is lost? Relative She could Identify the person whose bag was lost? Indefinite - Any book Numeral Cardinal: One book Ordinal: First book

Very Good! Prominal objectives are pronouns used as modifiers. Lastly proper adjectives are derived from proper noun. What are examples? Lets now go to adjectives of comparison Comparison is the inflection of an adjective to indicate an increasing or decreasing degree of quality or quantity. An adjective has three characteristic forms to signify comparison: positive, comparative and the superlative degrees We use positive degree when we make no particular comparison. The comparative degree indicates that the quality and the quantity is higher in degree in comparison to some standard expressed by positive degree. It is used when we compare one object, person, or place or group with another. Superlative degree indicates that the quality and quantity is at its highest or is most intense. Class, in comparative degree, we formed it by two ways, first is by adding er. Those ending in y to I add er. A single final consonant, when preceded by a single accented vowel is doubled. Example, we have the word sharp in positive degree. Class how will we make it in comparative degree? Very good! Now, what is the comparative form of sharp? Expected Response: Sharper Expected Response: by adding ER Expected Response: French possessions

How about, the adjective Dirty?

Expected Response: the ending y will be change to I and add er

Very Good! Now what is the comparative form of Dirty? So, lets use it in a sentence. Remember that in comparative we compare one object to the other. So using the word sharp, we could come up: His knife is sharper than your knife. Ok, class form a sentence using the word Tiny. Very Good! Another one, use the adjective Tall. Expected Response : (Classmate/anyone) is taller than (Classmate/anyone) Expected Response: An ant is tinier than a cockroach. Expected Response: Dirtier

Ok, class there are adjectives with two syllables and all adjectives with more than two syllables use more or less to form comparative degree. Example the word careless, we cant say carelesser, so we will add more and less. So class what will be the comparative form of careless. Another example is the efficient. What is the comparative form of efficient? Lets go to the superlative degree of the adjective. It is formed by adding est or by using most. Those in comparative with more or less form from the superlative with most or least. Lets have the word cheap. What is the comparative form of cheap? Very Good! What is its superlative form? Very Good! Remember that we compare one object or group with two or more. Lets use the word cheapest. Expected Response: Cheapest Expected Response: Cheaper Expected Response: More efficient

Here project is the cheapest among all the projects that had been made. Class, can you make a sentence in superlative form using the words clear. Very Good! Ok class, use the sentence expensive. Expected Response: She used her most expensive jewel for the ball. Expected Response: The seas of Philippines are the clearest water in the world.

There are adjectives that have irregular comparison. They form the comparative and the superlative by a change in the words themselves. Like Good, Better, Best. Bad, Worse, and Worst. Class, I want you to form in dyads, Form 1 comparative and superlative by using the following words. 1. Honest 2. Fast 3. Difficult 4. Light 5. Cooperative The following be answered, Honest (more honest, most honest), Fast(faster, fastest), Difficult (More difficult, most difficult), Light (Lighter, Lightest), Cooperative (More cooperative, most cooperative). C) Generalization What is comparison? Expected Response: Comparison is the inflection of an adjective to indicate increasing degree of quantity and quality. Expected Response: It indicates that the quantity or quality is higher in degree in comparison to some standard expressed by the positive degree. Expected Response: It indicates that the quality or quantity is at its highest or it most intense.

What does an adjective in comparative degree indicates?

What does an adjective in superlative degree indicates? D)Exercise Direction: Underline all the adjectives in the following sentences. Write the comparative degree and superlative degree of each adjective..

1. This place is a favourite venue for elegant celebration like weddings and anniversaries. 2. A prominent guest list usually goes hand in hand with a grand affair. 3. She was not openly hostile, but neither was she friendly. 4. A rubber tree is a small factory, non-polluting and efficient. 5. Experts agree that regular exercise program will increase in oxygen intake to the brain.

IV. Assessment Direction: Correct all errors in the use of adjectives that you find in the following sentences by rewriting them. If the sentence is correct write C only. 1. Who is the best pitcher Alex or Francis? 2. Is the worlds climate getting warmest? 3. I think Kevin is as intelligent or most intelligent than Joe? 4. Gone with the wind is longer than any book that I have ever read. 5. Dan is the stronger of all the boys in the class. 6. The farmer sold the most fertile half of his farmland. 7. He was evidently putting his better foot forward. 8. He had the worst of the bargain. 9. Of the twins, everyone admires Mark best. 10. Francis is the more intelligent student in the class. V. Assignment Construct 5 sentences using comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives.