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CVEN 306 Section 502

HOMEWORK #6 SOLUTION

7.48 Taking the logarithm of both sides of Equation 7.19 yields



log o
T
= log K + n log c
T
(7.32)
Thus, a plot of log
T
versus log
T
in the plastic region to the point of necking should yield a straight line having a
slope of n and an intercept (at log
T
= 0) of log K.
Using the appropriate data tabulated in Problem 7.29, make a plot of log
T
versus log
T
and determine
the values of n and K. It will be necessary to convert engineering stresses and strains to true stresses and strains
using Equations 7.18a and 7.18b.

Solution
This problem calls for us to utilize the appropriate data from Problem 7.29 in order to determine the values
of n and K for this material. From Equation 7.32 the slope and intercept of a log o
T
versus log c
T
plot will yield n
and log K, respectively. However, Equation 7.19 is only valid in the region of plastic deformation to the point of
necking; thus, only the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th data points may be utilized. The log-log plot with these data points is
given below.

The slope yields a value of 0.136 for n, whereas the intercept gives a value of 2.7497 for log K, and thus K =
10
2.7497
= 562 MPa.


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7.49 A cylindrical specimen of a brass alloy 7.5 mm (0.30 in.) in diameter and 90.0 mm (3.54 in.) long is pulled in
tension with a force of 6000 N (1350 lb
f
); the force is subsequently released.
(a) Compute the final length of the specimen at this time. The tensile stressstrain behavior for this alloy is
shown in Figure 7.12.
(b) Compute the final specimen length when the load is increased to 16,500 N (3700 lb
f
) and then released.

Solution
(a) In order to determine the final length of the brass specimen when the load is released, it first becomes
necessary to compute the applied stress using Equation 7.1; thus



o =
F
A
0
=
F
t
d
0
2
|
\

|
.
|
2
=
6000 N
t
7.5 10
3
m
2
|
\

|
.
|
2
= 136 MPa (19, 000 psi)

Upon locating this point on the stress-strain curve (Figure 7.12), we note that it is in the linear, elastic region;
therefore, when the load is released the specimen will return to its original length of 90 mm (3.54 in.).
(b) In this portion of the problem we are asked to calculate the final length, after load release, when the
load is increased to 16,500 N (3700 lb
f
). Again, computing the stress


o =
16, 500 N
t
7.5 10
3
m
2
|
\

|
.
|
2
= 373 MPa (52, 300 psi)

The point on the stress-strain curve corresponding to this stress is in the plastic region. We are able to estimate the
amount of permanent strain by drawing a straight line parallel to the linear elastic region; this line intersects the
strain axis at a strain of about 0.08 which is the amount of plastic strain. The final specimen length l
i
may be
determined from a rearranged form of Equation 7.2 as

l
i
= l
0
(1 + c) = (90 mm)(1 + 0.08) = 97.20 mm (3.82 in.)


7.54 (a) A three-point transverse bending test is conducted on a cylindrical specimen of aluminum oxide having a
reported flexural strength of 390 MPa (56,600 psi). If the specimen radius is 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) and the support
point separation distance is 30 mm (1.2 in.), would you expect the specimen to fracture when a load of 620 N (140
lb
f
) is applied? Justify your answer.
(b) Would you be 100% certain of the answer in part (a)? Why or why not?
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Solution
(a) This portion of the problem asks that we determine whether or not a cylindrical specimen of aluminum
oxide having a flexural strength of 390 MPa (56,600 psi) and a radius of 2.5 mm will fracture when subjected to a
load of 620 N in a three-point bending test; the support point separation is given as 30 mm. Using Equation 7.30b
we will calculate the value of o; if this value is greater than o
fs
(390 MPa), then fracture is expected to occur.
Employment of Equation 7.30b yields



o =
FL
tR
3



=
(620 N) (30 10
3
m)
(t) (2.5 10
3
m)
3
= 379 10
6
N/m
2
= 379 MPa (53,500 psi)

Since this value is less than the given value of o
fs
(390 MPa), then fracture is not predicted.
(b) The certainty of this prediction is not 100% because there is always some variability in the flexural
strength for ceramic materials, and since this value of o (379 MPa) is relatively close to o
fs
(390 MPa) then there is
some chance that fracture will occur.


7.65 In Figure 7.35, the logarithm of E
r
(t) versus the logarithm of time is plotted for polyisobutylene at a variety of
temperatures. Plot E
r
(10) versus temperature and then estimate its T
g
.

Solution
Below is plotted the logarithm of E
r
(10) versus temperature.


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The glass-transition temperature is that temperature corresponding to the abrupt decrease in log E
r
(10), which for
this polyisobutylene material is about -60C.


8.18 The critical resolved shear stress for iron is 27 MPa (4000 psi). Determine the maximum possible yield
strength for a single crystal of Fe pulled in tension.

Solution
In order to determine the maximum possible yield strength for a single crystal of Fe pulled in tension, we
simply employ Equation 8.5 as



o
y
= 2t
crss
= (2)(27 MPa) = 54 MPa (8000 psi)


Problem 6. Viscoelastic model
Consider a Maxwell model shown in the figure.

(a) write the governing (equilibrium, compatibility, and elemental constitutive) equations
(b) derive the constitutive equation of the model (relationship between (t) and (t))
(c) derive the creep compliance
(d) predict the responses to a creep-recovery test and constant strain rate test

Solution
(a) governing equations
Equilibrium

Compatibility

Constitutive of the elements

(b) constitutive equation of the model

elastic part:
e
,
e
elastic modulus = E
viscous part:
v
,
v
viscosity =
(t), (t)
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(c) creep compliance
In creep test,

and
Then, the constitutive equation becomes,

)
Creep compliance, D(t)
D

)

(d) the responses to a creep-recovery test and constant strain rate test