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use
1.15 billion landlines 1.4 billion PCs of any kind in use 1.5 billion Credit Card holders 1.6 billion TV homes 1.8 billion Internet users 4 billion FM radio users 5.2 billion mobile phone
subscriptions 3.7B unique users, 75% global per addressable capita penetration
New Devices
More Broadband
New Pricing
New Applications
95+% revenue from voice Point to point business model Consumption charged Internet Voice is free Flat Internet More and more for same price Faster and faster
1900
30 years of Mobile telecoms
1990
2011
95+% revenue from voice Consumption charged Internet Voice is free Point to point business model More and more for same price Faster and faster Flat Internet
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39x Growth
1000
Growth
100
10
1 1990
Source: Agilent
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
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For Business
For Consumer
Voice & Unified Communication Video call & VOIP Services VPN & IPSEC Security
Video call & VOIP services WiFi Offloading Cloud computing Pushed banner pack Entertainment Gaming
Seamless connectivity
Corporate access & VDI / VxI Cloud computing
Take anywhere
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capacity and reduce 3G data traffic overload by offloading traffic with SP Wi-Fi.
Monetization creates new revenue
streams by taking advantage of advanced technology that provides secure delivery of location-based services to mobile devices
Churn Reduction expand a
physical footprint with a cost-effective Wi-Fi solution to keep customers on the service provider network as they move from home to the train to the office.
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Residential
Biggest impact Encourage users to configure it Possible client Strategically important Linked in with wider Enterprise play
Enterprise
Indoor Hotspot
Outdoor Hotspot
Key for Macro offload in busy cells Possible use for fixed broadband
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Why Wi-Fi ?
Optimising infrastructure costs & reducing cost of delivery Creating & monetising new business opportunities Increasing average user experience and .. happiness
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Jim Tavares, Director Strategy & Business Development Cisco Services May, 2011
Internet
Application Partners
AAA
WCS
Policy Mgmt
Svcs Reporting
CUWN WLC
Indoor Hotspot
Metro WiFi
SMB Managed AP
Residential Managed AP
Residential Access
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Wi-Fi broadband connectivity free to 3 MSOs (TWC, Comcast, Cablevision) More than 5M subs
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People activating the service at home can connect on other residential hotspots Large Scale Requirements (Million of APs, Million of IP addresses)
Security requirements for private / public traffic segregation, fraud prevention and billing Roaming requirement between APs
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Carrier-Grade
Unified Architecture
Seamless Experience Converged Packet
CAR/CNR UCS
Wireless Control System (WCS)
MSP Credentials
Internet
Core
IP Backhaul
IP Core
Partner Network
Access Radio
SMB Managed AP
WLC for On Premise Content
Indoor Hotspot
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CAR/CNR
WLC
ASR 5000
WCS
Service Control
Bandwidth Monitoring and Management Policy Definitions Subscriber Database Management Billing and OSS Systems
Reliable Hardware
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ClientLink
Best in class RRM coupled with legacy beamforming to deliver focused power to clients. Improves Network Throughput and Coverage Sophisticated Spectrum Intelligence to monitor the airwaves, detect, locate & classify interference, alert IT and automatically reconfigure the network to avoid. Improves Network Reliability Optimized RF utilization by moving 5 GHz capable client out of the congested 2.4 GHz channels. Improves Network Throughput
CleanAir
Band Select
Video Stream
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Extends reliable multicast into the wireless network by converting multicast to unicast at the AP Efficient Video over WLAN
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Provisioning Image
download automatically
Self-configuring, Zero-
touch configuration
Operational management
through CAPWAP standard interface. WCS used for operational view and reporting.
RF Management , RRM
Controller
Web Auth
WISPr 1.0
Apple iPhone
WISPr 2.0
HS2.0
1997
1999
2003
2007
2010
2011
Untrusted WiFi Network Web based Auth / No Encryption Mostly Hotspot side business Portal Page Auto Portal Page Username Password
802.1x 802.11i
EAP-FAST EAP-SIM EAP-TLS
Username Password
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Operators
ATT Aircel British Telecom CSL China Mobile Comcast Deutsche Telekom Du FON Freedom4 Gowex KDDI KT IND SAT M2 Meteor Network NTT Communications NTT DoCoMo Orange PCCW Softbank Tata Telecom Italia Telefonica Tomizone TTNet True Telecom Turk Telecom Verizon Wireless Vex YTL Solutions
Vendors
Aruba Bel-Air Broadhop Cisco Google GreenPacket Intel Meru Ruckus Skype
Board of Directors
Europe: British Telecom (Chair) Orange (Co-chair) Portugal Telecom
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3G-Like Experience
Context-Aware Services
SP name HS 2.0
SP name HS 2.0
SP Name 3G
Phone or MID
Associated Technologies
Associated Technologies
802.11u 802.1x
Universal Credentials:
SP name HS 2.0 Dynamic Icon Bar
HS2.0 Home SP
SP name HS 2.0
Visited SP 3G
HS2.0 Roaming
MN
AP/WLC
AS
Beacon (Interworking, Roaming Consortium) Mobile decides to associate with WLAN GAS-Initial-Req (NAI Realm List) GAS-Initial-Resp (NAI Realm List)
4-Way Handshake
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B4 Internet
B5 ASRA
B6 ESR
This element is in beacons and probe responses Network type: One of: {private | private with guest access | chargeable | free} STAs can selectively scan for desired network type Internet: set to 1 if SSID provides internet access
ESR (emergency services reachable): set to 1 if emergency services are UESA (un-authenticated emergency services accessible): set to 1 if emergency
services are accessible for terminals not having valid security credentials on this SSID
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Venue information: extensive table of venue groups and venue types to aid client in culling
HESSID: Globally unique network identifierSPs can now uniquely identify each of their
networks
Used in conjunction with SSID SSID can be set by user to anything (e.g., how many Linksys-g SSIDs are out there?) HESSID value is assigned to be one of the MAC addresses of an AP in the network/ESS
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This element is in beacons and probe responses Client scans & receives beacon having this element and can
quickly determine if there are any Wi-Fi networks for which it has valid security credentials
Each SP or consortium of SPs must register with IEEE to obtain OI Element gives OI for top 3 SPs (or consortium of SPs) having
roaming agreements with Wi-Fi access network provider; remainder available via GAS-ANQP query
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User selects private SSID and associates with the Wi-Fi access Authentication is done at WLAN access level (WEP, WPA) Direct Traffic Offload, Mobile operator is loosing control over the offloaded traffic
HLR/ HSS Radio Access Network Mobile Packet Core SGSN GGSN
Internet
Cellular Network
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Walled Garden
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User selects eligible SSID and associates with Wi-Fi Authentication is done via a EAP (e.g. EAP-SIM/AKA) at the access network level Requires centralized address management and high end scaling of the residential gateway aggregation (SP-WIFI architecture) Optionally, operator may enforce some policies (QoS, DPI, etc.) and allow walled garden access
Internet
Cellular Network
Walled Garden
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User selects open SSID and associates with Wi-Fi Authentication is done via a EAP-SIM/AKA over IKEv2 User device establishes IPSec TTG, PDG or ePDG GTP or PMIPv6 provide network based mobility GGSN/PDG/PGW provides access to mobile Internet services & enforces policies
AAA/PCRF Metro Aggregation Network IPSEC RADIUS DIAMETER MAP Public Hotspot (private or open SSID) Radio Access Network HLR/ HSS Mobile Packet Core SGSN GGSN (PGW) TTG (ePDG) GTP (PMIPv6) Internet
Cellular Network
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Walled Garden
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Overlay Models
Session Anchoring in Mobile Packet Core
Cooperative Models
Session Anchoring in Mobile Packet Core Fixed Broadband BNG involved as first hop device Leverage Cisco Adaptive Intelligent Routing (AIR) Models :
Client Centric : S2b, S2c with ePDG/LMA on BNG Edge Gway Network Centric : S2a with MAG on BNG
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AAA / PCRF
netlmn
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AAA / BCRF
AAA / PCRF
Interworking
Wifi RG IPSEC / IKEv2 Internet And Walled Garden
PMIPv6 PGW
Wifi Zone
BNG TTG-ePDG
IP Aggregation And Core
GTP GGSN
BNG performs Mobile Access Gateway function and interworks with PGW (with PMIP) or GGSN (with GTP) BNG provides IPSEC / IKEv2 connectivity on customer side to aggregate end users In that case BNG performs TTG or ePDG functions as defined at 3GPP
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37
AAA / BCRF
AAA / PCRF
Overlay Model
Wifi RG Overlay Tunnel (PMIP) Internet And Walled Garden
Residential Gateway or End User device interwork with Mobile Packet Core without any assistance from the fixed network except IP connectivity
RG based model : Residential Gateway setup a PMIPv6 tunnel towards the PGW/ePDG
Client centric based model : UE setup an IPSEC/IKEv2 tunnel towards the PDG/ePDG
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38
AAA / BCRF
AAA / PCRF
Traffic
BNG Wifi Zone IP Aggregation And Core AAA / BCRF Mobile Packet Core AAA / PCRF GGSN/PGW
Traffic
BNG Wifi Zone GGSN/PGW
Local Breakout
IP Aggregation And Core
Mobile Packet Core Internet
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levels. However, in practical terms only few options make sense and can be supported
Filter Destination Prefix IP Flow Tuple Application Granularity Access Network Identifiers APN (PDN Identifier) Location { Except-Offload-All Rule } Scope Operator value added services src/dst address, src/dest port Application identifiers (Dest Port or IP Address) SSID With single APN support for WLAN access, not an option for IPv4 MAG IP Address The approach of VPN Split Tunneling
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F1 F2
Interface-1
MAG
VLAN-0 VLAN-1 (802.1q)
Access
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AAA
EAPOL 802.11i
AAA / BCRF
AAA / HLR
EAP/IKEv2
EAP/RADIUS Internet And Walled Garden PDG/ePDG PGW Mobile Packet Core
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Network Based Mobility Home IP Tunnel (IPSEC, MIP) Address (constant) Visited IP Address (changing)
PGW
Content / Application
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802.11 AP
HOTSPOT STADIUM
RESIDENTIAL
Mobile Packet Core PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/a) Residential CPE Mobile Packet Core PDN Gateway (HA/LMA)
DSL Cable PMIPv6 (3GPP S2/b) PMIPv6 (3GPP (3GPP S2/c) DSMIPv6 S2/b) DSMIPv6 (3GPP S2/c)
IPSec Access
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MACRO ACCESS
Macro Network
802.11 AP
HOTSPOT STADIUM
RESIDENTIAL
IPSec Access
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MACRO ACCESS
Macro Network
Client Strategies
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Base Client
Applications
Native CM GUI
DB
DB
SIM
Native Interfaces
Identities
Certs
User/pwd
Dynamic
Logging
WiFi 3G CDMA WiMAX Satellite Ethernet Event Logic / Connection Policies Rules / PRE
Client Provisioning
HS 2.0
WISPR
Satellite IP
Satellite
OS APIs
OS CM API
OS Power API
OS Location API
OS EAP API
Interfaces
Ethernet
49
WiMAX
CDMA
WiFi
3G
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Ethernet IP
WiMAX IP
CDMA IP
WiFi IP
3G IP
Other GUI I-WLAN Other GUI VPN Native CM GUI Video Client
DRM
CSF
DB
DB
RSVP
SIM
Virtual Interface
Identities
CDP
Logging
LLDP
VPN Logic
WiFi 3G CDMA WiMAX Satellite Ethernet Cisco WISPR Event Logic / Connection Policies Rules / PRE
ANDS F/HS2. 0
HS2.0 Satellite IP
Satellite
OS APIs
OS MDM API
OS OMADM API
OS CM API
OS Power API
OS Location API
OS EAP API
Interfaces
Ethernet
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WiMAX
CDMA
WiFi
3G
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Ethernet IP
WiMAX IP
CDMA IP
WiFi IP
3G IP
Networks are (and have always been) sized for the busy hour Video has driven the busy hour into the evening (when subscribers are
home)
This movement allows femto & wifi small cells to directly offload macro
Load
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 0
2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Load
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Hour
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Macro Network A very expensive asset from a capex and opex perspective, but It is fully utilized in the busy hour
Femto & WiFi Small Cells A very inexpensive asset from a capex and opex perspective, but it may only be partially utilized in the busy hour
Macro Cost ($/Mbps) Opex & Capex Max Theoretical Busy Hour Capacity Femto & Wi-Fi Cost ($/Mbps) Opex & Capex Actual Busy Hour Usage
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$/GB
$/GB
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$/Month
30
25
20
Macro 1 Carrier Macro 2 Carrier 15 Macro 3 Carrier Femto/WiFi 1 year depreciation Femto/WiFi 3 year depreciation Femto/WiFi subscriber purchase 10
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Macrocells and Small Cells have very different cost models Macro is pay as you go Small cells are all you can eat $1.5 GB per month in subscriber use
is the common cost crossover point for small cells and macro cells
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Why Wi-Fi ?
Optimising infrastructure costs & reducing cost of delivery Creating & monetising new business opportunities Increasing average user experience and .. happiness
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Thank you.