Submitted to: Dr. Daniel Asmar and Mr.Bassam Jalgha Date: Monday, November 21, 2011
Group Members:
Samer Bu Jawde-200902075 Charbel Azzi-201002385
Table of Content
1. The Logic Design 2. The Infrareds Circuit 3. The Steering circuit 4. The Timers Circuit 5. The Car Hack Circuit 6. The Light and Fire Circuit 7. The Password Circuit 8. Appendix (Photos & Videos) P. 2 P. 3 P. 4 P. 5 P.6 P.8 P.9 P.11
Here F1 consists of the case where the car has to steer right and the F2 represents the case were the car has to steer left 4. Applying the sum of products theory : F1=MLR and
Line Following Car F2=MLR So two AND-Gates each with 3 inputs-1 Output are needed. But the outputs of the Flip Flop Q and Q can deal with our two cases here, by connecting Q to L and Q to R we eventually obtain F1=MQQ=MQ and F2=M(Q)Q=MQQ=MQ. So the 2 cases are reduced to two AND-Gates with 2 inputs-1 output.
Figure 1: Infrared Circuit As shown in figure 1, three infrareds were use, one emitter and one receiver (phototransitor) long with their corresponding voltage dividers. The power for the car this circuit was supplied by a 9V
Figure 2: Steering Circuit The two outputs pins of the comparator corresponding to the left and right infrareds are connected to J and K inputs of a JK flip flop as shown in Figure 2. The two outputs Q and Q are to be
Figure 3: Timers Circuit Figures 3 shows the circuit of two 555Timers that are both used in the Astable Mode . The First one is dedicated for the flip flop clock in order to obtain a PWM that triggers it at it decreasing edge. The
Figure 4: Car Hacked Circuit Instead of building our H-Bridge circuit using the L298, which is straight forward, we decided to Hack the car built-in circuit. After studying carefully all the car circuit (which is one of the coolest things is this project), the best way to hack the cars H-Bridge was by cutting the left and right pins of the microcontroller and connect to them their corresponding output pins from the AND-Gate of figure 3 (as shown in figure 4). By hacking the car circuit we came up with an extra feature that allows to control the
As shown in Figure 5, A voltage divider of 1K along with three resistors in series (sum of them is 1.69K) were used to obtain the right calibrated (reference)voltage for the photoresistance and the RTD sensor. Also 2 identical voltage dividers form the photoresistance and RTD circuit. The output of the photoresistance is to be compared with the reference voltage in order to detect light and when this comparison is positive(no light exists) a 5V will be transferred to a LED that will light. For the RTD it functioned in an opposite way, thats why the reference voltage is the positive one here. When this difference becomes positive(voltage across the RTD decreases less than the reference voltage indicating an increase in temperature) a buzzer will be turned ON as a fire alarm.
Further Explanation for the circuit: -So how does the circuit operate? As stated earlier, it is semi-sequential in the senses that the first button (located to your left in the image) must be pressed for the power to reach the second button. Then the second button should be pushed down. For the third button to be on, the first and second buttons should be on, and ones thumb should be on the LDR. -But what is it about the LDR? The LDR is sensitive to light, in other words its resistance and thus the voltage upon it varies with light, so when one puts his thumb on the LDR he is controlling the voltage. The output of the LDR is connected to the comparator. This voltage is compared by the reference set to the comparator. Depending on the comparison the output will be either zero or 5V. Thus this particular combination will allow the third bottom to be on. -Then what? When button 3 is on it controls the op-amp. In other words, when it is pressed it will connect zero to the clock and 5V to the clear. Here one must note that J is connected to 5V and K is connected to ground. And so in such setup, the output of the flip-flop is 5V. Careful! Ones thumb should remain on the LDR.
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Thus the green led will light, and in case the password was incorrect the orange led along with the buzzer will be on. A schematic of the circuit is shown below. Please note that though the schematic reflects the main concepts of the circuit, it is not accurately constructed as was on the breadboard due to differences in the program Eagle and what was actually done, yet again, we are quite certain that the function and concepts remain the same.
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Photo 3: Steering Circuit (see Figure 2) and The Hack remote control circuit (see Figure 4) (Note that one of the flip flops has its legs cut off because as said before due to power issues we disconnected this flip flop and its corresponding AND-Gate legs from the car hacked circuit)
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