Modular forms (Lent 2007) Example sheet 1

3. Consider that terms show that equation 4. Let

where

and is a constant.

5. Use the differential equation satised by and the Laurent expansion to show that each a polynomial in and with positive, rational coefcients. [First obtain the relation .] 6. Show that Deduce that if if and only if (a) (b) for is an oriented basis for a lattice then . . (where

is the imaginary part of ). for is oriented

7. Determine a point in the fundamental domain

, which is equivalent modulo

to

8. Prove that any modular form of odd weight is 0. (Hint: of weight not divisible by 4 vanishes at . (Hint: divisible by 6 vanishes at

.) Prove that any modular form

.) Prove that any modular form of weight not .) Prove that and

. (Hint:

be a holomorphic modular form without zeros (in ). Prove that 9. Let of the discriminant . 10. Prove that and .

is a constant multiple of a power

11. Show that the Riemann sphere can be identied with

Write

for the equivalence class of and

. Exhibit a complex structure using the open subsets and give the transition map.

[Comments and corrections on this Example sheet to T.Berger@dpmms.cam.ac.uk]

Prove the stronger statements that

has a triple zero at , and

has a double zero at .

z ! b Q % w ty  e Q ! bc A o! bc ) XA  kQ j p F ) !

F 9 h! ba

i F iP! 

2 2 2 2 2 @F y ! D y  &F }F2 y ! D y  i y i y ! yR y ! XD y  y ' !! ' F t i R i  e '  ! '  2 22 $2 nj 2 2 Ql j l F l j n j l j F j ' p D e ! 9 S  ! S  P!  me 9 t ! a @Pme  F i F a ! Ca i a F me i ! g Q }% vmi e mi e 2 a UQ 2 n TT I lI !  z ! g Q % R 2 w ty  Q Q ` 2 R Q #8 2 # z # # z z# xT u # !  ~| F w ut !S  s$r ! s  Q % w yt  S  $sr Q Y v w yt Pv} {! xT vy $sr 9 t Q q n l !  mj !  mj ! bc A 9 9t "   !  h F ! h  t %%i## 9 !" h  fu" g 2 g R fe dU!#  A e! bB A  ! u! CB F ! ! e yw y  y  xF Q v V i 7 ! 2Q  gcA A dcba A ipFh! I Q"2)UT A  A e I H ! D fF ! ! P CB A GFE! CB A ' 2 1 4  )1 5 4 3 0(
. Show that and deduce that . For what ? has simple zeros at . Show that does the complex torus . Using be an even elliptic function with period lattice . Prove that if if

2. Let

be a lattice in . The series

is convergent for

1. Let

be an elliptic function with period lattice . Prove that

t I V u' s % `r! IQ  A q2UTQ PS!RF Q 2Q SR 2Q A e H I I ! CB A Q Y`V F ! VHXBWCV A 9 7 @86 &$#"   % ! 
. .

prove . By computing some dominant correspond to the elliptic curve with

can be written as