Name of Subject: Environment Impact Assessment Assignment Submitted to: Prof. Dr. A.K.A.

Rathi Name of Student: Paramjeet Singh CEPT University MBAIM Sem-II (Part Time)

Assignment: In a given region the carrying capacity shows that water is a limiting factor. What kind of management interventions are required to address this issue for development?

Water Resources Management

Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water. 97% of the water on the Earth is salt water. Only three percent is fresh water; slightly over two thirds of this is frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as groundwater, with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. Fresh water is a renewable resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for ecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the worlds wetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services for Water Education. The framework for allocating water resources to water users (where such a framework exists) is known as water rights. Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services. With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten

farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained. Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the region, there will be more available water but in other parts, there will be less. The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. The implementation progress report Sustaining Water for All in a Changing Climate (2010) reaffirms the strategic directions approach to supporting water resources management. It emphasizes a water development agenda that is integrated with energy, climate, agriculture, land use, and overall economic development and the importance of tackling institutional reforms along with infrastructure upgrades. There is a the need to address both development and management issues by promoting integrated water resources planning, and by tackling institutional reforms along with infrastructure upgrades for various sectors in the context of green, climate-resilient growth. These issues include flood management, hydropower, agricultural water management, pollution control, trans boundary water management and climate change adaptation.

Managing Water Resources:

Below given are the management interventions or suggestions which are required to address this issue for development: 1. Effective water pollution control in industrial areas by imposing stringent water pollution prevention rules. 2. Encouraging people for rain water harvesting, water recharging and other water conversation methods. 3. Educating people for reduction in wastage of water, by increasing awareness of the people that every litre of water saved is water gained. 4. Encouraging farmers for growing less water intensive crops and adoption of scientific water management techniques. 5. Domestic water instead of being allowed into storm water drains or tanks or rivers should be collected into community water treatment plants for cleaning and recycling for non-drinking domestic and industrial purposes. 6. Building weirs and nullahs for saving water. 7. Use traditional methods of water conservation to create streams and paving areas. 8. Developing a water portal so that the idea of water conservation becomes a national obsession. 9. Use of rainwater for washing dishes and flushing toilets. 10. Plantation of more trees and strengthening the forest cover. 11. Unifying national policy for rational water management. Inviting and encouraging private sector players in planning developments, operations and management of water resources. 12. Use of efficient irrigation systems for agricultural. Irrigation methods considered to be more efficient include drip or trickle irrigation, surge irrigation, and some types of sprinkler systems where the sprinklers are operated near ground level. These types of systems, while more expensive, usually offer greater potential to minimize runoff, drainage and evaporation.

13. Developing environmentally-sustainable hydropower projects providing storage capacity for multiple uses and clean energy production. 14. Developing a better understanding of water-related linkages across economic sectors at the country level. 15. Strengthening institutions for effective country, delta and basin-level management. 16. Managing water resources across national boundaries. 17. Identifying and implementing measures for improving governance and increasing the efficiency of water use. 18. Mitigating water pollution for protecting the environment and facilitating water reuse. 19. Developing an appropriate menu of adaptation and mitigation options for addressing hydrologic variability and climate change in water management. 20. Reducing water lost proportion by Increasing storage capacity in lakes, wetlands and artificial reservoirs, the permeability of the soil beneath these storage bodies, the runoff characteristics of the land in the watershed, the timing of the precipitation and local evaporation rates. 21. Construction of watersheds, dams, detention chambers, reservoirs, etc for storing the water. 22. Construction of Water treatment plants and efficiently using the same. 23. By promoting Aquaculture in a region: Aquaculture is growing agricultural use of water. 24. Controlled Urbanization, industrialization in a region. 25. More concentration on waste water management.