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EM/JAN 2012/KJM442/386

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

HEAT AND FLUID KJM442/386 JANUARY 2012 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. 4. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty a Property Tables Booklet - provided by the Faculty a one - page Appendix 1

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 1 a)

EM/JAN 2012/KJM442/386

Describe what is meant by the thermal resistance of a medium? Using relevant diagram, explain the difference between a single-layer plane wall and a multi-layer composite wall thermal resistance network. (6 marks) A steam pipe of 150 mm outside diameter containing wet steam is insulated with an inner layer of diatomiceous earth of 40 mm thick and an outer layer of magnesia of 25 mm thick. The inside surface temperature of the pipe is considered same as the steam temperature. The thermal conductivities of diatomiceous earth and magnesia are 0.09 W/m. C and 0.06 W/m. C, respectively. The atmospheric temperature is measured at 20C. The rate of heat loss by the steam per unit length of the pipe is 156 W/m. Neglecting radiation and the thermal resistance of the pipe wall, calculate: i) the coefficient of convection which must be maintained on the outer surface of the insulation to ensure that the outer surface temperature does not exceed 30C, and the temperature of the steam inside the pipe. (14 marks)

b)

ii)

QUESTION 2 The displacement volume of single cylinder internal combustion engine is 0.4 L. The processes within each cylinder of the engine are modeled as an air standard dual cycle with a cut off ratio of 1.5. The state of air at the beginning of the compression is fixed by PT = 101 kPa, T,= 28C, and V ^ 0.44 L. If the maximum cycle temperature is 1360 K, determine: a) b) c) the compression ratio, the thermal efficiency, and the mean effective pressure. (20 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 3

EM/JAN 2012/KJM442/386

An ideal gas turbine with two-stage compression and two-stage expansion has an overall pressure ratio of 9.1:1. Air enters each stage of the compressor at 288 K and each stage of turbine at 1500 K. A regenerator has been attached in this gas turbine with the effectiveness of 75%. Determine: a) b) the back work ratio, and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

Assume constant specific heats for air at room temperature. Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K and Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg.K. R = 0.2870 kJ/kg.K k = Cp/Cv=1.4 (20 marks)

QUESTION 4 a) List four air-conditioning processes. (4 marks) b) Atmospheric air at 10C and 40 percent relative humidity flows at a rate of 20 m3/min. It is first humidified by the injection of steam to 20C and 80 percent relative humidity. The air is then passed through a 3.15 kW heating coil. Assuming the entire processes take place at 100 kPa, determine: i) ii) the mass flow rate of steam required at the humidifying section, and the final temperature of the air. (16 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 5

EM/JAN 2012/KJM442/386

A tanker shown in Figure Q5 is to be filled with fuel oil with density p = 32Qkg/m3 and viscosity {j, = Q.045kg/ms from an underground reservoir using a 20 m long, 5 cm diameter plastic hose (smooth pipe) with a slightly rounded entrance KL = 0.03) and two 90 smooth bends KL = 0.3). The elevation difference between the oil level in the reservoir and the top of the tanker where the hose is discharged is 5 m. The capacity of the tanker is 18 m3, and the filling time is 30 minutes. Assuming the pressure inside the tanker is equal to the pressure inside the reservoir, determine the required power input to the pump if the pump efficiency is 85%.

Figure Q5 (20 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL EQUATION TABLE

APPENDIX 1

EM/JAN 2012/KJM442/386

Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics (Closed cycle)

Heat Transfer Thermal Resistance for Convection RConvection

W_. + ^ QneU=AEsystem net,out net,in -' s

First Law of Thermodynamics (Closed cycle)
^in ~ ^out

1 hA, L kA, 1
h A "Radiation ^S

Thermal Resistance for Convection

Rr

Ideal Gas Equation Pv = RT Isentropic Process

(

Thermal Resistance for Radiation

RB
Fluid Mechanics

N(r-0/r

K*U

( Y" 1
\V2J

Continuity Equation Q = VA Reynolds Number

Thermal Efficiency,

_ Desired Output
Required Input Effectiveness of Regenerator
E=
Hregen,acl l regen.max

Re =
Friction Loss in Pipe

pVD
M

D2g Bernoulli's Equation (in term of head)

Air Conditioning Pressure Specific Humidity

P V2 P V2 L L + - - + zl+hp= + ^^ + z2 + hT + hL Pg 2g Pg 2g
Friction factor, f (by S. E. Haaland)

0.622P.,
CD =

P-P
V

V7

1.8 log

6 ! 9 + r AD Re I 3.7

Relative Humidity

mv

coP

mg (0.622 + o))Pg Mass Balance For Adiabatic Mixing D r y a i r : w a l + m a 2 =mai

Source: Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences

Mass of Moisture : (oxmaX + co2ma2 = a>3ma3

Energy Balance For Adiabatic Mixing Energy : \mA + h2ma2 = h3ma3

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