JOB SATISFACTION

JOB SATISFACTION

Job Satisfaction refers to a persons general attitude toward his or her job. A person with a high level of job satisfaction has a positive attitude toward his or her job, while a person who is dissatisfied has a negative attitude. When people speak of employee attitudes, they usually are referring to job satisfaction.

JOB SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIPS

Productivity
Hawthrone studies has been generalized by managers that if an employee is satisfied, he/she will work hard and make organization more productive.

Absenteeism
Researchers have shown that satisfied employees have less rate of absent or missing their work as compared to the dissatisfied employees.

Turnover
Researchers have shown strong correlation between turnover and satisfaction. Satisfied employees have less turnover rate whereas dissatisfied employees have greater turnover rate.
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JOB SATISFACTION RELATIONSHIPS

Customer Satisfaction
As satisfied employees are less likely to leave the company and customer will see the familiar faces most of the time with efficient service will build loyalty and satisfies customer.

Workplace Misbehaviour
When an employee is dissatisfied one cannot predict the behaviour of that employee which can lead usage of office in playing games, gossiping etc. All such activities will hamper the performance of other employees and organization as a whole.

AIM
To analyze the job satisfaction levels of employees in different aspects of their jobs. To analyze the job satisfaction levels of male and female employees in different aspects of their jobs. To analyze the job satisfaction levels among various job sectors.

QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Sir/ Madam I, Nishit Suman, am a 4th semester student of SRCC, have compiled a Survey to Measure the Employee Participation Level in an Organization. The following Questionnaire has 2 sections to measure the above specified area of an employee.

A. Demographic Questions:The following information is requested so that meaningful analysis and comparisons of group results can be made :

AGE GROUP 20-24 years <1 year 25-29 years 1-2 years 30-34 years 3-5 years 35-39 years 6-10 years 40-44 years 11-15 years 45+ 15+

Company Service

JOB TITLE :- SEX :-

MARITAL STATUS :-

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QUESTIONNAIRE
B. Survey Questions : 1. Does the mission and purpose make you feel the importance of your job. 2. Whether your suggestion will be considered during your job 3. What is your suggestion about the recognition given to you by the Management ? 4. Do you think that efforts have been made to improve your skill and knowledge? 5. Are you in the proper field to execute your ideas 6. 6. Do you agree that you are utilizing yourself and your potential as a whole to this organization? 7. Does your Company keep you updated with changes in Policies, Procedures & Management Philosophies ? 8. Does the company offer any rewards pertaining to gain sharing like ESOPs, skill based or performance based flexible pay? 9. Does the company have any Idea Sharing Group or any other participation forum? 10. If the answer to above is yes, what is the effectiveness of these forums?

QUESTIONNAIRE

11.Does the organization provide training in group decision making, problem solving, Leadership skill or business acumen development? 12.Are you a part of your performance appraisal and do you have a say in the defining of your objectives? 13.Do you experience a sense of autonomy and responsibility with respect to your work? 14.When was the last time your opinion was sought when a change was introduced that concerned you? 15. Does your organization provide you enough scope to maintain your work life balance?

Any Suggestions/Comments : Thank You !

DATA COLLECTION
TOTAL RESPONSES 120 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (33) INFOSYS, AVL, CANDENCE, EBIX, FICO, HCL, HEADSTRONG, INFIBEAM, NUCLEAS, PEROT, SYNTEL, WIPRO BANKING (43) STATE BANK OF MYSORE, CANARA BANK OTHERS (44) TEACHING, CONSULTANCY, FMCG ETC.

ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONNAIRE
ORIGINAL ANALYSIS:
Items having 4 or 5: These are the aspects of your current job with which you are generally satisfied. As you consider potential career changes in the future, make sure you take into account those things about your current job that are satisfying. Items having 1 or 2: These are the characteristics associated with your current work situation that are dissatisfying. These aspects of your job are the types of things that youll want to avoid in any future career or occupational choice. You can gain a better understanding of what to look for in a future career change by analyzing what it is I that you dislike about your current job.

MY ANALYSIS:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. GENERAL WORKING CONDITIONS (GWC) PAY AND PROMOTION POTENTIAL (PPP) WORK RELATIONSHIPS (WR) USE OF SKILLS AND ABILITIES (USA) WORK ACTIVITIES (WA)

In a given area if respondents gives same responses to 60% or more statements, then that response is taken into account for the complete area otherwise average is taken and calculated value is rounded off to the nearest integer(except .5) for the responses is taken. However, final average of the person will be in decimals.

ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES
Industry Break up
4.50 IT Banking Others 4.00 3.50 3.00 44.37% 33.27% 43.36% 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 IT Banking Others Analysis of Job Satisfaction in Various Industries

IT: MEAN = 3.51 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.91 BANKING: MEAN = 3.61 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.53 OTHERS: MEAN = 3.35 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.57

0.50 0.00 GWC PPP WR USA WA Average

ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES
Analysis of Job Satisfaction in Public and Private Companies

Public-Private Sector Break up

4.50 Public Private 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 52.43% 68.57% 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 GWC PPP WR USA WA Average Public Private

PUBLIC: MEAN = 3.52 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.52 BANKING: MEAN = 3.44 STANDARD DEVIATION = 0.84

ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES
Gender Break up
Male Female

Analysis of Job Satisfaction in Male and Female

4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00

38.32% 82.68%

Male Female

IMPORTANT OBSERVATIONS
Since, the standard deviation of job satisfaction in Public sector employees is less than the standard deviation of job satisfaction in Private sector employees therefore, the job satisfaction levels are more variable in private sector than of public sector. Banking sector employees on an average are more satisfied with the all their job aspects as compared to Information Technology and other sectors employees and also have less variability as standard deviation of responses is also less as compared to the other sectors. Female employees are less satisfied with their jobs in all aspects as compared to male employees. Better utilization of skills is there in both Private sector and Information Technology sector as compared to Public sector and Banking sector respectively. Work relations aspect in all the sectors are highest as compared to other aspects of the job satisfaction.

HYPOTHESIS TEST - 1
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in job satisfaction levels of public sector employees and private sector employees. Alternate hypothesis: There is a significant difference in job satisfaction levels of public sector employees and private sector employees. Significance level, =0.05 or 5% Total Sample Size = 120 Mean of complete sample ,E(x) = 3.49 (Expected value) Mean of Public sector sample, E(Pu) = 3.52 (Observed value for public sector) Mean of Private sector sample, E(Pr) = 3.44 (Observed value for private sector) Degrees of Freedom=1

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HYPOTHESIS TEST - 1
Chi Square Test for Goodness of Fit: Calculated value, X2=(O-E)2/O=0.00102 Observed value, X2(0.05,1) = 3.8415 Conclusion: Since, Calculated value is less than Observed value therefore, we do not reject the null hypothesis. Hence, there is no significant difference in job satisfaction levels of public sector and private sector employees.

HYPOTHESIS TEST - 2
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference in job satisfaction levels of Banking sector employees and Information Technology sector employees. Alternate hypothesis: There is a significant difference in job satisfaction levels of Banking sector employees and Information Technology sector employees. Significance level, =0.05 or 5% Total Sample Size=76 Mean of complete sample (Banking and Information Technology) ,E(x) = 3.57 (Expected value) Mean of Banking sector sample, E(B) = 3.61 (Observed value for Banking sector) Mean of Information Technology sector sample, E(I) = 3.51 (Observed value for Information Technology sector)

Degrees of Freedom=1
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HYPOTHESIS TEST - 2
Chi Square Test for Goodness of Fit: Calculated value, X2=(O-E)2/O=0.001283 Observed value, X2(0.05,1) = 3.8415 Conclusion: Since, Calculated value is less than Observed value therefore, we do not reject the null hypothesis. Hence , there is no significant difference in satisfaction levels of Banking sector and Information Technology sector employees.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Utilization of skills in the jobs should be made better in public sector and banking sector. Female employees should be given more opportunities and empowerment to increase their job satisfaction. Industries compared to Banking and Information Technology should work on increasing the job satisfaction in all the aspects.

LIMITATIONS
Sampling Errors Approximation Errors

REFERENCES
http://www.salisbury.edu/careerservices/Class/Word%20D ocuments/Exercises/Job%20Satisfaction%20Questionnaire. doc, visited on 24th Jan 2010 (Original Questionnaire) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/job.html, visi ted on 26th Jan 2010 Robbins Stephen P., Coulter Mary, Management, 9th edition, 2006, Prentice Hall Aczel Amir D, Sounderpandian Jayavel, Complete Business Statistics, 6th edition, 2006, Tata Mcgraw Hill