IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology _____________________________ Founded 1991 by Md.

Alimullah __________________________Miyan

Lecture 1: Intro
By Imran Mahmud Email: striker.imran@gmail.com

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Agenda
WHAT IS A DATABASE What is the purpose of a database system; Understand the difference between data and

information; How to select a database system;

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Agenda(2)
Data entry E-R Diagram Case Study

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What is a Database?
A database is any organized collection of data. Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life are:

a telephone book T.V. Guide airline reservation system motor vehicle registration records papers in your filing cabinet files on your computer hard drive.

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Why do we need a database?

Keep records of our: Clients Staff Volunteers To keep a record of activities and interventions; Keep sales records; Develop reports; Perform research

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Data vs. information

What is data?
Data can be defined in many ways. Information science defines data as unprocessed information.

What is information?
Information is data that have been organized and communicated in a meaningful manner. Data is converted into information, and information is converted into knowledge. Knowledge; information evaluated and organized so that it can be used purposefully.

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What is the ultimate purpose of a database management system?

Is to transform

Data

Information

Knowledge

Action

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Types of Databases
Non-relational databases
The data in a non-relational database, however, is limited to that program and cannot be extracted and applied to a number of other software programs, or other database files within a school or administrative system. The data can only be "copied and pasted. Example: a spread sheet

Relational databases
It is developed based on a database model that provides for logical connections among files (known as tables) by including identifying data from one table in another table

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Some Definitions
A File: A group or collection of similar records, like Student

file, Admission File. A field: one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester Grade, Academic topic A record: one piece of data, i.e., one student's information, a recipe, a test question

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Relational database
Collection of information organized in tables Tables are also relations

Tables are constructed and associated to each other

through shared fieldscommon fields Fields are also columns or attributes A set of attributes comprises a record Records are also rows or tuples Tables are related through common fields designated as primary and foreign keys Allow us to find, update, and delete data quickly and help to ensure accuracy

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Primary Key & Foreign Key

Primary Key/ Key Field Primary key fields must be unique and cannot contain a null value. Each table should have a primary key field. Foreign Key: Fields in a table that refer to the primary key in another table. The data in this field must exactly match data contained in the primary key field.

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Selecting a database system: Need Analysis

The needs analysis process will be specific to your organization but, at a minimum, should answer the following questions: How many records we will warehouse and for how long? Who will be using the database and what tasks will they perform? How often will the data be modified? Who will make these modifications? Who will be providing IT support for the database? What hardware is available? Is there a budget for purchasing additional hardware? Who will be responsible for maintaining the data? Will data access be offered over the Internet? If so, what level of access should be supported?
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Database Software
MS- Access Oracle SQL Server MySQL

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Data Entry
Image 1: Data Entry Hardware

Barcode scanners
USB or Wireless attached to a Palm or Pocket PC

Pocket PC
Wi-Fi 802.11g, Bluetooth Wireless networks (real-time on demand systems)

Mobile
Image source: Image.google.com
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E-R Model
The E/R model allows us to sketch the design of a

database informally. Designs are pictures called entity-relationship diagrams. Fairly mechanical ways to convert E/R diagrams to real implementations like relational databases exist.

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Entity Sets
Entity = thing or object. Attribute = property of an entity set.
Generally, all entities in a set have the same properties. Attributes are simple values, e.g. integers or character

strings.

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Example

Name ID Address

Student

Fig 1: Student Entity

Entity set Student has three attributes, ID,name and Address. Each Student entity has values for these three attributes, e.g. (20106, Imran, Dhaka)
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Relationship
A relationship connects two or more entity sets. It is represented by a diamond, with lines to each of

the entity sets involved

ID Name Address ID Course

SI

Student

Admitted

Course

Fig 2: E-R diagram of admission

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Date

Tutorial 1: Case Study

IUBAT is going to launch SMS based notification

system software for the prospective students. In that software , prospective students will send their name, address and CGPA to a specific number via SMS. That SMS will be saved into IUBAT database. There must be another database in IUBAT server which will contain all the scholarship information. Software will match the CGPA of the student and scholarship criteria and send them another SMS about their eligibility of scholarship.

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Tutorial 1( Contd.)

Image 2: SMS based KBAD System

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Database for KBAD

Table 1: Student database

Table 2: Scholarship database

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Relational table
Table 3: Eligibility

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Tutorial 2

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Download The Slide From

http://www.immibd.com

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Question????

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