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THE
TRANSLATORS REVIVED;
fiingrapijiral
Mtmmt
HOLY
BIBLE.
BY
A.
Y W. McCLURE.
fflm-*g nrk
CHARLES SCRIBNER,
1853.
Entered according
to
CHARLES SCRIBNER,
in the Clerk's Office of the District
TOBITT
COMBINATIOX-TYPB,
181 William-street.
PREFACE
This
is
little
in preparation.
It
more than twenty years since the Author's attention was directed to the inquiry, What were the personal qualifications for their work possessed by King James's
Translators of the Bible
self
?
He
without
difficulty,
pointed.
to their learning
lar
account of the
men
themselves.
more was
The
vidual.
and search
any information
time, but
relative to
each
indiillus-
For a long
little
came
to
hand
relation to
and acquirements, except in some of the more prominent men included in the royal commission. The Author quite despaired of
ever being able to identify the greater part of them, by any thing more than their bare surnames. But devot-
ing
much
IV.
PREFACE.
worthies,
by degrees recovered from oblivion one by one of these till only two of them, Fairclough and Sanderson, remain without some certain testimonial of their fitness for the most responsible undertaking- in the religious literature of the English world.
In regard to
As
who
are interested to
reliable-
know
of
its
in
ness of the
Common Version, these biographical sketches authors. He feels assured that they will afford
which much astonished
his convictions,
it
him when
the
first
that
be-
half
Translation
biblical
fore,
and
England.
have these studies been pursued by scholars whose vernacular tongue is the English, with
nor
since,
such
fact
zeal,
is
success.
This remarkable
That the true character of their employment, at the where those good men took it up, may be properly understood by such as have not given particuprecise stage
lar attention to the subject, a
condensed "Introductory
outlines, this follows the
Narrative "
is
given.
In
its
late
Christopher Anderson.
field so
He
care-
any who
may follow
him.
it,
To
in
abridgment of
PREFACE.
single octavo volume,
V.
by Rev. Dr. Prime, all who desire more minute information on that part of the subject are
respectfully referred.
The
writers to
whom
a-
book
is
most
Thomas
writcyni-
Anthony
Wood.
The
and one of the most delightful of the old English and the latter one of the most crabbed and ers,
cal.
What
it
was sprinkled, in scattered morsels, over numerous and bulky volumes. Beside what was furnished from these sources, numerous fragments have
wherever
their
been collected from a wide range of reading, including every thing that seemed to promise any additional matter
of information.
The work
the lapse of
is,
which no
recovering
it
Critical inquisitors
may be
some inaccu;
but
will
make
due allowance
The
Author
particularly
of any
is
taken as a body, for their high and holy work. have here presumptive evidence of the strongest kind,
that their
We
It
work
is
at least,
VI.
PREFA.CE.
the time
till
when
qualified
can
a time which
ever come,
If that time shall most certainly has not yet arrived may there be found among their successors the vast learning, wisdom, and piety of the old Trans-
CONTENTS
Pagh
Introductory Narrative
.11
12
13
Venerable Bede
John Wiclif
Knyghton
John de Trevisa
William Tyndale
15 17
19
John Rogers
Miles Coverdale
33
Cranmer's Bibles
....*....
"
34
39
Edward VI
Marian Persecutions
43
*
.44
47
48
51
Geneva Bible
William Whittingham
Anthony Gilby
52
...... ......
:
54 55
.57
59
Good Time
.
...
,
.61
62
67
Mode
of Procedure
and Rules
via.
CONTENTS.
Geoffry King
Richard Thompson
.
William Bedwell
Edward Lively
John Richardson, D.D.
Andrew Btng,
D.D.
.
Henry
Savile, Knt,
.
CONTENTS.
Ralph Ravens, D.D.
John Harmar, D.D.
.
IX.
170
.
170
William Barlow, D D.
John Spencer, D-D-
172
177 180
183
183
Michael Rabbet
Mr. Sanderson
John Duport,
.
184
185
186
D D.
189
189
190
Andrew Downes,
John Bois
John Ward, D.D-
....
Work
.
D.D.
198
.
199
208
209
210
212 214
.
.....
D D.
216
222
.
Revised Editions
223
225
227
232
No
better Translators
now
Opinions of Critics
Multiplication of the
Its Influence
....
to
be found
236
241
Common
.
Version
.
.
on Religious Literature
242
243
An
Obstacle to Sectarism
244 247
God
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
The
is
by
whom
that language
is
is
spoken.
But when
such a translation
centuries,
all
to
many
it
millions
becomes
work
historical inter-
est.
Thus
modern
it
history.
lation,
tudes which none can number, the living oracle of God, giving to them, in their mother tongue,
their surest
all
that can
Many
at
various
12
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
common speech
Of
life,
who
died in his
May, A. D. 735.
is
Toward evening
of the
day of
his death,
" Write
it
and summoning
his
holy words.
finished,
When
told
the
work was
It is
finished
He
so that, as he
call
Father.
He
" Glory be
the
syllable,
upon
his
to the Father,
and
to the Son,
and
last
to
Holy
he
Ghost
!"
drew
175;
and
Church History,
I.
149151.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
13
the
Alfred,
who ascended
But
the
to
first
made by Wiclif, about the year 1380. It was not made from the "original Hebrew and Greek of the Holy Ghost ;" but from the
sive use,
was
that
England,
in
He was
His
ar-
gave
it
birth.
He
is
commonly
called
" the
was one
of the
often spoken of as
Like Mar-
corruptions
was
few points
him on
in a constant
rity of truth.
He became
what would
disci-
now be
called a Calvinist
and
in
church
maintained by Congregationalists.
14
tering
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
many
John of Gaunt,
mous
old
Duke
his rec-
Forty-one years
Thomas
brook has
conveyed
And
blem of
his doctrine,
which
is
now
dispersed
all
made
;
be-
machines
and
from a
favorite author,
Wordsworth has
"
As thou
these ashes,
little
Avon
to the tide
Of Severn, Severn
to the
narrow
seas,
An emblem yields to friends and enemies, How the bold Teacher's doctrine, sanctified
By
Truth, shall spread throughout the world dispersed."
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
the manuscripts, though quite
15
numerous, were
very costly.
Nicholas
New
Testament.
That
This
sufficient
at
of
of
and best
gift"
of Providence.*
has be-
come
ledge,
arts,
human knowall
diffuse sciences,
ages and
na-
tions."!
may
never occasion
in
its
manuscript form,
it
still
made no
little
that day.
One
Henry de Knyghton,
Summum et postremum
I.
donum.
f Darwin's Zoonomia,
51.
16
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
to the laity
and weaker
sort,
of the
So
that,
by
this
is
made
vulgar, and
to
made more
open
to the laity,
it
and even
read, than
And
gift
made
common
If the publication
of an English
Bible in
tions,
we need
of a similar
work
preached
1535, declared
"
We
printing, or
numerous.
ous as his
sides
New
Testaments
many copies of separate books of the ScripThey are quite remarkable for their legitures.
bility
tafor
ken
in
in preserving
them
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
nearly five hundred years.
of this version
17
was printed
year 1731, or
it
was
finished.
till
The whole
two
or three years
when
it
appeared
at
it
was
Cornwall.
of Berkeley.
example of the
Gospel of John.
I^atin
and French, which latter was then generally understood by the better educated class of English-
his
was
to be seen hun-
Trevisa, notwithstanding
molested, though
known
to
be an
18
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
friars.
and begging
He
expired,
full
of honor
little less
year 1397.*
Little else is
known
of
super-
bears no date.
in
It
is
1282 pages,
attempt,
it is
two
vol-
umes.
Though
first
beautifully
this
;
famous edition
known
to be in existence
four of
them on
vellum,
and fourteen
on paper.
Twenty-five
and one
one hundred
relics
!
Truly venerable
its first
Thus the
printing-press paid
;
homage
to
which
it
The
a
sort
first
was
of paraphrase of the
seven penitential
I.
467.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
19
book was
printed in 1505.
The
first
own tongue, were the translations of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, made by William Tyndale,
at
Hamburg,
in the
year
1524
and
New
Cosix
Worms,
in 1525.
After
published
Genesis
1530
entire Bible,
of Miles Coverdale,
Of Coverdale,
But
in the
some
title,
;
" The
Ger-
Byble,
the
Holy Scripture
in
Newe Testament,
This
is
thew. MDXXXVII."
of the
Bible into
20
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
is
now
in
such ex
martyrdom by
That
is
fire
publication.
to
whole of the
New Testament,
and of the
Second Book of
entire
Tyndale's work.
The
other
tament, was
made by
his friend
and co-laborer,
other than John
at
the
went by the
name
of
Matthew.
God
in
Hundred
His
His grand-
From an
ear-
ly age, he
University of
ir?
Oxford.
all
He
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
21
was ordained a
priest in
1502
and became a
in the ex-
Minorite Observantine
friar.
His zeal
of the adversaries
his
left
by 1519.
arose at the
German
w ith him
T
to
resist
sions of a priesthood,
which sought
all nations,
to imprison
by keeping
of knowledge."
his native coun-
John Walsh.
On
Aus-
Green, in Bristol.
who swarmed
guests
;
in that
At the
first,
Sir
John and
his lady
Anne
tors
;"
22
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
for
them, they
Upon
Sir
it
this,
forbore
John's
what Fuller
"the sour
storm was
ig-
now
clergymen
in the Bishop's
councils beheretic.
gan
to
In
In
own
account, he says,
When
me
though
came before
had been a
grievously, and
I
me
as
dog."
It
after
this,
that in disputing
Tyn-
him with
certain texts of
ex-
Scripture
claimed,
"
irritated papist
were better
for us to be
!"
without
This was
too
much
for
Tyndale,
all
"I
his
and
if
God
spare
my
life,
ere
many
to
plough
know more of
the Scrip-
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
ture than you do /"
23
;
noble
boast
!
and nobly
clear-
redeemed
He now
hands of
all.
"
Which
me
to
translate the
NewTestament.
perience,
Because
it
how
that
was impossible
When
went
to
London, with
as a ripe
Greek
stall,
Tun-
who
T
afterwards
New
Testaments.
The
friend
late's
him
in
that pre-
own house
the
New
Testa-
in
the house
of
Humphrey Munmouth,
don,
sheriff.
he used to preach in
24
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
By
all
in
resolve
bury.
In January,
1524, with
and pity
Tyndale sailed
for
Hamburg, being
generous
during his
Munmouth,
fifteen
who
also
assisted
him
city.
Here he
so
improved
May, 1525,
New
had
Testament
hardly
raised,
in
quarto
form.
off,
Ten
sheets
been worked
authorities forbade
work
go on.
Tyndale and
his amanuensis,
and
comparative safety.
precious
relic,
con-
Matthew,
is all
that
is
known
is
to
in
exist
of this
memorable
Gothic
there
of
edition,
which
the
the
German
place,
type.
In
same
year
and
edition, in small-octavo,
which one
extant
in
the Bristol
of the
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
Translator's unquiet
life,
25
cealment from
of
this
foes,
self,
These,
into
sold
and
not
those
into
Many
copies
fell into
;
enemy,
but very
read
and pondered
in castles
for
the
liberation
England
Rome.
This
New
as
Besides
all
work
as
Tyndale
able
left
it
translators,
;
King James
and
common
sions,
use.
in these revi-
though generally
so.
were not
charity,
always
substitution of the
love,
word
neither 2
was that
of church,
26
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
Still,
employed congregation.
his
large portions of
are read verbally
The
call
fidelity of his
is
such as might be
"For
God
Lord
we
shall ap-
God's
Word
against
my
conscience
nor would
it
whether
be
this holy
man
by
his
His
sound
learning
is
evident
enough on reading
his pages.
Certain historians,
Greek
little
literature,
or no
his
making
of the
Old Testament
German.
As
its
for
Ger-
the
genius
of
Martin Luther,
acquaintance with
T$ut of his
knowledge of
to
against him, he
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
27
accuses the prelates of having lost the understanding of the plain text,
Latin, and especially of the
Hebrew, which
all
is
most of need
to be
known, and of
phrases, the
of the
New
many
George
Hebrew
Joye,
amanuensis,
who
upon
this point.
"
am
for
all his
in
Hebrew,
Greek
and Latin,
What were
learn from
to,
we
Herman
Buschius, a learned
professor,
both
at
who was acquainted with Tyndale Marburg and Worms. Spalatin, the
" Buschius
in English.
Worms,
six
thousand copies of
the
New
by an Englishman
stayin
a man
so
skilled
28
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
ever he spake,
it
his native
tongue."
We
close.*
must draw
this
account of Tyndale to a
tioned,
in 1529.
Tunstall, then
New
at
Testament,
Antwerp, and
The purchase was made through one Packington, a merchant who secretly favored
Tyndale.
The
new
to
and corrected
publish
till
edition,
Tunstall's
year
or
two
after,
Thomas More.
name
That
bitter persecutor
promised
of the person
who
business.
* Those
all
to the First
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
joke, accepted the
cellor
o-ffer,
29
ham was
for,
by buy-
to
Sir
Thomas
had
would be the
is
easiei
1535, Tyndale
con-
stantly hunted
by the emissaries
of his English
Phillips, a tool
persecutors,
He
suffered an imprisonment of
in the castle
of Vil-
of converting the
household.
him
in the
and even the Emperor Charles the Fifth's Procurator-General, or chief prosecuting officer,
who
homo
doctus,
bonus,"
" a
learned, pious,
and good
man."
It
when
this
whom
the world
was not
30
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
was brought
forth to die.
Being
" Lord,
!"
of
the
King of England
He was
;
then
Thus departed
but for
one for
earth,
whom
to
this
whom
monument, except
of her millions.
many
He
lived
unknown
Till persecution
new
No marble tells us whither. With his name No bard embalms and sanctifies his song And history, so warm on meaner themes,
Is cold
on
is
this."
But there
forgotten.
in heaven,
a better world,
where he
is
notis
and
his record is
on high."
man "
First,
he was a
man
He
reserved or hallow-
named
his pastime,
On
Monday he
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
as were fled out of England,
cution, unto
31
Antwerp; and
these,
and
in
manner provided
and diseased
persons.
On
and where
And
as
he
And
truly his
for
his
exhibition
e.
merchants
The
rest of the
days of
to his
Book, wherein he
the
When
Sunday
parcel of Scripture
fruitfully,
the
which proceeded so
much
it
32
to hear
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
likewise, after
same manner.
He was
man
rancor or malice,
so that no
man
living
;
was
him of
any
sin or
crime
justification
Vilvorde,
company
Lord."
year of his
and
found their
fold."
way
into
is
But what
strangest of
and
is
unex-
when Tyndale
and
ecclesiastics,
of
his
Translation
was printed
title-page,
own
patent printer.
copy of
the Scriptures
The next
entire
year,
Bible,
printed
folio
on the continent,
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
33
made
these
edited
their
appearance in England.
version,
One
of
was Tyndale's
by
his
completed
and
devoted
friend
and
assistant,
The
other
of Miles
Cover-
at
Deritend in Warwickshire,
He was
educated at Camto
was
for
the
He
also ministered
twelve
years
to
German
congregation.
of
He
Edward
vicar
year 1550.
He was made
and
after that
rector of St.
Margaret Moyses,
;
of St. Sepulchre's
churches.
The
When
was
at
" bloody
Mary" came
to the
throne, he
once
in trouble,
but refused to
in
his
own house
confined in
ers, to
Newgate among
some of
whom
he was an instrument of
good.
He was
2*
first
honor-
34
ably
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
known
as the
Proto-martyr of that
fiery-
persecution.
field,
He was
burned alive
at
Smith-
He
His wife,
whom
he
She
is
sometimes called
the
English
He was
way
to
refused
all
was on
the fatal
has been
ten,
much
had
nine,
or
eleven children.
the time
The
fact
seems
to be, that, at
in
of his imprison;
ment
and another
was
born
In
documents written
fatherless
flock
Germany.
Daniel
Rogers,
Germany, and
Denmark.
and
if
so,
then the
numerous families
their descent
in
New
The
is
very obscure,
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
no other person being known of that surname.
35
He
It
was a native
is
Canon
Law,
Cambridge,
in
1531.
He
afterwards
Tubingen and
friar,
Cambridge.
He was
an Augustine
and en-
joyed the powerful protection of the lord Crumwell while he was the prime minister of England.
He was
the
an eminent scholar
work
by some
influ-
ential patrons,
tion.
who
The
first
German and
Latin, and
is
Anne
Boleyn.
it
It is
dated 1535
is
was printed
uncertain.
a mistake to
suppose, as
many have
done, that he
acted in?
That he
is
was
skilled in the
German and
five
Latin,
But notwithstanding
all
this
favor, his
book
36
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
Tyndale, which received and retained such a decided preference, that Coverdale himself repeat
edly edited impressions of the rival translation.
to
Rogers's
labors,
and
it
may
be
till
day
after
;
doomsday."
The
license
was
fully
conceded
This transIt
it
may be may be
three
and
King James's
fifty
learned
it,
or four years in
making
more
But
to the text."
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
Grafton,
tioned,
37
who printed Rogers's Bible just mencommenced the next folio edition, of
five
two thousand
in
hundred
for
copies,
at
Paris,
1538.
The reason
at that place
which
But
when
the
edition
Inquisition
pounced upon
in destroying
it.
and
had
nearly-
succeeded
The
printed sheets,
chased
them
entire
London.
At the end
" The
is
Ende
of the
New
the
at
procurement
the
Lord
Chancellor Crumwell.
fifteen
Thus
obtains
after a struggle of
years'
his
continuance,
Bible
since
Tyndale
secure
left
England,
footing
upon
38
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
should be in any
it
man
way
discouraged
from
reading, or hearing
read
study of the
In
another
of
the
is
injunctions, the
clergyman in
every church
year at
wherein
The
issuing of
An
speaks
folios,
of the
interest
excited
by those
old
desk attached to
churches, "
It
one
of
the
pillars
in
the
God was
sort,
received,
not only
all
among
people
the
learneder
but
generally
England
;
over,
among
all
common Word of
God was
to
places where
the reading of
was
or
if
busily read
or got others
to
them,
purpose
and even
little
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
rest, to
39
Winchlife,
God spare my
many
!"
years,
will
the plough to
know more
was
you do
All this
and wormwood
to
activ-
The King
God
or
In
the
following year,
Bibles,
now
appeared.
by him, warmly
Word
tice,
of
God
and quoting,
and
The
following
insists
passage
who
man
40
in the
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
mean days and time, between sermon and sermon that when they were at home in their
;
of the
Holy
Scriptures.
and.
attem-
and shepherds,
may
But
still
you
vel
?
it
What marif
How
thou
upon
it ?
Take
story,
the books
whole
it
and that
;
well in
it
memory
that
Here
old
;
all
manner
of persons, men,
;
women
poor
;
young,
priests,
learned, unlearned
;
rich,
laymen
lords, ladies
officers, tenants,
and mean
merof
men
virgins,
wives,
widows
lawyers,
manner
persons, of
be,
what
may
in this
Book
learn
all things,
what they
do, as well
concerning Al-
and
others."
One
was issued
this year,
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
mand, sanctioned
in -the
41
title-page
and preface
bishop of Rochester.
will of
many
of the
"new
respectively known.
So impartial
in
cruelties
lust
and persecutions
and tyranny.
What
when men
suffered
reading
it
ways
of divine Providence in so
ordering
it,
was
so
when
before,
now
editing the
!
same
at
London,
in
repeated editions
finely print-
e4
folios, of
in little
which four or
impressions were
made
at the
London merchant.
martyrs in
of
Even
the
subsequent
"burning
times"
Queen Mary,
Eng-
42
lish.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
This
vile hypocrite,
and
flatterer of royalty,
set
up
perusal in his
Ste-
many crooked
naught.
faithful
policies
to
came
to
Christ's
Bible
is
man
be to
in the
Many
savor Christ
aright,
God
Tyndale's translation
printed under the
names
Tavern er,
all
and under
of
in
Churches."
to
But
the
act
the
name
of
brutal
Henry and
By
was branded
elsewhere
realm,
or
Acts of par-
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
" they can do any thing except changing a
into a
<iJ
man
woman
;"
Word
and
light
The same
use
in
of parlia-
this version in
its
one clause,
other clauses,
its
to restrict
use by the
He
Edward
at
who
of
This
intellectual-
and
at
pious
was
who trembled
;
God's
At
his
coronation,
three
swords
token
sway.
were brought,
that
three
realms were
subject to
his
The
that
yet
another
sword must be brought; and when the attending nobles asked what sword that might be, he
answered,
" The
Bible
!"
is
That ought,
in
all
right,
to
by God's appointment/'
Adding some
44
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
similar expressions, he
commanded
and
to
the
Sacred
Volume
to be brought,
ly before
him
At
in
the grand
procession.
Bible
cause prospered
New
editions of the
Edward's
to press
own
;
correction or revision of
Tyn-
When Henry
offices in
died,
England.
increased to fifty-seven
engaged either
in printing or publishing
cred Scriptures.
of
unexampled
activity in the
was
sister,
the
suppress the
Word
of
God
in her realm,
and
to
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
restore the authority of
45
pretended traditions.
It
During
this time,
Europe.
who were
in
many
cities.
Meanwhile,
men,
many clergymen and doctors in divinity, women and children of every rank
to the
as
also
in life,
were committed
teachings.
The
first
who
much toward
the translation,
in English.
There
is
hands of one
which had
whose
effigy
makes such
a prominent figure in
the famous
New
England Primer.
Many
others
were famished
to death, or pined
and expired in
Coverdale,
unwholesome dungeons.
Miles
who
46
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
so active in the business of translating
had been
and was
He was
February,
at the
was
in
extreme
But
in
1555, he
was allowed
intercession of Christian
King
of
Denmark.*
calling in
the
copies to
be
burned.
Still several
were concealed
even
built
in
private places.
up
in closets
cealed by masonry.
He
continued to preach, in
;
somewhat
pily,
he lived
much
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
" Fierce whiskered guards that volume sought in vain,
47
Enjoyed by
stealth,
While
all
priest,
weary
steps to
And when
It
is
proportion of the
many books
printed in England
up
be found in
editions
many
The
gave opportunity
new
The great work first effected by the exiled Tyndale some twenty-five years before, during his banishment in Europe, was now ably revised
by another exiled scholar, and again introduced into England when every port seemed to be shut
against
it.
Testament," which
after carefully
reprint
it
of
Tyndale's,
comparing
48
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
original,
Greek
in other
which had
which
is
till
The
first
edition,
now
first
it
It left
1557.
It is
the
into verses,
and
led the
It
is
way
to
a revision of
not positively
;
known by
is
whom
ham.
this
but there
no
He was
ham, born
in 1524.
He was
of a good family, a
at
Oxford
and
had
and
at the
Universities in France.
to
Frankfort
Germany.
year
later, in 1555,
he removed
mem-
New
aided to some extent by two of his learned fellowexiles in revising the entire
which
* Calvinus
is
name Chauvin.
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
they were engaged night and day
in
49
1558, the
They continued
the whole
their labors
till
April, 1560,
when
work was
finished.
Congregation
editions
at
Geneva.
revision,
numerous
were printed
It
in the course of
re-
King James's
was
the
first
edition
re-
Whittingham, soon
after,
went
to
France as
Bedford.
On
his return, he
Through the
was ap-
One
mon
was
for her,
;
on the
text,
bury her
"When he
text
was the
50
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
in
ceremonies retained
the
Church
of England.
His
abilities
Lord
Treasurer
Burleigh, the
vacant
secretaryship
He was
repeatedly impleaded in
and
ordination at
Geneva
On
who
The Commission
was
or-
cathedral at Durham.
and learning,
to
revision of the
English Bible.
He was
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
of the Psalms, which- are
still
51
Psalms are
Book
of
Common
Prayer.*
a very
Hebrew languages
the national
and corruptions of
Church.
went
Geneva.
Soon
after the
accession of
Elizabeth to the
was placed
the
where he
a
He was
God won-
He
him from
Thomas
52
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
He
lived
is
un-
known.
He was
it
retained in the
Church of England.
The
He was
a stout
became
;
London
He
Word,
till
King Edward.
After that,
;
and
at
with great
difficulty,
try.
ments
Bible in English.
On
abeth, he
was
it
and declined
He
one
was noted
and
memory
1560,
fine elocution
and was
In
The
for their
learning,
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
speak of him,
ment,
53
"After
well considering
all
the learned
men
to
in the land,
him
men.
And
it
is
very doubtlin-
whether there
a better
man, a greater
guist, a
more complete
In 1564, he
scholar, a
more profound
for non-con-
divine."
was arraigned
and deprived of
not without
release.
his office,
was
much
of Pancras in
St. Paul's
In 1573, having
affection,
suffered
he was
where he made
till
his death
age of seventy-two.
work
of refor
what
was the
favorite household
It
was a wonderful
opportunity for
the
making
the
way
among
the
Eng
54
lish
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
people as soon as
it
was ready.
Thus
the
And falls
defeats
its
own
object,
it
w ould
T
have destroyed.
in his
was elevated
at least
fifty
During the reign of Elizabeth, " whose inclinations," says Coleridge. "
interests
by royal approbation.
reign, a
she began to
to her,
many
served confinement
but that
were
still
who
were,
craved liberation.
the
On
her asking
that
who they
courtier replied,
holy
;
walk
To
would
know
the minds
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
55
new
verdale, Cranmer,
in free circulation.
It
exiles,
were
was
in 1568,
of Canterbury.
whom
work.
were bishops
Thus the
This
translation
was
still
further
perfected.
first
a magnifi-
cent
folio,
engravings.
revision
was undertaken
command;
but
like
Up
re
Geneva
itself;
this
was
56
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
From
that
more than
thirty-
kers, father
whereas previously
to a large
it
had
afforded
employment
number
" the
of differ-
ent printers.
vestal,"
While Elizabeth,
in all
throned
was
eighty-five of
them
ment.
Of these
editions ninety,
or
more than
Geneva
version.
Of the
were
cop-
sixty
The
sale of so
many
and
Book
of God.
I.
When James
1603, they
who
and against
whom
the
had ever
made with
real
to
the dust.
He
soon gave
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
57
" presbyas
his
them
tery and
as well
God and
king
!"
" No bishop,
of
no
As he entered
his
new realm
Eng-
land, he received
ry petition," because
though the
number
of signers
is
not known.
The
pe-
The
The
king,
game
at
tween the
parties,
at
which he was
moderate
and decide.
He
mining,
things
pretended
to
be
amiss in
at
the
Church."
Hampton
On
summoned four of their divines, selected by himTo match them, he called nine bishops, as self.
many
fessors
It
soon be-
58
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
manifest, that the only object of the meeting the king an opportunity to declare
to
came
was
his
to give
bitter
hostility
the
Puritans,
who were
Puritans
ghostly minions.
bitter bishop
The
Bale" said on
Craft,
The
who would
"
One good result, however, came from this mock conference," as it was usually called by
Among
other of their
demands, Dr. Reynolds, who was the chief speaker in their behalf, requested that there
might be
new
translation of the
In
Bible,
without note or
comment.
own hand,
it
set forth as
* In the nervous Latin of the crabbed ex-bishop of Ossory, the arguments run thus
Terrore et Tyrannide.
;
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
59
among
Reynolds,
" That
a translation be
made
to the
of the
origin-
and
this to
printed, without
any marginal
notes,
and only
to
be used
in all
divine service."
To
this
till
demand
the
King
ac-
ceded
the
but
it
was not
and the
revis-
months more.
The
careful preparation.
Thus
received
it
came
English Bible
its
of the translation as
was
left in
1537 by Tyndale
and Rogers.
years,
it
During
this last,
for
coming centuries.
It
60
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
well done at
first,
was
by
this acit
many
in
long
of
its
succession.
To
this is to
be ascribed
much
it,
intrinsic excellence
Its
commended
that
speedily
came
version,
people
royal proclamation
establish
its
authority.*
re-
Some
common
occupied the
field.
Who
believes
it
possible that
which
shall
command
or
and
the
without
strife
controversy, take,
among
" I do not find that there was any canon, proclamation, or act
of parliament, to enforce the use of
it."
"
The present
version,''
says Dr.
to
ity
Symonds,
its
;
as
have made
whatsoever
way, without the interposition of any authornot easy to discover any traces of a pro-
for it is
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
English-speaking
place
61
now
many and
The
pow-
the noblest
monument
It is
of the
the most
and refreshing of
It It
all
undefiled."
language.
as
;
intelligible
now
as
when
it
was
first
imprinted
singularly free
;"
than
in
except by scholars.
among
the
"we
ought to speak
we
is
house,
the
plain
and
acquainted withal."
to the
Thomas
62 hamshire
in
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
1662;
is
"The
mon
people
England.
proof whereof,
when
boy,
re-
man
therein,
which
I
my
judgment.
'We
as
speak,
good English
any
shire in
England
make
the metre,
unknown
which
Thus we came
have
whom
it
own tongue
God."
Word
And well was it said of them by that same Thomas Fuller "These, with Jacob, rolled away the stone from the mouth of the well of life so that now even Rachels, weak women, may
;
;
and water
to
?
make
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
This
is
63
it
is
entitled
for
among
It js,
who
cannot
examine
themselves
volume
of
present
brief biographical
sketches
our
Translators.
the men,
for their
work,
we
and
fidelity.
less circulation
their work,
it
up
to this
mother-country,
has
slight
attempted to do
this,
As
men, we
may
say
again, that,
their
a fortunate time.
Not
only had the English language, that singular compound, then ripened to its full perfection, but the
to a
ever before or
This particular
field of
64
vines as
it
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
was
at that day.
To
will be
and scholarship
of those
all
coming ages
their debtors.
it is
When
the
for
king.
Few
would
a body of translators,
on
whom
community would
reposed upon that
selves
as
Very
many
self-styled "
ble, or of parts of
doomed
them
all,
common
is
English Bible.
But
this blessed
book
so far complete
may
enjoy
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
the delightful assurance, that,
faith
if
65
it
he study
to
its
in
teach-
ings,
and
his spi-
It will as
safely guide
faith
him
into all
the
things
needful
for
and practice,
if
as
would the
them, or
original Scriptures,
if
he could read
spake to the
Greek
in
ment of the
of a critical
knowledge of
the
best
commentary on the
commentary on the
what obscure
very plain
in
translation.
Passages someoften
the
translation
become
when we
we
was
lators
meant
to say.*
readily
* Take an instance from Isai. v. 18. "Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a
cart-rope."
From
the last
member
" He sinned
we
find that
with a cart-rope!"
" sin''
is
On
" and
So that
that
draw
thus
of sin.
66
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
t-he
understand both,
two
just
easier for a
man
to
walk by the
sight of
own
eyes, than
It is
man's eyes.
mon
he
may
follow
it
"a
and a lamp
to his paths."
men
to this great
in the
in-
was
forty-seven.
be able to
to
to write
the king's
critical
desire, to
observations, that
as his
Majesty remarks,
may have
the help
and furtherance of
all
men
at
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
divided into two companies
in all, six distinct
;
67
companies of translators.
They
The
instructed
them
to
make
no further than
new
version agreed
;
the
Hampton Court
all."
as
"the worst oi
The second
mode then
used*
The
words
old
ecclesiastical
be
kept," such
as
The
fourth
different
meanings, that
is
to be preferred
<
faith."
The
may
be.
The
sixth rule,
agreeably to Dr.
Hampton
Court,
make
The seventh
rule pro-
68
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
planatory passages.
each
man
in
The eighth rule enjoins that each company shall separately examor chapters,
ine the
same chapter
The whole
compare
shall
together, and
Thus
of
in
number
to ten distinct
to
each
The
any company
shall, in this
manner, comto
it is
be sent
reviewed by them
that
if
all.
The
sent to them, find any thing doubtful or unsatisfactory, they are to note the places,
and their
it
back
to
it
came.
If that
com-
in the
suggestions thus
finally
arranged
all
at
the
companies
at the
Thus every
first,
by each member
of the
company
to
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
69
which
it
was
originally assigned
in
secondly, by
that whole
company
concert
;
thirdly,
by the
and fourthly, by
By
The
by
this ju-
eleventh
difficulty
any special
authority
judgment thereon.
The
twelfth
rule
requires
work
as,
in hand,
as
many
being
have
taken pains
in that kind, to
one of the
companies.
The
different companies.
five other translations
The
to
Whitchurch's,
lation
The
To
the
careful observ
70
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
are highly judicious, of the
is
to
be ascribed
much
of the excellence
com-
pleted translation.
To
t-he
most
" to be overseers of the Translation, as well Heas Greek, for the better observation of the
fourth rule."
The
lators
when
in
the Trans-
met
to
of
them
held, in his
If
some
lan-
guage.
alteration, he spoke
on.
The
final
revision
six
men,
to indicate, but
by
tioelve.
such was
the statement
made
in the
Synod
of Dort in 161 S,
seems
to
have
bee?,
and.
All the
expense
of
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE-
71
making and printing -the translation was defrayed by Robert Barker, "Printer to t-he King's most
Excellent Maiestie."
The
five
hundred pounds
and
his
down
to
For two hundred and forty years and more, God has been speaking by this precious
volume
race.
is
Saxon
ignorance
and espe-
Word
of God,
would
fain
have
supplanted
it
by
priestly inventions
and
monkish corruptions.
"
But
to
outweigh
all
Assumes the
And
Upon
he
who
With understanding
now may
look
And
sift
Which
Ever bestowed
to equalize
bless
The
to be
by
reared to
all
damage
Originally intend
72
ed for the
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
five or six millions
who dwelt
it
within
at
once
till
then unset-
And now,
still
glad-
North
portions of Africa,
lish is
heaven
still
brings
of God's revealed
re-
truth to myriads
ceived
it
The
Translators
Venerated
to
men
their very
have afforded to
adversity,
and.
;
multitudes
strength
to
endure
of prosperity
INTRODUCTORY NARRATIVE.
73
how many
have been
salvation.*
is
time,
that
the
names of these
"venerated men" were rescued from such unjust oblivion; and that at least some considerable
part of those
who have
received such
incalcula-
one of pleasure
and
hoped that
to
all
to exert
it
in thus
wide-
* Report of the Committee on Versions, made to the Board Managers of the American Bible Society, and adopted
oi
May
1st,
1851.
history of our
Common
it it
down
re-
mains
for us to inquire
as
to
the persons
who
to satisfy
is ol
confidence
to
which
their
labors
are entitled.
Unless
it
work
as
it
ought
be done,
it
as
matter of furnishing
of
translation of the
Word
God
76
It
is
Numerous
histories
of the
labor; but no
man seems
to
have thought
it
worth
his
while
give
meagre notices
of a
to their rep-
own
and
skill
as
Even
a page
or
two of
it.
his
branch of
divines,
and
he
pursued a
effect
zealous
search
any "
restitution
intelligence"
respecting them.
At
much
But
sources
amply
sufficient,
His object
is
simply to
77
the
Translators
ripe
commissioned
by
and
and
all
particulars,
a better qualified
company
Of
the
forty-seven,
who
unknown
their
in
own
time.
their
A
it
few have
us but
little
more than
were
noble
their
monument
learning
and piety.
But
many
proof that
for the
fit
companions
This
is
confirmed
by the fact
that,
employ
in this
many men
not
Eng-
who were
It
is
enrolled on the
of translators.
now
less
known
of the
to
deserve a place
78
The catalogue
worthy of
t-he
name
is
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
He was
He w as
T
trained chiefly at
his native city,
till
in
the
first
in the
University of Cambridge.
Once
would
a year,
at Easter,
rents.
During
vacation,
he
find
master, from
to
whom
he learned
some language
In
this
which he
after a
was before
a stranger.
way
sity,
the
Oriental
tongues
and
to
divinity.
When
there
he
became
candidate
for a fellowship,
vacancy
Dr. Dove,
who was
borough.
the
After long
and severe
examination,
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
in this trial so fine
a.
79
College,
scholar,
that the
supernumerary
Fellow.
Andrews
also
re-
In
that
own
College, he
was made
a catechist
into the
North of England
He was
warmly beSecretary
Queen Elizabeth.
;
He was made
and then Vicar
afterwards
of St.
Giles,
in
London.
He was
Southwark.
He
in
lectured
on divinity
at
St.
On
the death of
Dr.
Fulke,
though so
his education.
While
at
its
he
was one of
benefactors.
It
at
that time,
but by
his
;
efforts
endowments
death,
and
at
his
many
80
besides
some
hundred
folio
He
lain
in
de-
dary of Westminster,
that famous church.
dignities
ed.
It
of
Dean
of
of the
first
company
of Transtheir
lators,
meetings
to
Westminster.
five
The
portion assigned
his-
torical
Kings.
is
better
executed than
this.
in
still
The
gant
claims
bitterly
of the Popes.
He was answered
to refute the
most
mine.
The King
;
Dr.
Andrews
Cardinal
quarto,
which he did
in a learned
and
spirited
highly
commended by Casaubon.
To
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
that quarto, the Cardinal
this service, the
81
reply.
made no
his
For
King rewarded
of
champion, by
;
Chichester
to
which
November
3d,
1605.
to be
He
w ith
T
dignity
was the
sufficient for
this
Lord Almoner
in
and uncorrupt.
In September,
bishopric of Ely
1618, he
;
was
which
much more
said,
ed
so that
it
used to be
" Canterbury
is
richly
endowis
the better
manger."
At the time of
this last
preferment
his death.
filled,
he
The crack-brained
king,
who
scarce
knew
82
now
was overawed
by the gravity of
this prelate,
And
yet the
to be facetious on occatells of
Edmund
at
being
once
court,
held by the
king with
dignity and
this
of bishops,
ject's
" My
brace
sub-
cannot
it,
take
my
money when
want
?"
without
mality in parliament
The Bishop
of
Durham,
" God
Upon
of Winchester,
Dr.
Andrews
this the
?"
have no
skill to 'judge
of parliamentary matters."
But
!
put
offs,
my
lord
an-
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
swer
83
said
me
presently.".
"Then,
Sir,"
the
for you to shrewd Bishop, "1 think it lawful he offers it," take my brother Neile's money, for
Even
the
petulant
amusement
to his cringing courtiers. For the benefit of the afflicted," as the adlittle incident vertisements have it, we give a
divines While Dr. Andrews was one of the to by a worthy applied at Cambridge, he was beset by alderman of that drowsy city, who was
the afternoon the sorry habit of sleeping under had sermon and who, to his great mortification,
;
of the parbeen publicly rebuked by the minister into vogue, Dr. As snuff had not then came ish.
Andrews
some matter-of-fact
to titillate the persons have done in such cases, He seems to -sneezer" with a rousing pinch.
the famous Dr. Rohave been of the opinion of full-fed congregation in maine, who once told his to preach to two London, that it was hard work So* Dr. Anporter. pounds of beef and a pot of to help his wakedrews advised his civic friend
fulness
The
his
advice
ro;
was followed
Again the
in
pew
84
With
sleepy eyes of
his,
The
recommended
to
him
to dine
as usual,
to
and then
his
repairing
pew.
and
to
was a
uncommon
as
much vexed
unwonted
parishioner's
wakeful-
unseemly dozing.
in
Bishop
Andrews continued
I.
;
high
esteem
with Charles
archs,
them
to
whom
in
He was
where a
buried in the
fair
Church of
St. Saviour,
monument
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
85
marks the
spot.
As
famous
preacher,
in his day.
right
He was
preachers."
Thomas
was "an
way
whereof he made
things as he desired."
Pious and pleasant Bishop Felton, his contemporary and colleague, endeavored in vain in his
"
style,
I
and therefore
my own
all
Let
this
be a warning to
who would
Nor
cially to
genius.
even successfully
for
it
abounds
in quips, quirks,
Few
happy
as to treat on matters
interest,
and to do
it
in a
manner which
ever please."
tation, taste
To
and judgment
composition are as
86
folios of
Many
to desire
family devotions
that
Bishop
Andrews's
chapel."
He was
is
one
whom was
well."
prayed well,
to
have studied
His manual
is
pared by himself,
guage.
It
wholly in the
Greek
and
in
lan-
has
been translated
printed.
alms-giv-
remain unknown.
gifts to
He was
poor
at the
his portrait
These were
respect
" For
if
LANCELOT ANDREWS.
87
and especially to
his
literary strangers.
it
So bountiful was
cheer,
that
used to be
He
sand pounds
praise
in three days,
though "
in
this
we
at
him
not,"
in entertaining
King James
was
as
Farnham
Castle.
His
society
much
and
charm
of his rich
keeping and
to
know what
He
ever bore
One
It
was
also
said,
know how
learned this
man
that,
was."
And
languages, espeat
served
as
Interpreter- General
In his funeral
fifteen languages.
88
JOHN OVERALL.
This divine
is
list
of those
in
good men, of
whom
the marginal
comment
ab-
horred
in
!"
They may
be
abhorred
He was
the
born
He
lived through
as the
When faith
In due season, he
St.
was entered
Cambridge.
as a scholar
at
John's
College,
He was
next
In 1596, he
;
fessor of Divinity
and
at the
of age.
It is
was
his
custom
to
ground
Scripture, shewing
what
of opinion or
in
interpretation
JOHN OVERALL.
hand.
89
He was
He was
much
To end
a bitter conten-
tion in
elected, if election
When
it
Archbishop
diminuens
;"
which
is
down
But
all
his
Grace, in
olden
if
of the
dissatisfied
Professor,
that "
much more
greater favors."
full
These appoint-
when
1601,
on the
recommendation
of
Lord
of
men
London.
It
may
whether
studies,
pulpit.
absorbed
deep
shone
Thomas Ful
90
ler,
to
my
father,
was
trouble^
some
to
him
oration."
Soon
First,
was
filled
by James the
whom
that
Duke
came
together.
tion.
To
this
now
extant.
was
to vindicate the
divine right of
government.
But though
it
book
at that time,
because
it
when,
new govthis
itself
a divine
right,
vocation Book,"
now
so long forgotten,
was
print-
ed
many
King Jamie;"
which was
it.
political celeb-
because
it
effect
JOHN OVERALL.
91
For when
his grandson,
many
to
jurors," refused
many
who
at first
to be converted
But conversions
so favor-
be held in suspicion.
much admired, by
matters, and
Catfirst
the
St. Paul's
Cathe-
dral, that
Though long
familiarity with
other languages
inapt for continu-
sense of
sacred original.
He was man
styled
;"
by Camis
and
said by
92
Coventry, in
few months, he
This was
in
of sixty years.
in
1619.
He
frequently had
his
thou
man
for iniquity,
thou
;
makest
his
surely every
man
is
vanity."
Arminianism.
sius
He was
a correspondent of Vos-
the continent.
He was
now
scholastic theology,
much
decried.
Since
much
practical
And
it is
yet there
was some-
though
excess
of logical
refinement which
subdivided
absorbed
at last in the
physics.
One
of
them
is
was
enough
to
puzzle
old,
all
posterity
was grown
HADRIAN SARAVIA.
derstand his
93
own books.."
at
least,
ot
company
of Translators.
HADRIAN SARAVIA.
This noted scholar was a Belgian by
His father
Belgian,
birth.
was
He was
his early
Of
He
was, for
He
church-man
divine right
his
in
1566.
From
sent
He was
Guernsey and
Protestant
Jersey, where he
first
94
ministers
;
of
God's
He
labored there in a
From
was
was
his island-home,
He
after
become Professor
of Divinity at the
;
and soon
made preacher
In 1587 he
of the French
Church
in that city.
came
to
England with
of the
in
became master
grammar-school
Southampton, where,
the
many
distin-
guished pupils.
other Presbyterians.
tise
He
were collected
,1611.
They
are
"Oxglory
ford divines,"
occasion to Mac-
" The
HADRIAN SARAVIA.
class
95
of the
British
people,
is
made Doctor
of Divinity
at the
University of Leyden.
and
his
This
to
last
it
was
He added
the rector-
some
eight years
He
died
at
Thus
his fluctuat-
ing
life
ended
and a peaceful
death.
He
er
is
said,
by Anthony a-Wood,
all
to
have been
" educated in
days,
especially
several languages."
It
was
the great.
him
in high
esteem,
his aid in
conducting his
In par-
much on
Dr. Sa-
"Hebrew
" the
Hugh
foot
Broughton, that
Puritan,
whom
Lightre-
styles
in
great
Albionean
divine,
nowned
many
96
with
all
Thus
the Preben-
and was, no
of
and studies.
was preparing
his celebrated
Laws
of Ecclesiastical Polity."
" These
two
excellent persons
to so
their
;
two
wills
seemed
to
and their
the church,
still
assisting
other's virtues,
peaceable piety."
RICHARD CLARKE
JOHN LAIFIELD.
97
RICHARD CLARKE.
Dr. Clarke
College,
is
Cambridge
He was Vicar
Canafter
Monkton
in
terbury.
He
died in
1634.
Three years
his
volume of
learned sermons
was published.
But alas
When
Gill's
volumin!"
JOHN LAIFIELD.
Dr. Laifield was Fellow of Trinity College,
bridge,
CamClesaid,
St.
is
Of him
it
was much
1617.
relied on
of the tab-
He
Few
things are
more
than the
be
98
ROBERT TIGHE.
This name, in
all
the
printed
lists
It
of the
should
at
be
Teigh or Tighe
*
;
Dr. Tighe
was born
Deeping, Lincolnshire
ly
at
Oxford,
and partly
Cambridge.
He He
1620,
profound linguist."
leaving to his
Dr.
Tighe died
in
pounds a year
cause so
profession.
which
is
rarely done
by men of the
FRANCIS BURLEIGH.
Dr. Burleigh, or Burghley, was
Bishop's Stortford in
made Vicar
of
1590, which
benefice he
held at the time of his appointment to the important service of this Bible translation.
* See
Le Neve's Fast
Also Wood's
Athena,
GEOFFRY KING
RICHARD THOMPSON.
99
GEOFFRY KING.
Mr. King was Fellow of King's College, Cambridge.
It
is
fair
token
of his
fitness
to
as
University.
Men were
they
would
qualify themselves
RICHARD THOMPSON.
Mr. Thompson,
at the
Accord-
Wood
lish parents."
By
was
ism."
Of the
The
was wont
when he was appointed Hebrew professor at Andover, all he knew of the language was, that askWai meant blessed, and ha-ish meant the man ! Psalm 1:1.
100
been revealed."
If " sin
more
serious error
imputed
to
Mr. Thompson
is
intemperance in his he
later years.
is
As
who was
" better
at
known
home."
in Italy, France,
WILLIAM BEDWELL.
Mr. Bedwell was educated at
St. John's College,
Cambridge.
He was
He died at his vicarage, at the age of seventy, May 5th, 1632, justly reputed to have been " an eminent oriental scholar."* He
Cross, near London.
John
the
press
of Raphelengius,
at
Antwerp,
in
1612.
He
also left
to
the
University
of
numerous
*He
is
tongues, as learned a
man
as
times.''
WILLIAM BEDWELL.
101
them.
that
alist,
when Erpenius,
was much
To
first
who com-
monly enjoys
who
Europe.
ist
He was
Lexicon
to
in three
volumes
and went
to
Holland
make
work
Cambridge
Some modern
we have an advantage
translators of
times
over the
of the
at
supposed to be paid
called the
"cognate" and
102
by which
evident,
in
sacred criticism.
which
still
is
at Oxford.
"A
Koran."
To
this
was annexed
or
his "
Arabian
is
Trudgeman."
Trudgeman
truckman
the
word Dragoman
This
He
poses, like what we call Gunter's Scale, which went by the name of " Bedwell's Ruler."
we have
of
Westminster
Company,
ten
members,
to
whom was
says, "
of the
Kings."
EDWARD
LIVELY.
of
103
transthis
King James's
meetings in Cambridge.
To
section
was assigned
from the beginning of Chronicles to the end of " The Song of Songs, which is Solomon's." The
eight
men
to
whom
this
work was
EDWAUD
He
guists
is
LIVELY,
commemorated
world."
in the
He was
a student, and
Cam-
He
to
and appears
in
the
oriental tongues.
in
;
But
his
death,
all
and
commencement
of the work.
his too
Some say
close
was hastened by
104
many
and the
mother of a
for
by Dr.
to
the business
of the great
Translation.
He
good
He was
author
work on chronology.
Dr. Pusey,
whom Pococke
He-
never mentions but with great respect, was probably, next to Pococke, the greatest of our
braists."
JOHN RICHARDSON.
This profound divine was born at Linton, in
Cambridgeshire.
uel
College,
;
He was
first
Fellow of Eman-
1608 to 1615
lege.
He was
He was
in 1617,
and again
in 1618.
He
died in 1625.
JOHN RICHARDSON.
and was buried
left
105
in
He
house.
He was
as every
for,
as Cole-
man mind
its
and
at
past,
future conquests."
at seats of
In those days,
men
to
w eapons
r
of logic,
dia-
fence."
As
to display
and strength
in
running at
Those
sure to be got up
whenever the
king, or
halls of science
were
visited
;
by the
and the
much
absorbing
in-
Romans.
On
was
visiting
5*
106
in divinity
was kept
for
ment.
all
comers,
who
namely, that kings might never be excomWell did Dr. Davenant urge the
till
municated.
wordy war,
to the admiration
excommunicated
poser
Ambrose
!"*
calmly rejoined,
To
this,
Dr. Richardson
response, and
worthy of Alexander
This
is
And
so
The mild
hoc
est
non
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
which independence and submission are
107
happily-
combined, presents him in such a light as to constrain us to regret that this detached incident
is
about
all
we know
the man.
We
wise and
of the
faithful, as
Book
of God.
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
This divine was a staunch Puritan, brave and
godly, learned and laborious, full of moderation
He was
born
at
year 1537.
His
which
religion
he was
carefully bred.
Being
was
Here he be
came
a pious protestant
as
entered,
student,
at
College,
Cam-
bridge.
Oh
ity-students
might be trained
in
Christ's
own
Teacher himself
108
Mr. Cha-
some pecuniary
" sent
but
him a
;"
to
go a-begging
and
The son
His
had no occasion
high
character
favor
;
and
scholarship
procured
him
much
promises of the Saviour, for whose sake he had " endured the loss of
first
all
things."
He
took his
He became
Master
in
1571
1584.
He
in Divinity
1613,
when
it
when
remarking upon
is
this
matter,
'
writes,
"
What
said of
Mount Caucasus,
top,'
that
it
was
was
true of
reverend father,
whom
generation
knew
gray-headed."
"He made
skilled in them.
in-
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
109
seemed
to promise
any aid
This
is
to the
evident
in his
handwriting appended
are
still
pre-
In this
and temper.
at St. Cle-
ment's Church, in Cambridge, where his preaching was greatly blessed. In 1578, he delivered
About
was ap-
salary.
It
was thought
best,
perhaps,
An
edition of the
Hebrew
Bible, printed
by Bomberg,
at
Venice, in 1518.
f Yita Laurentii
Cantab. 1700.
Chadertoni, a
15,
W.
Dillingham, S. T. P.
Pp.
24.
110
know
Queen
Elizabeth's
College,
to
noted
at
statesmen,
Sir
founded
Emanuel
Cambridge.
Walter
became an
it."
God
And
truly,
it
should yield
and
piety,
which stands
in
superstition
and formal-
Emanuel College
was
built in the
chapel,
by order of the
founder,
uncanonical direction of
after,
who had
it
pulled down,
and rebuilt
and west,
way
it
to convert
it
was
an over-
turn,
It is likely,
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
liarities
Ill
this
College are to
be
ascribed
to
the
position in
which the
its
Master.
For
this
important
office,
Sir
The modesty
told him,
of the latter
made him
Sir
quite reso-
"
till
Walter plainly
If
you
Upon
and
this,
Dr. Chaderton
accepted the
office
filled it
Through
institution
his
exertions, the
endowments
it
became
useful
a nursing
men.
At the Hampton Court Conference,
Dr. Chaderton
1603,
ap-
four divines
Dr. Chaderton,
was merely
a royal farce,
avow
its
because of
power.
of the
Coleridge,
who was
a staunch adherent
112
Hampton
Court
affair.
shew me any
er in the reign of
in
Mary,
for
w ill
T
be thankful to
him
my
heart,
and
him
in
my
prayers.
One
difference I see,
namely, that
Testament
to
fessing the
New
guide, and
making the
fallibility of all
churches
in-
and individuals an
consistent,
article of faith,
were more
and therefore,
popish persecutors."*
It
was during
his mastership of
ble translation, in
fitted
"
He was
scholar,
Having
reached his three score years and ten, his knowledge was fully digested, and his experience matured, while " his natural force
* Literary Remains,
II. 388.
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
and
his faculties
113
fire.
Even
Many
divines
tained.
for
its
among
the
disqualified
by
infirmity
after his
death, a di-
waiting his
chance, would be thrust into the place by the interference of the Court.
business
was
so
was inducted
Dr. Chaderton's
The
and
to see Dr.
San-
and
station.
This
latter
incumbent
preached
Dr.
Dr.
Holdsworth
used
to tell
was forced
to be
The
The most
to
its
life
must come
end.
114
But
all
mistakes are
at the entrance of
Emanuel College
as follows;
Here
lies
the body of
D.,
Lawrence Chaderton, D.
who was
the first Master of this College. He died in the year 1640, in the one hundred and third year of his age.
Herefordshire, a
the Morish before
King James,
Their contempo-
He was
were such
greatly
as
venerated.
All
his
habits
During the
fifty-three years
of his married
life,
he never suffered any of his servants to be detained from public worship by the preparation of
food, or other household cares.
He
used to say,
LAWRENCE CHADERTON.
115
servants to
"I
know
Lord's
desire as
much
as
to
have
my
the Lord,
myself."
;
though
the
regard to
the
in
Day may
Chaderton
excite
scorn of some
Dr.
is
described by Archdeacon
Echard, as
er."
"a
As an instance
power
in the pulpit,
we
which
could
place
any w here on
r
It is stated
on
some
he was
preach.
paused and
said,
"
will
marvel
for the
" For
on
!"
"When,"
I reflect
interest
came
I
to
their
hour-and-two-hour-long
sermons,
mind of
116
the many.
The
"
What
is
preaching.
But
where
we
find
men
for the
work
?
like those
FRANCIS DILLINGHAM.
He was
bridge.
was
finished,
he
in
became parson
Bedfordshire.
native
place,
rich
He
also
obtained the
be-
My
father,"
their
commendation.
* That
is,
ROGER ANDREWS.
U7
seem,
epoch, for the scholars in that age, thence to date their seniority." From this, it would
was not without reason styled the "great Grecian." He was noted as an excellent linguist
that he
theological
and a subtle disputant, and was author of various treatises. His brother and heir,
Thomas Dillingham, also minister of Dean, was chosen one of the famous Assembly of Divines at Westminster; but on account of age, illness,
and for other reasons, did not take his seat. Francis Dillingham was a diligent writer, both
of practical
and
polemical
divinity.
He
col-
lected out of Cardinal Bellarmine's writings, all the concessions made by that acute author in
favor of Protestantism.
He
published a Manual
ROGER ANDREWS.
who had been Fellow in Pembroke Hall, was Master of Jesus College, CamDr. Andrews,
bridge.
He
in
also
118
has been
first
com-
THOMAS HARRISON.
He had been
College, Cambridge
Thomas
Fuller re-
him
?
in
an
Did
he,'
said he,
'
name me
Did he
And when
not,
it
named him
was
re-
'
We
have
"
On
Hebrew
to be
and Greek idioms, he was one of the chief examiners in the University of those
who sought
Harrisonus
7.
Honoratus,
etc.
a C. Dalechampio.
Cantab,
1632. P.
ROBERT SPAULDING.
119
ROBERT SPAULDING.
Dr. Spaulding was Fellow of St. John's College,
Cambridge.
He
of
whom we
fessor of
Hebrew.
ANDREW
Dr.
bridge.
RING.
King,
who was
Archdeacon of Norwich
the timeS of the
in 1618.
He
died during
Commonwealth.
These
brief notices
suffice
to
members
of this
company deserved
among
ful
the translators.
of these
The
lives
marked
incidents
still
work.
120
The
company
famous seat
fully equal to
any other
of
these
companies
portant undertaking.
division
The
JOHN HARDING.
This divine was president
station
his
in his
company
bat
brethren
little
relating to
his character
has come
down
to
our times.
to
The
filled
by him
were such as
occupied
in
this
At the time of
translation
appointment to aid
in the
of the
of
Bible,
in
Professor
Hebrew
University
fer
at
thirteen years.
a time
when
was
he occupied.
When
JOHN HARDING
JOHN REYNOLDS.
121
also
was
He was
at the
of Halsey, in Oxfordshire.
The
portion of the
The
skill
which
it is
accomplished are a
problem, "
nearest
the the
JOHN REYNOLDS
This famous divine, though he died in the
course of the good work, deserves especial mention,
because
itself
it
was by
his
means
that the
good
work
was undertaken.
He was
born in
Penhoe,
in
He
days within
its
precincts.
Though
which he
he at
was
chiefly bred at
Corpus
Christi,
became
Fellow
in
1566,
6
at the
122
in
ripe-
About
this
John
for protestantism.
Each,
in
and
As the
result of
an
inveterate
papist,
and so lived
and
died.
From
Having
" divinity-acts"
of the
University,
he was
drawn
Determined
to explore the
whole
field,
all
the an-
Nor
JOHN REYNOLDS.
of reading roll out of his
in.
123
it
mind
as fast as
poured
It is
memory was
little less
than miraculous.
He
He came
;"
to be styled
treasury of erudition
living library,
challenged
all
the learned
men
in the nation
to a public debate.
At the
solicitation of
one of
counsellors, Mr.
Rey-
After several
combats,
An
the reputa-
who soon
Queen
in the Univer-
Rome,
in the
English Sem-
As
fast as
he delivered his
in writing,
popish doctrine,
it
Reynolds
it
who, from
at
publicly
confuted
Oxford.
124
said,
that
founded by the royal bounty for the express purpose of strengthening the
against the Church of
the breach
Church of England
of widening
Rome, and
;
between them
nolds
was
first
corruptions of
period,
Rome.
were of a very
But even
at
Ox-
Dr.
ric of
for
many
which was
endowed
of
Church
there
what
ism.
is
now
called
by the sublime
title
of Pusey-
The
first
held, as Archbishop
that the
primitive church-government
in
its
character.
JOHN REYNOLDS.
nor any other form
"of discipline,
125
was
divinely-
They
civil
con-
to
gov-
would
of circumstances.
jects
They held
conform
to the
commonly
called Erastianism.
The claim
in
of a
in
was
first
advanced
It
England
behalf of Presbyterianism.
ly
asserted
Cartwright.
Some
took the hint, and set up the same claim in behalf of their order
;
though, at
first,
it
sounded
own
brethren.*
'
putting
all in-
At
this,
the Bjshop,
sit-
his staff
saying,
Peter!'
say,
To
more
to
my
lord,
and then
have done
:'
and so finished
his sub-
126
and
main-
di-
This startling
Sir Frandistin-
Knollys,
one
of
Queen Elizabeth's
guished
statesmen,
it.
remonstrated
warmly with
Whitgift against
who had
serves,
Church, for
all
priests,
word
nus,
afterwards
Calvin,
our-
and
Luther,
Among
we have
bishops,
the
Queen's professors
men, as Bradford,
&c.
Jt is
But
why
do
Reformed Churches
Scotland,
oi
Helvetia,
Savoy,
France,
Germany,
Low
JOHN REYNOLDS.
these have
127
approved that
for
sound doctrine,
was
overseen,
when he announced
the superiority
own ordinance."
be disappointed.
in fashion
Banever
7
croft's
since.
w anting many w ho
T
soundly hold,
the
w ords
r
of Reynolds, that
is
"unto us
Christians,
;
no land
is
;
strange,
no
ground unholy
every coast
and every
faithful
faithful body,
a temple to
aroor,^
God
or
in.
The presence
of
Christ
two
three,
men
to notice the
eminent
gifts
Reynolds.
coln,
In 1598, she
The
128
dignity he
his studious
academical
supposed, how-
had much
to
do
office.
He
which
Mastership
of Queen's
College,
latter post
He was
tive
was exceedingly
with papistry.
ac-
and useful
till
his death.
The
upon them
to
make
of
The
an
this
Fellows, however,
rison,
made
of
formerly
one
number,
but
open Romanist.
election
void,
and commanded
refusal,
elect
Cole.
On
their
Dr.
Horn, Bishop of
w as
T
sent
induct Cole
which he
did, but
not
till
he
commission,
harmony
in that
JOHN REYNOLDS.
society.
129
In
1579,
Dr. Reynolds
was expelled
from
his College,
On what
It
ground
this
was done
not known.
was the
act of Dr.
the
of
College,
Warwick.
members
of
were
restored by
the
agency
this
Secretary Walsingham.
In
1586,
Sir
Francis Walsingham offered a stipend for a lectureship on controversial divinity, for the purpose,
as Heylin, that rabid Laudian, says, of
making
Dr.
Reynolds
and
for that
;
in the
College
as
he says,
place."
He
of
and was
Master there,
President
became
on
the
Corpus Christi
1598,
hard to secure the post; but by the firm procedure of that "so noble- and worthy knight Sir
Francis Walsingham," Dr. Reynolds carried the
day.
in 1603, to
be one
130
of the
Puritan interest
ference.
who should represent the the Hampton Court Conand confronted the
many
deans.
The
who
ac-
advantage.
It
is
own
"mock
conference," as Rapin
so
the
Puritans were
overborne with
of no use
to
their peace.
was merely
to
meant
to pursue.
that
resulted
from
this
op-
The
other
King
nearly
every
1.
"That the
to
all
God's word.
JOHN REYNOLDS.
Dr. Reynolds, consented
a
that
131
there
should be
of Translators,
skill in the
Hebrew
and Greek.
bringing
He
all his
completed.
In
the
progress
of
it,
he was
During
his decline,
the
company
to
Thus he ended
even
Word
to
of
life
everlasting."
His
days
intense
were
thought
be
shortened by too
application to study.
to desist,
he would
perdere
not lose
churches,
to
3.
God's word.
fitted to
4.
Common
Prayer might be
more
in-
132
During
in prayer,
and
in hear-
The
He was much
but
to testify to
faith
which
have taught
in
my
life,
both in
my
preachings and
my
writings, with an
assured
hope of
my
salvation, only
my
Saviour."
The
in
next day,
May
21st, 1607,
he
He
was buried
good men.
numerous
writings,
in
high esteem.
cynical toward
was
ing
;
kinds of learn-
most excellent
in all
tongues."
"He was
;
and
a word,
JOHN REYNOLDS.
the
133
.Dr.
grand
favor er
of
non-conformity."
all writers,
profane,
and divine
and
all
He was most
ex-
or ornamental to a
He had
a grave
in-
He was
if
and
sciences, as
each
of them.
And
life,
and
sanctity of
ous, that to
itself." ter,
name Reynolds
to
commend virtue
From
let
" He
of
all
alone was a
faculties,
all
well-furnished
studies,
library,
full
and
all
learning.
ing of that
man were
near to a miracle."
company
of Translators.
in
to inspire confidence
version than
the
knowledge of
their
incredible to the
superficial
of
smatterers,
to
sciolists,
and pretenders.
is
How
much more
be coveted
the accumulation of
134
knowledge,
riches to
and
the
Who
THOMAS HOLLAND.
This good
shire,
in
at
Ludlow,
in
Shrop-
He was
educated at
in 1570,
Three years
after,
he was
;
of Baliol College
and
Anthony
in
Wood
says,
was
mighty
er,
the Scriptures,"
also " a
in
divine."
Divinity in
1584.
the
as governor
In 1589, he succeeded
as the
Lawrence Humphrey
and
he was
eminently qualified,
in
which he
THOMAS HOLLAND.
trained up
135
many
distinguished scholars.
He was
1592; an
he
filled
a prodigy of literature.
to the continent, and he
in the universities
was held
in
high esteem
of Europe.
As
to his character,
he was a
man
of ardent
piety, a
thorough Calvinist
in doctrine,
and a de-
mony and
versity
church-discipline.
debates,
he
nor at
all
superior to
God."
tions
He
stoutly
When
the exe-
crable
of Canterbury,
his exercises
in 1604,
For
this,
the
young aspirant was sharply and puband who severely reprehended that
England, as
" one
licly
the occasion
who
136
His
extemporary
discourses
were
As a
student,
it
was
was
In the trans-
This was
died
the
crowning work of
his life.
He
March
16th, 1612, a
few months
after this
He
years.
The
and the
life his
most
Sickness
departure he exclaimed,
Jesus,
thou bright
;
and morning
Come,
Lord Jesus
thee."
He was
nities in the
One
lators,
In
this
sermon
it
is
said
of him,
" that
he
137
all
knowledge of
all
the learned
languages,
and of
divine.
arts
human and
tures
;
He was mighty
Fathers, as
and so versed
the
Schoolmen, as
if
he were
Seraphic Doctor.
He
about
He was
and
all
other
all
In illustration
superus,
that,
whenever he took
together the Fellows of his College, for his parting charge, which always ended thus,
"I
com-
mend you
of
all
to the love of
He
published
several
left
He
but
138
RICHARD KILBY.
those
grave
Kilby.
He was
Wreak,
in Liecestershire.
at
He went
to
Oxford
of Lincoln College, in
1577.
He
made Prebendary
He was
in that
con-
sidered so
accurate in
Hebrew
studies, that he
branch
Among
commentary on Exodus,
draw n from
T
He
all
There
is
The
is
incident, as de-
such a
fine his-
RICHARD KILBY.
purpose
of this
little
139
it
volume, that
must be
given in Walton's
own words.
"
my
a
reader,
and
tell
him
was
man
of so great learn-
Hebrew
made
professor of
it
in this University
and that
dis-
The Docand
and
was
to
resting on
church
part of the hour allotted for his sermon in exceptions against the late translation of several words,
and
word
When
in-
where, aftei
told him, he
his auditors'
ears
with needless
140
and
for
word
for
which he offered
why
ought to have
been translated as he
considered
all
said,
them,
V
considerable reasons
why
it
'
was translated
as
now
printed
attending him,)
To which
not.'
Mr. Sanderson
said,
'
He hoped
he should
And
'
He would
And
Izaac's
so
return
to Oxford."
pen
may
serve to illustrate the magisterial bearing of the " heads of colleges," and other great divines of
the
humility and
It also
submissiveness
younger brethren.
furnishes an incidental
When we
hear
young
by
common
ver-
sion,
it
ought to have
MILES SMITH.
rition of Dr. Kilby's
141
them.
susceptible of
is
improvement
but this
;
not a
nor can it be very often attempted without shaking the confidence of the
common
people
in
our unsurpassed
MILES SMITH.
This person, who was largely occupied in the
Bible translation, was born at Hereford.
ther had
His
fa-
made
good fortune as a
fletcher,
or a
maker
of
prosperous trade
The
in
son
was entered
at
1568;
where he took
his degrees,
at length
an incomparable theologist."
chaplains of Christ's Church.
He was
one of the
His attainments
in
classical
and oriental
He became
canon-residentiary of the
In 1594, he
was
142
company, but
which
was referred
employed
to
tion of Dr.
Last of
that
is
all,
write
most
so
become
and
is
so
ble
which
of no particular value,
This noble
Preface,
addressed by
" the
first edition,
to
glorious city."
Let the reader who would judge for himself, whether our Translators were masters of the science of sacred criticism, peruse
it,
and be
satisfied.
He
died,
much lamented,
MILES SMITH.
in
143
1624,
buried in his
own
cathedral.
He went
making
his annotations
He was
comments.
So expert was he
"
in
the Chaldee,
Syriac, and Arabic, that they were almost as familiar as his native tongue.
his fingers' ends."
He was
also
at in
and was
cha-
ing library."
were written
hand
to
the work.
it
to speak of
rest
as
owing more
him than
to the
of the
Translators.
We may
sum up
stiffly
who
Laud
says,
"He
opposed to his
was a
and hated
144
RICHARD BRETT.
This reverend clergyman was of a respectable
family, and
was born
at
London,
in 1567.
He
degree.
He was
Having, taken
of Quainton in Buckinghamshire, in
fice
which beneDoctor
in
He was made
T
Divinity in 1605.
in his
time
piety.
"He was
in
and versed
to a criti-
cism"
the
Latin,
He
published a
It is re-
number
corded of him,
pastor, a
" he
was
a most
vigilant
diligent
preacher of God's
w ord,
T
MR. FAIRCLOUGH.
145
MR. FAIUCLOUGH.
means
of this
company
wise
to
who
is
designated simply
known
is
which, strange
say,
name
of his
enti-
Fairclough.
This
is
distinctly
asserted by his
life
at the
end of a book,
priest
ground
He
was, however,
;
and
devolved on
him
to
Reynolds,
who
work.
much
146
The
chiefly
of
Daniel
Fairclough,
or
is
Featley, to call
Oxfordshire,
He
stood
was admitted
and
in
to
in
1594;
1602.
He
Thomas Ed-
chaplain, where
Here he held
many "tough
Sorbonne,
and
His
opponents
;"
and
;
him
match
in
their
boasted
logic
As tough
as learned Sorbonuist."
On
1613,
when he
Soon
became Rector
after,
of Northill, in Cornwall.
he was
by
whom
beth, in Surrey.
About
the
Arch-
bishop
gave
him
rectory
of
Allhallows
MR. FAIRCLOUGH.
147
This he soon
exchanged
Acton, in Middlesex.
;
He was
and, at
Divines at Westminster.
who were
for
liament.
bishop
Some of his correspondence with ArchUsher, who was then with the King at
In this correspondence,
sol-
for this,
was
cast
He was
and
his rectories
him.
The
health, he
to Chelsea College.
of stature, yet he
had a great
in
and had
all
learning compacted
him."
He
and
treatises,
great
many
manuscripts.
"but the
148
word
is
believed, he
The
fourth
company
was composed
of Oxford divines
and
to
them,
THOMAS
RAYIS.
at
Maiden,
in
the
County
School;
of Surrey.
He was
bred at Westminster
in
1575, as student
Oxford colleges.
As
it is
a matter of
some
interest,
shewing that
in
1589,
and
in
1595,
THOMAS RAVIS.
he was made Doctor in Divinity.
sive degrees
149
The
succes-
belonging to the
en
is
enough
of their respective
The next
year, he
became Canon
stall
of Westminster,
in
Two
Dean
Church College.
He was
also, in
at All-hallows
Church
for the
rectory of
Islip.
He
also
in
Berkshire.
livings
mark him
man.
His holding
Hampton
Court.
many
learned
men
at the universities to
had more
150
"
wish,
therefore," said
coats, or one
may have
single
living,
ties."
To
this,
of
own
ribs
thoroughly
the thrifty
investitures,
is
made
This prelate, a
Puritans,
little
was reputed
to
way
of penu-
rious hoardings.
The
graceless
wags
of his
day
made
this epitaph
" Here
upon him
Grace, in cold clay clad,
lies his
Who
what he had
!"
The
a
man
of
which he takes no
flock
he
continued in the
eager suitors.
Three years
he was trans-
Anthony Wood
THOMAS RAVIS.
says, that he
151
of
was
first
Gloucester, which he
accepted,
on
dence
his diocese
"was
pretty
who could
by
his
name
of a bishop, yet,
episcopal living
their love,
and a good
dation
worse on
So
being translated"
No
ing Puritans.
Among others,
nearly
fifty
WeaIn
thersfield,
than whom,
said,
was
" By
the hel A)
of Jesus,
diocese,
will
my
who doth
prelate
The poor
was doomed
152
On
account of
and
his
it
tion
was completed,
Though
too
much
carried
away
by a zeal
for the
and died
in deserved
still
respect,
and hath a
monument
St. Paul's.
GEORGE ABBOT.
This distinguished ecclesiastic was a native of
Guildford, in Surrey.
parents,
He was
cruelty.
the
times
He was
College,
born
was entered
ford
In
;
as a student of Baliol
Ox-
and
in 1583,
became
a popular
preacher
the
University.
in
He was
;
created
Doctor of Divinity,
after,
1597
At
this
with
William
GEORGE ABBOT.
153
Laud, which lasted with great severity as long as Abbot lived. Dr. Abbot was a Calvinist and a
moderate Churchman
Arminian, and
while Dr.
Laud was an
at
Rome,
at
if
he had
Canterbury.
In 1598, Dr. Abbot published a Latin work,
in
Germany.
same honorable
this time,
was about
was put
Dunbar
in establishing a in that
kingdom.
so
James had
him
much
that he
ever after
and preferments.
field
He was made
Bishop of Litch-
and then,
to the see of
London. In
than
fifteen
months
154
and Primate of
England.
Though an
excellent preacher, he
in the pastoral office,
When
in
the highest
In
all
bore
principal
in matters
part.
And
yet,
at times,
he
showed,
such as
to the
domineer-
Thus
it
was,
when
the
strict
observ-
was
and hinder
Book
of
Sports."
ar-
chery, leaping,
ales,
or morrice-dances, setting
GEORGE ABBOT.
ble edict
155
was required
to be read
Its
by
all
ministers
in their parish-churches.
promulgation greatclergy,
ly troubled the
who expected
be brought into
difficulty
by
shameful document.
its
enforce-
to
time of
its
publicafor the
The
opposition
;
was
too
much, even
ruthless king
and
he,
at last,
was
in 1619,
that the
Archbishop founded
it
from his
pri-
vate property.
had recourse
by medical
advice, as a
means of restoring
never been
in
This sort of
exercise
has
among
ing
ecclesiastics.
"we
While
Grace of Canin
terbury
Bramshill
at a deer,
156
keep
cause of great
the rest of his
During
fast,
life,
he observed a monthly
on
He
also set-
man
For
a celibate,
there
and
all
the
This
many hard
shots from
to
them
that liked
him
not.
Once returning
men, from
curiosity,
The Archbishop, who hated to be stared at, and was never fond of females, exclaimed somewhat churlishly, " What make these women here !"
Upon
this
to shoot an
arrow
at
us
!"
It
is
this
went
was
canon-
law allows no
"man
GEORGE ABBOT.
157
who had
pital at Guildford,
his cleri-
cal functions.
a commission
the Archbishop
was
this involun-
tary homicide
divines
was the
general
that
the fact
did disqualify.
Nevertheless, King James, in his usurped character as supreme head of the English Church, an
office
w hich
T
King
and
of
a full pardon
dis-
Still,
several
newly-appointed bishops,
consecration, and
awaiting
virtues
administration.
in the
following
Royal, of Spain.
Though
this foolish,
unpopu
158
lar,
who was
quite unused
by
his courtiers,
confidence
the
King's
death in 1625.
When
throne,
Charles
the
First
succeeded to the
he
Archbishop of
latter
His
The matter
been
his
of
re-
for
sequestra-
which he did
commision of
the
exercise
Ford; and
in
1627, appointed a
five prelates, to
of
his
archiepiscopal
London
Dr.
Neile,
Bishop of
;
Durham
the
Dr.
Howson, Bishop
of Oxford
When
drawn up
manifest
give
much
the
"
Then
and
me
pen!" said
Bishop Laud;
GEORGE ABBOT.
" though last in place,
first
159
From
that time,
it
is
;
said,
known
fickle
to
laugh
and
became
quite
dead
to the world.
king saw
fit
to
He was
received, as he stepped
out of his
them conducted
his
into
hand
to fail of attendance
He
sat in the
House
of Peers,
and continued
in his
spiritual
till
functions
his
death some
years after,
when he was
and
suc-
ceeded
rival,
in his see
by
his implacable
ill-starred
William Laud.
made him
was
influ-
popular
in the
restoration
The Archbishop
stiffly
which raised
such an
excitement.
"
160
maintained, as was supposed with the royal approbation, "that the King's royal will and
comaids,
mand,
upon
in
common
consent in par-
consciences of the
fuse the
tion."
same without
peril
of eternal
right
damna-
of kings
with a vengeance
office
during
civil
wars,
till
he died,
at his
palace of Croydon, on
at the
age of seveninfirmities.
He was
morals.
man,
and of a very
He was
Churc-h-of-England-man.
He was somewhat
;
in-
but the
more zealous of them accused him sharply of being a persecutor, while the high-toned church-
disloyalty to
shepherd
of shepherds, before
sympathy
GEORGE ABBOT.
161
He was
shield
delinquents
judges,
who would
visit
He
was, in truth,
and
melancholy.
As compared
with his
brother,
it
was
George, and
of these
smile in Robert."
The
Mayor
other brother
of London.
as an excellent
Anthony
Wood
to
having his
is
of
t-he
old stamp,"
that
say,
He
published lectures on
the book of Jonah, and numerous treatises, mostly relating to the political
But
to
of the most
important of
all
literary fame.
162
RICHARD EEDES.
Dr. Eedes was a native of Bedfordshire,
at Sewell,
bom
At an early age
He became
arts,
He
and
two more
a
in
divinity.
In
to
1578,
he
be-
came
preacher, In
and arose
considerable
eminence.
ry
of of
1584, he
in
Yarminster,
;
cathedral
later,
church
Salisbury
of
became
to
Canon
Christ's
and
he
chaplain
Queen Elizabeth.
preferment he
was Dean of
He was
chaplain to
James
I.,
as he
had been
;
to the illustrious
queen
at
In his
like
some other
poetry
clergymen,
to
writing
and
plays
tiquarian
divine, an
of
ornament
and grace
to the pulpit."
He
at different times.
November
to
GILES TOMSON.
163
another was ap-
begun",
so that
let
But
GILES TOMSON.
This good
man was
don town."
lege,
Oxford
and, in 1580,
few years
he was
He
made
divinity
lecturer
Magdalen
as
College;
his friend,
chaplain to
Queen Elizabeth,
;
was
Prebendary of Repington;
;
Canon
residentiary of Hereford
in
and Rector of
Pembridge
Herefordshire.
He was
a most
eminent preacher.
ity
He
became Doctor
in
in Divin-
that
year, appointed
office,
Dean
of Windsor.
Dr.
Tomson took
164
He was
consecrated Bishop of
;
and a year
after,
who knew
is
Man
like
the flower,
whose
It is
full
bloom
is
Tomson never
visited
HENRY
SAVILE.
the " Mr. Savile,"
of Translators,
scholar afterwards
known
Savile
as
Henry
Savile
is
Wood
in
and others.
was born
30th,
at
Bradley,
" of an-
Yorkshire,
November
1549,
cient
He
gradu-
but afterIn
the Almagest of
Ptolemy, a collection of the geometrical and astronomical observations and problems of the ancients.
By
this exercise
HENRY
famous
for his
SAVILE.
165
vol-
untary lectures.
In
his
twenty-ninth
elsewhere,
year,
to
he
travelled
in
France and
literature
;
perfect
himself in
and men.
mathematics
He
to
,
Henry VIII.
ucation.
is
by Southey
daughters
to
have
set
the
ed-
example of giving
It
is
to
a learned
to her highest
honor, that
when
appears by
this
In 1686, he was
lege,
six
made Warden
he
filled
of Merton Col-
which
office
pros-
Ten
years later, he
added
lege,
reputa-
of
young
trees,
He was
no admirer of geniuses
but preferred
diligence to wit.
166
would look
be
the
for wits,
would go
to
Newgate
there
wits
!"
Soon
lators,
tion,
after his
having declined
of other promo-
whether
civil
or
ecclesiastical,
he
was
he
He
lius Tacitus,
w ith
T
notes.
He
also
published,
of
writings
the
;
and other
He
is
chiefly
first to edit
He
parts of
He
not only
critical
notes on
Andrew
two of
his fellow-laborers
HENRY
SAVILE.
167
His edition of
in 1613,
and
makes
eight
immense
folios.
amounted
was
fifty
years
before
all
the
sold.
The Benedictines
in
in Paris,
however,
England,
succeeded
of the
came from
By
may have
Henry
much
honor.
Sir
endowments
one of
is
It
re-
fall in
with
rival University of
Cam-
bridge.
*
of
Making the usual allowance for the difference in the value money then and now, he expended to the value of more than
!
168
worthy knight
Mr.
He made
still
Many
Sir
Henry
He was
styled,
" that
maga-
whose memory
learned
shall be honorafor
among
the
left
ever."
He
was married
net of Kent.
to Sir
Sir Henry's
was Margaret,
Henry was
a singularly handfiner
He was
deep
in
so
much
who was
not very
person standing by
was
to
year's end."
At
this retort
the lady
was not a
JOHN PERYN.
little
169
offended.
little
Lady Sa-
Harry
died, she
would burn
Chrysostom
for
killing
her husband.
To
this,
Henry much
assist-
ance in that laborious undertaking, meekly reTo him, plied, that " so to do were great pity."
the lady said, "
One
tles'
times,"
answered
the lady
the
enthusiastic
Whereupon
was much
him
appeased, and
From
it
may
be inferred
in all ages
whom
she
may
marry.
enough
that Sir
Henry
to
age
incomparable version.
JOHN PERYN.
Dr. Peryn
was
of St. John's
College,
Oxford,
where he was elected Fellow in 1575. He was the King's Professor of Greek in the University
;
170
in
1596.
He When
commission
to translate
in
the Bible,
Sussex.
His death
May
9th, 1615.
may w ith
T
was
fit
to take part,
in pre-
RALPH RAVENS.
This was the Vicar of Eyston Magna, who was
made Doctor
1616.
It is
of Divinity in 1595.
He
died in
act, for
;
some
and that
w ere
T
appointed in
work w as begun.
r
JOHN HARMAR.
native of
Newbury,
in
Berkshire.
He was
at
educated in William de
Wykeham's School
at
St.
Winchester
and also
Mary's College,
JOHN HARMAR.
founded by the same munificent
Oxford.
"
171
Wykeham
at
liam of
Wykeham,"
Mr. Harmar became a Fellow of his ColHe was appointed the King's lege in 1574.
Professor of Greek in 1585, being, at the time,
in holy
orders.
He was
head-master of Win-
Warden
of his
He became Doctor
1605.
1613.
He was
both of the school and the college of Wykeham's foundation. For all his preferments
libraries
He accompanied
Sorbonne.
that noble-
man
to Paris,
He
stood
of tall scholars,
the
literary
He
works
of
Chrysostom's
writings,
also
to
an
excellent
into
Sermons
Eng-
have been a
Calvinist,
style,
latino-.
excellent English
art of trans-
and an adept
in the difficult
Wood
172
Latinist, Grecian,
" always accounted a most solid theologist, admirably well read in the Fathers and
Schoolmen,
and
in his
Of him too
may
be
said, "
was worthy
their
past, present,
and
to
come.
WILLIAM BARLOW.
The
at
fifth
company
of Translators
was com-
New
The
president of this
company was
He
belonged to an anat
Barlow,
in Lancashire.
He was
He
grad-
1587
Hall
to a fellowship in Trinity
later,
Seven years
Archbishop Whitgift
made him
WILLIAM BARLOW.
173
He was
day,
who were
by profession, and
stu-
When
headed
the year
at
1600, Dr.
St. Paul's
He was now a
it till
he was made
Bishop of Lincoln.
at
the
and Dean
he
held
"
commendam "
death.
When, soon
was held
at
James Stuart
to the throne of
Hampton
moned, as we have
whom
moned
of their brethren.
To
confront
them, he sum-
gymen, of
the charge
different
At the
Church of England.
As soon
as they
174
ventured to specify any thing, they were browbeaten and hectored in the most abusive manner
In his
time,
it
when comparing
was common
to
;
distinguish
him by the
title
Queen James
and
King Elizabeth.
When
learned preceptor,
to
make such
was
cruel
enough
to reply, that
it
an incomparable adept
gy and " kingcraft," as he termed it, was quite in his element during the discussions at Hampton
Court.
He
God extemporaneousoff
for
Christ's
their
day
!"
set
This matter
is
fully,
we have
of this
It
given by the
Dean
of Chester.
WILLIAM BARLOW.
is
175
but a sorry-
make
Gagged
Indeed,
by royal
it
insolence, and
might
to
have an opportunity
to
throw
off his
mask, and
show himself
mined enemy
Church.
Dr.
in
in his
to
further
reformation
is
in
his
Barlow's
account
evidently
drawn up
make
weak and
T
witless as possible.
Had
the
pencil
altogether different.
The temcourt-
of his sycophantic
may
Dr. Barlow says, was excited by a definition of a Puritan, quoted from one Butler, a Cambridge
man,
" A Puritan
The
in the
is
popery
place
of
Romish popery.
some years
Their
after-
ward,
in
176
conqueror
who
could drive
so
;
his
chariot-wheels
to hinder his
as
so he who, in his
not
your
man
!"
As we have already
only
all
the
for a
new
his realm.
in
Dr. Barlow
was
actively
employed
rangements.
part in the
He was
work
also
appointed
to take
itself; in
London
parishes,
St.
Dunstan's in the
was made
to the
Bishop of Rochester.
He was promoted
till
dignity
his death.
He
died at
of getting the
at
bishopric of London.
his episcopal palace of
buried in
1613.
He
books
JOHN SPENCER.
177
the learned
men
of that erudite
generation of divines.
JOHN SPENCER.
This very learned
ty of Suffolk.
man was
He became
elected
Corpus
in
1577.
He was
Greek lecturer
His
election
vainly, opposed
by
in his ap-
Perhaps
this opposition
was
also
to
be ascribed to the
attached himself
fact, that
to
that party in
College
as
as
much
same College.
He was
Saravia,
and Savile, and Reynolds, the intimate friend of Richard Hooker, the author of that famous work,
"
The Laws
of
Ecclesiastical
of
Polity."
This
work,
in the preparation
8*
178
"had
is
its
author,
and
which he edited
to this
Hooker's death,
this
work
argument, however,
It is
is
" The
thus described by
architecture of the
;
for
it
rests
which, so long as
all
its
weight.
The
first is,
'
that the
Church of
make laws
that
'
well-being
;'
where the
authority
sacred
Scriptures
human
may
interpose.'
But
whole
edifice,
their seats,
it
is
common
if
ruin.
But
a Puritan
different
is
from
all
civil
societies, for
because
it,
Christ
had
framed a constitution
right
to inter-
pose
JOHN SPENCER.
different
;
179
in
elephant,
who who
Hooker
were committed
and assistant of
publication.
to
He
liter-
ary executorship,
began
still
mirer of Hooker.
The
publication
Hooker passed
When
He was
eventually one
of
King
and
James's
chaplains.
and
warm
patrons
of
their
celebrated
teacher.
Mrs. Spencer
that
was a
great-niece of
Thomas Cranmer,
bury,
his
Protestantism.
Spencer was
180
made Vicar
In 1599, he
was Vicar
of St. Sepulchre's,
beyond
Newgate, London.
He was made
President of
prebendal
stall in
Paul's,
London,
in
1612.
when he was
fifty-five
years of age.
Of
of
He was
work
preparing our
common
English version.
his pen,
We
sermon
his decease, of
Professor of
" full of elo-
Poetry
at Oxford, says,
is
quence, and
striking thoughts."
ROGER FENTON.
This clergyman was a native of Lancashire.
He was
ful,
University.
pious, learned,
was
admitted in 1601.
He
ROGER FENTON
181
Queen
to the
Rectory of
Sherehog,
which he resigned
Chigwell,
in
in 1606,
vicarage of
in
Essex.
He was
also collated,
Pancras
in St. Paul's
cathedral,
where he was
His prebendship of
(so
Newcourt
says,)
years.
communion-table of
is
St. Stephen's,
monument
erected to his
memory by
rishioners,
with an inscription expressing their eminent for his affection toward him as a pastor
described
as
His principal
publication
is
most "solid treatise" against usury. His Felton, another mate friend was Dr. Nicholas
inti-
London
dent
ler
;
minister.
The
is
related of
them by good
Thomas
Ful-
Once
my own
'Mr.
visit,
entertaining
him
any longer.
how
I
at this
my
dear friend,
Dr.
it
Felton,
now
a-dying.
must to
my
study,
182
God,
'
to
whom
be-
'
wittingly guid-
death to the
and
life to
the dying.
him more
By
that
Company, a wealthy
St.
guild,
to
whom
Stephen's
Church.
He was
also
society or college
of lawyers.
fitter to
He was
taken early
after-
ward
er a
fruit.
Nev-
forth,
This nameless
Andrews.
Dr.
in
"In
"
I
weakness and
dis-
ease were
RALPH HUTCHINSON
WM. DAK1NS.
183
Oh
rections .*
RALPH HUTCHINSON.
Dr. Hutchinson, at the time
of his
appoint-
in
1590.
is
This,
which
tell
marks him
of him.
as a learned
man,
all
we can
WILLIAM DAKINS.
He was
8th, 1587.
educated
at
admitted to
Trinity
Cambridge,
in 1593.
He was
chosen Fellow
in
May He
next
1601.
The
at
In 1604,
Gresh-
am
College, London.
He was
commendation
*
Heads
Non
184
King
himself.
The King
of Lon-
as
a remuneration
He was
in this
considered peculiarly
fit
to
be emskill in
ployed
sen
Dean
of Trinity College
but
died a few
months
after,
Though taken
in him,
away
in the
he
evidently stood in high repute as to his qualifications for a duty of such interest and importance.
MICHAEL RABBET.
All
we can
tell of
him
is,
that he
was a BachSt.
elor in Divinity,
MR. SANDERSON.
185
MR. SANDERSON.
is all
that
is left
to us with
any
Wood
mentions a
Archdeacon of Rochester
1606
but
The
sixth
and
last
company
at
all
of
King James's
Bible-translators
met
Cambridge.
To
this
of Scrip-
apocryphal books
1. Not one of them is in the Hebrew language, which was alone used by the inspired historians and poets of the Old Testament. 2. Not one of the writers lays any claim to inspiration. 3. These books were never acknowledged as sacred Scriptures by the Jewish Church, and therefore were never
lowing.
186
much
JOHN DUPORT.
The
of Ely.
president of this
He was
bred
at
son of
at
Shepshead,
Leicestershire.
He was
He was
a liberal benefactor
University
and
Rector of Harlton
Cambridgeshire.
He
after-
perpetual advowsance of
on
his College.
He was
soon after
a place
sanctioned
by our Lord.
Church.
as
is
4.
among the
Christian
but themselves
ochus Epiphanes
different places.
made
many
7.
6. It
and
sinless perfection.
It
magical incantation.
For these and other reasons, the Apocryall in Greek, except one which is extant
only in Latin, are valuable only as ancient documents, illustrative of the manners, language, opinions and history of the East.
JOHN DUPORT.
Rector of Bosworth and Medbourn,
County.
In 1583, he
in his
187
native
was
of Fulham, in Middlesex,
of parishes,
is
a clergy-
man
a sign of great
prosperity
as they
is
in the
or high officer in
church,
university,
or other corporation:
to
church
is
presentation
called the
sold,
" advowson."
These
inherit-
bequeathed or
They may
are under
be
owned by
little
who
If
very
to
fill
the
bishop
it
in great
trouble,
un
188
less he could
make
Meanwhile
who pay
matter, except in
They may
;
be dear-
who
is
set over
them.
they
to feed
all
the
convivial
rector,
fox-hunting
the
astonishing, that,
England
it is
is
And
rising
in
the
retained his
T
connection
After he
w as made Master
versity.
In 1585, he
became Precentor
in
of St.
Paul's,
London
and
1609,
w as made PrebenT
dary of Ely.
He
WM. BRA1NTHWA1TE
happy
in their
tinguished
Greek professor
and divine.
The
in his
man
in this
generation, for his agency in the final preparation of the Bible in English.
WILLIAM BRAINTHWAITE.
Of Dr. Brainthwaite we recover but
spent his
life in
little.
He
was
first
Emanuel
College,
at last
He was
in this
in the royal
commission as
a benefactor of
in
He was
;
and
1619,
was
These few
mark him
worshipful divine.
JEREMIAH RADCLIFFE.
Dr. Radcliffe was one of the Senior Fellows of
Trinity College,
Cambridge.
In 1588, he
was
190
Vicar of Evesham
later,
he was
Rector of Orwell.
College in 1597.
He was
both
is
Vice-Master of bis
was made
Doctor
ford. lar
in Divinity,
Thus
he, too,
to be
place in 1612.
SAMUEL WARD.
This was a
man
of mark,
" a
vast scholar."
in the
He was
of "
at
a native of Bishop's
Middleham,
county of Durham.
He
studied
at first a student of
Emanuel, and
He
his
entered upon
pied
it
and occutill
His college
flour-
ished
greatly under
his
administration.
all
Four
new
the
scholar-
new range
of
buildings erected,
all in his
time.
his
He was
dis
tinguished
for
the
gravity of
deportment,
SAMUEL WARD.
and
for the integrity
191
with which he
discharged
Archdeacon of Taunton
bendary of Wells.
in
1615,
him
to the rectory of
;
Hertford-
shire
lains.
and also appointed him one of his chapIn 1617, the excellent Dr.
Toby Mathew,
archbishop of York,
Ampleford
and
in
the
this stall
Dr.
Ward
as he
lived.
King James
Synod of
Dort, in Holland,
ton,
Davenant,
and Hall
as
to represent the
Church of
famous Council.
After a while
in the
own
request, on
account
of
sickness.
The
English
delegates
;
and
the
in
The
1618,
3d,
192
time, the
day
dred pounds
expenses
and also to
Synod
in session.
At
council,
Wal-
There were
mem-
of
whose churches
practised
the
The Church
head,"
of England, through
its
" supreme
all
Lord Jesus
its
Christ,
sitting
delegated
Surely the
spirit of the
Anglican Church
is
in
those
manifest-
The
by order of their
States General,
was
the
doctrinal dis-
SAMUEL WARD.
putes
193
the
established
which
then
convulsed
who adhered
and the followers of Arminius, who innovated upon the old order of things.
The
points in dispute
and
These
unanimous consent of
bers
of the
whole Synod.''
The Dordrechtan
in
Canons
It is
wisely
framed, so that
all
At the time of
hostile to
their adoption,
the Arminians.
lenient
He
soon, however,
became more
made
it
far
for the
194
purposes
than the
ism,
and
civil
despotism,
whose
principle
is
obedience to
God
The
in
answer
held,
all
it
to a question as
was
wittily said,
the
made a tour through the provinces of Holland, and w ere received With great respect in most of the principal cities. On his return, Dr.
egates
T
Ward resumed
lege.
his duties as
University.
made
the
of Divinity,
which
The English
in translating,
Bible,
which
he actively assisted
published
in
was formally
of the press
l&ll.
Some
errors
first edition,
First,
1638,
Cambridge, which
Bois, twT o of
who
still
survived, as-
learned men.
SAMUEL WARD.
195
When
at
was convened
In doctrine,
in
Westminster,
as a
Thomas
with the
tide.
In a word,
he was accounted a
the
same, was
When
hostilities
Cambridge,
in
whose characvirtues,
partially
has
been so
" Faithlessness," says that philosophic historian, " was the chief cause of his disasters, and
chief stam on his
is
the
memory.
He
was, in truth,
crooked ways.
conscience,
It
may seem
which,
on occasions of
sensitive,
moBut
ment, was
sufficiently
should
never
may
196
seem severe
competent
ly one of the
but
its
truth
is
maintained by other
critics.
worse
monarchs
I.,
but of him
in
my
hon-
est
Ward, no doubt,
by
like
many
other good
men
w ho
T
was com-
pelled,
In consequence of his
to
be
the
prived Dr.
ship,
Ward
and confiscated
He was
also, in
in St. John's
College for
time.
During
his confine-
six
weeks
after
his
liberation,
which
was
He
in
died, in
an advanced age,
1643, and
was the
Chapel.
first
beautiful character
drawn
in
some
Thomas
is
by Fuller ;
SAMUEL WARD.
" None thy quick sight, grave judgment, can beguile, So skilled in tongues, so sinewy in style
197
Add
Dr.
Ward
maintained
much correspondence
traits
with learned
men.
cism.*
"
He was
Indeed, when, in
my
private thoughts, I
whether more
endowments,)
difTerent, or
I
more eminent
in their
E ginhardus.
f Samuel Collins, Provost of King's College, and for forty years Regius Professor. "As Caligula, is said to have sent his soldiers vainly to fight against the tide, with the same success have any
encountered the torrent of his Latin in disputation,"
198
was buried.
came
first
first,
as
but
Peter
entered
much
let
the speed of
him
in
quickness of parts
but
me
say, (nor
divinity.
Now
as
into sleep,
conceive,
to his long
w here we
ANDREW DOWNES.
Dr.
Cambridge.
He
is
especially
named by
the
renowned John
in the
Thus
it is
the happiness
of Dr.
for
Downes
to be "praised
by
a praised
man
;"
no
man was
and
critical
scholarship than
Selden,
in
who was
letters ;"
styled
ANDREW DOWNES.
and by Milton, " chief of learned men
land
;"
199
in
Eng-
and by
learning
His decisive
of
the
principal
at
members
each company,
who met
press.
London
to prepare the
is
copy
for the
spoken of as
" one
He
bestowed
much
labor
on
Sir
Henry
Savile's
" His
pains
monument
served together."
at the great
He
died,
JOHN
BOIS.
Suffolk,
man
and
at the
200
He was
carefully
of Jive
grew up.
;
He was
at the
taught
by
his father
and
age
Hebrew.
By
the
Hebrew
acter.
Some
of these remarkable
are
still
carefully
preserved.
This precocious
scholar,
who
sent
age,
was
He
was admitted
in 1575.
to St.
He
great
skill
in
Greek,
writing
letters
in
that
College.
Bois
was a pupil
the
to Dr.
In
He
in
JOHN
BOIS.
It
201
was
to
common
young enthusiast
go to the
till
eight
in
the
When
College
his
1580,
he
that
he
in blankets,
and was
his tutors,
by
study of medicine
but fancying
of,
he
He was
ordained a deacon,
June
21st,
1583
sation,
England.
in his
lectured, in his
own chamber,
at four o'clock in
dance
It
may
found
at old
else,
where
not
202
At
this time,
Thomas Gataker,
afterwards one of
was
a pupil to Bois.
On
to the rectory of
West Stowe,
to
his
it,
beloved College.
;
The
but
he soon resigned.
When
he was about
thirty-six
and
if
it
requesting
Col-
might become
his successor."
The matter
tioned,
and commended
The
other,
1596.
He
1598; and
He
Every week
JOHN
BOIS.
203
Hebrew
exercises
the
divinity-acts
and
lectures.
Every
Friday
the
he
ministers, to
number
in studious pursuits,
he
domestic
affairs to the
skill in a
management
of his
wife,
whose want of
bankruptcy.
him
to
He was
and
which
Greek
literature that
made.
man from
his family
and
He
whom
five
he lived in great
Cambridge company,
to
whom was
assigned from
the Chronicles to the Canticles inclusively, earnestly intreated his assistance, as he was equally
They were
the
more earnest
because
204
Monday morning
For
all this
to
sation,
board in commons.
carried through the
When
first
the
stage, he
was one
of the
make
w ork
r
at
Stationers' Hall, in
London.
months, during which each member of the committee received thirty shillings per
week from
printer,
to
whom
the
all
He
translator, Sir
Henry
the
undertaking,
edition
of
Chrysostom.
Sir
Henry speaks
"most
it is
and
quondam
JOHN
BOIS.
205
For
his
many
Henry
of
who was
intending to
the Fellows of
Eton College
Ely, and
who had
been employed
in the Bi-
ble-translation, of his
own
accord
made him a
in
He there
life,
in
He
even
left, at
his
death, as
many
in his
long
life
for
he spent
Among
his writings,
in Latin on the
some
He was
disposition,
command.
206
He
family government.
His
knowing that
charity's
He was
week
;
sometimes twice
in the
and punctual
a wise
;
and noble
and one
trait in
acquirements
to
whom Dalechamp,
Thomas
in
Harrison,
was "
highest esteem
Greek tongue."
He was
it
contained.
was
a great pedestrian
all
his days.
;
He He was
all
and swimmer
constitution,
and possessed
his
very
strong
which
He
He would
JOHN
supper and bed-time
;
BOIS.
207
He
took special
all to
them nearly
the grave.
Up
to his
death, his
He
as-
him by one
:
of his college
Dr. Whitaker
;
First,
always to study
standing
air
;
and
thirdly,
cold!
He had
The
third
first-born son
died an infant.
The
was
to
youngest son died of the small-pox, while a student of St. John's College.
Thus the
good.
father
These seem
his
life,
He
said of
been a day
for these
at
many
years, in
have
not meditated
least
once upon
my
death."
Thus he met
Hav-
208
hours before
died.
He
"
there
He went
of peace,
man
God
of peace."
JOHN WARD.
This name closes the original
James's translators.
Dr.
list
of
King
of
him
some
we gather
in
of this Dr.
Ward
is
that he
was Prebendary of
Waltham
Hampshire.
It
known
to
It
have assisted
in different
King's
appointment.
JOHN AGLIONBY.
Dr. Aglionby
a respectable
family in
Cumberland.
1583, he
became a
of
student in Queen's
Oxford,
which
After
college he afterwards
became
a Fellow.
in
ordinary to
made
210
Rector of Blechindon.
chosen Principal of
University of Oxford
St.
;
Edmund's
the
he became Rector of
Islip.
On
the accession of
James
I.,
to the King.
in
excellent
said
of
him
by Anthony Wood,
he hath published
in
his
I find
not
why
I set
is,
Trans-
lation of the
New
James
I.,
in
1604."
his
In
the
church
at
a tablet
erected to his
memory by
enough
his
widow.
the best
Thus he
to do
in this world.
LEONARD
This divine was bred
HTJTTEN.
at
Westminster School
LEONARD HUTTSN.
the Oxford colleges., in 1574.
211
there devoted
He
academical learning
He
took
became
a frequent preach-
He was
in
well
known
elegant
scholar.
He was
well versed
the
and
own
nation.
In
his
predilection for
this
last-
has
is,
it,
" history,
to
like
though not
to
make
methodical proit
foreign parts."
Of Dr. Hutten
that " he had a
is
expressly stated
by Wood,
hand
He
died
May
Thus we
make, of
we have been
able
Their
common Eng
"
212
volume
the
original
Scriptures
themselves were
given to mankind.
Several other persons were employed in various stages of the work.
In a letter from the
5
King
to the
1604, the
monarch
have appointed
of four
number
and
for the
lists
As the
it
authentic
is
mode
of prosecuting the
it
work.
is
provided,
directors
or presidents
in either of the
employed
in translating,
be as
Hebrew
That
rule
among
most
LEONARD HUTTEN.
213
It is
if
not
known who
those
but
nated four,
ber.
it
requisite
num-
When
the six
were sent
to
London
at
Westminster.
its
Each company
members
single
to
two of
ablest
'When
the
Synod
of Dort
a version
manner
in
ducted in England.
last single
He
" of
good
in the
work from
the beginning
and
he, as
one
known
the number.
This
oft revised
214
made Bishop
of
Winchester.
of contents placed
THOMAS BILSON.
Dr.
Thomas
Bilson
was
of
German parentage,
He was
of William de
Wykeham.
He
entered
New
Colhis
lege, at Oxford,
College in 1565.
He began
to distinguish
him-
gave
T
He w as
Warwas made
soon
made Prebendary
of Winchester, and
In 1596, he
He engaged
of
in
contests of his
day, as a
partizan
the
of the
Church
England.
When
controversy
THOMAS BILSON.
ties'
215
to suf-
keys
of hell
out
of
the
Devil's hands.
For
this doctrine
is
he was severely
often called the
also
by
other Puritans.
controversy, and
Much
feeling
to desert
the doctrine, nor let the calling which he bore in the Church of God, be trampled under foot, by
The
such energy,
!"
"The
was published
Episcopacy.
old age, and
It
in 1593.
It
is
still
regarded as
in
behalf of
was buried
in
Westminster Abbey.
was
so
"complete
in
skilled in lan-
making use
216
commander
in
chief in the
spiritual warfare,
!"
especially
when he became
a bishop
RICHARD BANCROFT.
In the Translators' Preface, which used to be
printed with
there
is
all
an allusion to one
who was
the "chief
whom
whom
devolved the
in
regard to
new
Though he
it
had but
to
makes
it
pro-
He was
at
He was
chaplain to
Queen Elizabeth, under whom he became Bishop of London in 1597. On the death of Whit<nft,
in
1604,
Canterbury.
was
RICHARD BANCROFT.
217
He was
Bishop Kenstyles-
his
history of England,
;"
him "a
rigor,
sturdy piece
severity,
He
w as
T
a sort of British
Nicholas Fuller,
an eminent and
Habeas Corpus
in behalf of
two of
lin-
gered
his death.
he
to
and
briars,
if
r
much
him
opposition.
No wonder
in the
who were
'
silenced by
him
in other places.
lips.'
David speaketh of
under men's
at
'
218
last, (as
poisons,
Once a
gentleman, coming to
libel,
who
an
Cast
it,'
said he,
'
to
lie
here on a heap in
as
his
my
Peremptory
proceedings
were with
all
sorts of Dissenters,
whether popish
or puritan, he
relenting
incident. minister,
fit.
but
fai-r
Fuller tells of
an honest
and able
from
whom
who
went against
in
all
his conscience to
conform
to the
Church
particulars.
his
"Which w ay will
T
you
live, if
benefice ?"
The
way
vine Providence.
"Not
"you
will
shall not
need to do
mit
come
to
me, and
Such
between."
them an example of
servility to himself,
by
his
own
In a
RICHARD BANCROFT.
219
despicably flattering oration, in the Conference at
Hampton
Court, he equals
King James
to Solo-
mon
Paul
for
wisdom,
!
to
Hezekiah
for piety,
and to
a
for learning
memory
He was
equally strenu-
He
of church-property
and succeeded
in
preventing
Lord
Durham
at
Lambeth Church.
He
cancelled his
first will, in
large bequests to the church, and so gave occasion to the following epigram
"
:
He who
ill,
will."
Lambeth
to the University of
though
is
he
220
it
a turn
somewhat
favor-
were of
that the
his
way
of thinking,
is
it is
quite surprising
work
sentiments.
far
On
is
certainly very
all
It
as to
in
who had
its
much
to
do with
work
all
stages,
reported to have
is
no
contradicting
him
!"
Two
To have
the
the glori-
volume, the
ter of Acts,
let
office is conferred, in
first
chap-
on Judas Iscariot
"His bishopric
another take."
Many
stiffly
company
of spiritual worshippers, on
any mass
RICHARD BANCROFT.
of
221
would have
it
"Robbers
word
and particularly,
in this
Let us be
* It
is
not
till
CONCLUSION
Having now
sketches,
completed
these
biographical
relat-
we may
close with a
few pages
On
this, in-
The
first
was
a
printed, as has
been
stated,
first
in
1611, and in
in
black-letter
folio.
The
edition
quarto
re-
The
successive
and
sizes,
became very
numerous.
command
for the
purpose of typo-
Dr.
two of the
o iginal
re-
The
edition in folio
and quarto,
CONCLUSION.
the
223
has been
the
Clarendon Press,
in
1769,
;
since
till
approaches
as
called " an
immacu-
as only one
reprints
offices,
and
in so
As
this
is
point on which
may
be well to
make
American Bible
in a diligent
Society, spent
and
namely, those of
of
1611.
The numshort
was found
of twenty-four thousand.
vast
amount
Quite
enough
to frighten us,
till
we read
the
the Commit-
great number,
mars
integrity
of the
224
text, or affects
CONCLUSION.
the Bi-
ble."
As
this,
minutest accuracy
to be sought, that
Commit-
tee have prepared an edition wherein these variations are set right, to serve
for the Society to print
as
a standard copy
by
in future.
owes
is its
to
its
Maker
for the
Bible.
translation into
different
tongues, unlocking
tions.
its
This matter
is
touched by Dr.
Field,
a divine of the
seventeenth century, in
critic, S,
T. Coleridge,
was wont
to take a
on
all
others do depend
light do
the bright
beams of
which heavenly
way
lest
And
or the
the
strangeness
of
the
languages
way
CONCLUSION.
ing of the heavenly brightness
;
225
God hath
all
called
and assembled
into
his
Church out
of all the
people that
filled
which
seal this
Book
so fast clasped
only by
lively
voice,
but
by writ-
ings to be carried
down
to all posterities.
From
silver
dew
of
Hermo, the
God
Hence
restinliv-
in English should be
all
who may be
more
able to read
This
is
due to the
itself;
and much
To
the in-
same
relation, as the
The
nat
226
ural philosopher
all
CONCLUSION.
who should
phenomena
fall
verse,
follies,
could not
and
who
his Bible.
Without
nothing.
this
antism
is
astic student
"This
And
all
of
God
nourishes,
The
refusal of
Popery
to
allow the
common
and apostles
them
in
dead languages,
not afraid to
in their
God was
Hebrews
mother tongue
New
Testa-
ment
in the
Has
it
any
CONCLUSION.
detriment in receiving those
inspired
227
Epistles
in a
language familiar to
then,
their
members
Why,
may
not the
same
New
cir-
Testament
could be in manuscript.
And
ously diffused
among
have a
old and
young
in the
Roman
empire.
We
letter full of
godly counsels,
Lucian, chief
written by a bishop
Theonas
to
become a
bitter persecutor.
The-
onas
not one
day go by without
re-
ligious life of
tullian says,
"They read
um,
III. 298.
228
CONCLUSION.
they pray together, they fast together, they mutually instruct, exhort,
The
abound
degree, to
make themselves
this, that
familiar with
the
In one place,
he urges them to
they
may
be able to
to
is in
them
any
the
among
heathen who
may
Like Chrysos-
upon the
gard to
and talk
it
over
among themselves.
the
Scriptures
to
this,
in
course
for
their
Alluding
Augustine
says,
" Since
many
of
you cannot
through
diligent
hearing. "J
In
another
II.
Ad Uxorem,
Ep.
2.
II. 8.
% Serm. 105.
CONCLUSION.
place he says,
229
the strong both
The water
saith not,
am
weak
it,
!'
thus
i
Neither saith
but
if
the
weak com-
eth,
stream.'
quench the
the
without frightening
weak away,
?
To whom
the
it
ing Psalm
for
'
It
is
too high
it
me
!'
What
Psalm resounds, be
even
very children are delighted to hear, and the unlearned draw near, and pour out the
the song.*"
lan,
full
heart in
of the Scriptures.
is
the principle of
in our souls
whereby they
The more
is
the
word
of
God
abounds
in
life
abounds; and, on
is
word of God
wanting
4.
7.
230
CONCLUSION.
the
Scriptures.
lady, for
Thus he commends
Lseta,
Roman
let
delight themselves in
the
Holy
their hands,"
eagerness of the
spoken on
New
Testa-
ment was
Costly as manu-
He
often,
home.t
So long ago
* Epis. 107.
when
the
f For references on this point, consult Chrysostom's Homilies III. and IV. de Statuis Horn. X I. and XXIX. in Genes.; Ser. III. and IV. de Lazaro Horn. I. and II. in Matt.; Horn. X. XI. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. and LVIII. in Joan.; Horn. XIX. in Acta.; Horn.
;
;
I.
CONCLUSION.
231
He
the
to
be
in Latin,
its
English translation
discarded.
to hold that
How much
it is
less
than blasphemy
is it
God
for
eternal truth as
its
subject-
commanded
all
men
to
sal-
whom
said,
first
Bacon
fell,
has
"I
232
that bring
truth,
CONCLUSION.
me
the
in
solid
that
is
Scripture
the
word
of God,
which
I
indeed the
Grand Fundamental.
weapons
its
And
;
defend
but
to
defeat
I
enemies
as a matchless
Temple, where
delight to be, to
my
my
there preached
and adored."
Another scholar
who went
did Boyle in
manner
of the Bible,
"
my
studies have
far as
have endeavored
to use all
my
other knowledge
as a glass, enabling
me
to receive
more
light in a
wider
field of vision
from the
its
Word
of God."*
it is
As
to
to
the Bible in
English form,
safe
work
so well
many
revisions of
CONCLUSION.
233
published particular books in the Bible have been embodying the best in English, and some of them
labors of the most distinguished scholars.
But
as one
who
of
much
them
common version? The late Professor Stuart was a man of learning and piety, whose candor ran almost to excess. He prepared Romelaborate translations of the Epistles to the
now
stand in the
but while
we
gladly
would ing of those portions of the Bible, who purposes, think of using them for devotional
either to settle his faith, or to stir
up
its
activities?
An
in the celebrated Professor substituted for those editions, would be a strange affair indeed
common
no portion of
any divine been done over again since 1611, by which, by genof England or America, in a way could consent of the Christian community,
eral
it
stands in
likely to be done and best qualified divines, is not parsons, by obscure pedagogues, broken-down
234
one,
CONCLUSION.
who,
from
different
big and loud of their "amended," " improved," and " only correct" and reliable re-translations,
How
men whose
all
lives
have been
!
The
ambitious
to " carry
all
and
these,
!
it
is
to
be feared,
for
It
were better
them
to be
"bard of Avon;"
or a
" Paradise Lost " that shall throw the great epic ol
and
When
puny
CONCLUSION.
it
235
mentioned
Macbeth
;"
"A falcon, towering in her pride of place, Was by a mousing owl hawked at, and pecked."
But
it is
much vexed
at these
away
is
claimed
now
stands.
Some
a
of
words have,
use;
in
common
some have
;
gradual
in
change of meaning
now
considered
as
distasteful
and
is
indelicate.
very small,
;
little
incon-
disadvantages of
wholesale
projectors of
amendment volunteered
If
come
it
for a
new
revision of
solemnity which
marked
King
be
all, let it
236 and how
it
CONCLUSION.
ought to be done.
It will
be a vast un-
Meanwhile,
the Bible as
it may help our contentment with we have it, to notice what opinions
to its merits
by the ablest
These
the point.
"Of
all
the
the
auncient
Fathers but
only two,
(among
Origen
among
in
this
last
centenary
skilfull
men
that
John Selden,
in
Dr. Brian
Wal-
first
mon
*
English version.
Dr.
Edward Pococke,
that
An
God.
CONCLUSION.
237
profound Orientalist,
in the
Preface to his
Com-
we might
it
well choose
among
others to follow
were
rity
among
and
cutta,
work on the
Greek
version
Article,
is
and perit is
own
age.
;
It
simple,
is
harmonious,
it
is
energetic
and, which
of no
made
it
familiar,
and
it
sacred."*
a blind and rabid
the
in
or
perception
the
exquisite
simplicity
of
the
in-
their version
as
much
of the
Hebrew
idiom as was consistent with the perfect purity of our own a taste and feeling which have given
;
perennial
the
English
238
tongue/'*
ford,
CONCLUSION.
Dr. White, Professor of Arabic at Oxother
to
strong
commendations adds
"
Upon
Eu-
abundant reason to be
satisfied,
when
approach in
Dr. John
Taylor,
of
Norwich, a very
testimony;
"You may
that as
in itself,
by
so
far the
it
our language,
is
and
full
account
sure of gaining
if
knowledge and
faith,
which,
duly applied
him
to eternal life."t
To
this
testimony
let
there
English;
"The
have been
p. 455.
XL
Vol.
I.
p. 188.
CONCLUSION.
239
First,
made on
deed,
the translation of
James the
and the
both
in-
And,
accuracy,
fidelity,
strictest atten-
general,
be accounted
in the text, or
margin, with
himself
is
greatest
precision.
literal
;
Pagninus
it
hardly more
and
may
Hebrew language,
Dr.
Adam
eral Preface to
Commentary on
the Bible,
as superior
common version
accuracy and
fidelity to
" Nor
t Prospectus of a New Translation, &c. Page 92. The hint of Robertson has since been realized by Bagster's Englishman's He-
to the
Holy Bible.
"
240
CONCLUSION.
a standard translation, but they have
made
made
so
The
"Ours
is,
which
it
was made.
The
divines
Hebrew
scholars
in
England
or Scotland.
classic
Bishop Lowth's
work upon
Isaiah,
no
among
authorized version."*
Not
to
crowd
in
Holy Scriptures
" We
mind
dom,
fidelity,
lators, of
* Dissertation
Page
61.
CONCLUSION.
the benefit
;
241
for the
be as
literal as
been
ex-
the
Hebrew
We may
ful for
And
if
we
it
is
and according
still
greater
private sale.
No book
away.
is
given
Doubtless,
wear and
now
of
in
vice.
The
notion
displacing
these
by
be a very
242
CONCLUSION.
different translation,
seems
to
be rather visionary,
thoroughly blended
who speak
that tongue.
Truly, the
and
suffi-
must
The
re-
an
infinity of vexations.
is,
the text-book
Sabbath-School pupils,
;
and
ligious inquirers
and
is
hallowed by associations
to discard
so tender
it
will
seem
but
multitudes
of devout
men and
It
women
was
sufficient,
Christian sects.
Our common
version,
though
CONCLUSION.
243
-dissent
so very extensive
Hence
remark-
and
Protestant
pealed
to
it,
as to an impartial arbiter.
it
denominations,
To these common
Now,
Rome.
new
same
of the sect,
it
all
in the
position toward
Rome.
It
would cut
off
of faith "
consult or apply.
its
Each
own
would be
as
many
dis-
the Bible.
This multiplication of
sectarian
Bibles,
strictly
and
irreconcilably
each acknowlit
emanated,
would proclaim
and
infidelity.
some
sects
were
to
pur
them
for
it
244
CONCLUSION.
is
impartial translation
they could
by
new
cause.
The denominations
and
its
mighty hold
upon the
affection
Saxon
race.
fifty
years this
that
time,
it
successive
English
tongue.
It
good season to
English colonists
first
than
politics,
the
arts
of
life
have
brightened from
of
light
traversed
wind and
tide,
CONCLUSION.
tack,
245
other.
And
remains unrivalled.
aloud, and
some
"improved"
or " cor-
The common
it is
verIt
now.
by the
tian art,
before.
cultivated,
and so prone
to progress, is an unex-
ampled popularity.
who show
but
little
conservatism
general
concernment.
While
all else
may
in
part be ac
its
authors.
for
them by
in
246
CONCLUSION.
need
to
make
new
of
make
of a bad one a
good one
but to
make
good one."
Still,
wrought
in the
same
It
them,
is
essen-
tially original.
men
Ba-
who would
fain
have supplanted
it
with something
it,
as
tongues, because
it
vidual, as inferior to
them
is
in erudition as in tal-
ents
and
integrity,
found
questioning their
task
w hich they
T
so well performed.
It
may
be
it
it
challenges in-
to supersede
in the
Who
P. 92.
would
"
CONCLUSION.
247
new wine
Let us rather,
able vindicator,
gard to
'
For-
new
is
not com-
amendment
detached places,
is
tampered with.
It
would
in the
day a body of professors and divines, from England and America together, which should be equal
in
numbers and
;
in learning to those in
assembled by
King James
and
whom
them with a
version has
its
repetition of the
become
im-
literature,
man-
Anglo-Saxon race
in either
Taking
many marked
events
248
in divine
CONCLUSION.
this version,
and aided
its
diffusion,
and
the only-
side,
and from
on the other,
We
make
airs
regardless of the
supercilious
of flippant
Sadducees, or the
men
of
old,"
in
the Holy-
Ghost"
a thing
by
itself,
like
clusively to those to
whom
it
was given
concernment
to his
kingdom on
earth.
Such
special succors
and
a like union of
piety, of prayers, and of pains, to effect an object of such incalculable importance to the
Church
CONCLUSION.
of the living God.
ural
249
revelation
to
The man
in favor of the
extreme proba-
like necessity,
most
peculiar
And
the man-
in the old
in the
same illuminating
Spirit
which
in
was imparted
to
The
ward a
right understanding of
its
according to the
intent of
authors.
Book
by prayer-
ture,
will,
may
rely on
it
ing
it
Whosoever attempts
to
shake
common people
in the
com-
mon
imminent
peril of
250
shipwreck.
CONCLUSION.
He
is
among
them
Against
all
suGh attempts
let
be fully warned,
oracles" of
who can
address
God
them "in
their
own
tongue
wherein
Let them
never fear
who has
spoken
to the
human
and
for the
T
souls
who them
sufficient
as to the
living.
and holy
The
best
fruits
of
Christianity
have
DATE DUE