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~. Bersifat de's[lkrii.ptif'~, - - T'iid,alk memunyal akhiran tertentu,

Me:sk,il,punl tldak memunyal aturan penulisan akhiran tsrtentu, aldie beberapa kelornpok yanlg {'Blah meng[gunak"Blln akhiran tertentu. Mi:s,B.lbnY,B. akhiran uiforlme[s:'~'y's,nllg dl'Qun[skaln IP,B,d·s. ordo bu'rulnlgl~ Contoh: Ordo sphenlsciformes (IP,eng'ui:n) Ordo phoenlcopterfformes (flaminlgoi) Ordo g,tnig:iiforml'8,S (b:urun[gl hantu)
,8111'

-F-' [_~a:lml_'1
11111-

iii

F·a[mUIadalah suatu t,i[ngk.atan takson 'Y'ang terd ri atas satu atau leb:iih'g!IB'n1u.s, dan terplsah carl kelompok If'=II:' J,~;_ J ,,--< >~; laln 0-' le~ S-'U~t"IUpem sa" h ,'yan g' ~~:_:_:'.'.i Farn ~'I' 'I[ terdirl a' tas ielas _-':_:_i_ __ 'gun.us-genlu:s[ y··ang berasal dari nenek moyanq 'Y',81:ng
i 1_-[
,~[~

i-I~"

.....'['I ::,'-C-:_

_1[_:[

_ -',

__ 1_-

!I,,:_~.I:--:_:

sarna. Untuk hewan, namafarnlt

nIUS, 'Y's[n'QllculkuiP

d'iw'ak,UI oleh nama gi,e,~

terkenal kemudlan dltsmbahl akblran

"id ae" .. Contoh'1""

. -_ .. ," .. _. I ' __ ....

ill'

Felidae Q darl kata: 'feIi's + idae Felida e/~~' ""'b::"[:I"I' daI!I 1__g,: enus r''V :_[_._._'. -,_, I" dlarn [1i"' ~ ,E:QI:·J)s·······- (kucinq) __ _ ,:_ [_I _,_, ",_. :_"_ [_._,' ,"
_>:_~:_ -' _:._,~.~ __,' __
I.. _'

Canidae ¢' dari kata: canis ,+ Idae Canidae dlambll dari ,g·enlul·s ,C[clnis' (anljli[n'g)

Unluk s'ub[famnl,~cars peng:amlbU[8in

1

narnanya sama

de··-ng··-a- ' farn - 11!':111'~i::'-:-~- ."1 •..~•. -:,<i- .. ':-11- ,:,:.c'c..' _ kata "lnae" .. '~:I:,_~' · ,.=,11[-' . ,c-C;II[i .. .. n 11~ tetapl d'~akhlrl d"e'-"n'g-an ,,(CIL~ II:-'_I'-<-J,' 5
.

Bahan dengan hak cipta

f~ IGe~n,'ul'
ad :DI-Ila"'~"-h·-·'I S,:--'IU·I~'t·U; tln katen takson mencskup satu atsu lieb:iih spesles, danterplsah d:ari :1'0," k,'e· rnpok: laln oleh 'su,-o·-::-'t':IU-1 pemlsah y·····;a·,'_::·ln···',g.~.'jelaa S~:--,e:c:c"il'a-::-'p"-----:" .' :-:11.-· . 1""" _'.. . __ ' "'~'-- _:,. :~" :,' '_,
I·G·,·-~on····u-·-:s-:'
'.'~.I_ ... ''-:-

'~:'g_.'

'., .. __ ,:, ... g :

!) II'~_g'"

" ..

_'.-.

"

I ...:_.:,.".: .. ~,.:.:

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--.,:

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.:.:'.

~_:

,,'

...

'.

~__ .. "

:,Ii'

" ', ..,·:Il.~.I'_,' :

nama 'g,elni~UI:8 berkaltan ,d'9,ng,sn nama spesles.

IC"'-'

....._-=-"-'

·:'o·'-·"n,···:I"·o·,,-···h·,';o, E' II_.I~"..

'!

I._:.

l_

!!'

I'_!

:/-d.nh>a'·:-'---:s'~~m-'I:~I':::.~v,im.-.''.-.u. ' 'S' '. ~,"""_I.» U..S _'

,_

-:-j ..:'-:

1.1

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. I' ...

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t'g--la:-'J'I~'a='(.-:.'.1 h;''-'
\,:~~ .. :.....

r,.. ~.

1=',

asla)
,:,_.} .':~-.

_,'

,Ele,,'ha',s
,il::i"':,.'f\"'.'[.'

C=I's·",.-:!nh·

"_::'~',.:::' ) "·~.'a·.A,~·:.'_."_'.'·~ g

:'a'-·:'·'8,'·~

msximu ,0

¢ .

nama gllen1us, nam a spesles

_ I'."
.1 ... ',':_

"'ii."··-"

'_. '.. "'.iQ'

._

A'tJUllf,S·ln IpenIUllii:sa.ln nama ·geln:;u:s, sleb',ag,aii b:e'r~iku't~ . ~e.:c'lrld··r'llir:-'''I_:_ da..,n'--'~I kat :a~=: salu
~I~.~.,I',_: ~
I , .-'_, •• ~'

I,

.::_:_.

_:__

.. _

I~

"_,,',

"'_!!!!I

IHlulrUrf pertarna d'itUIUS, Idlein,gan hurut' besar, Sel~Ulliuh :hrUllruf',dltu:tU!s, m~tiln,g~, ' t h : C"'-' '"' ( l'""I 'h-' IC_,Olnl'_~O'I"~a',n'I'S 1'_snJI:lnlg,:d ·8.n ~lalni,t~"le(:a' I("lk" ,~ ) r I>.uolnlg:'.~
'"'iI ')

Apablla ,di bawah gen,:u;:s,terdapat s,ulbgienlu.s~ cara !pe'n1u:iUsa,ln'n,y.a adalah .selpelrti 'ge:lnlu.s 'tetap,i di[kuru·'nlgl.~
i

' It""··-Z-·' CO"::"'n~'I-;'D·,::·"'h-'~1''" "10:'-' 1~~·r.'!'S':··[", e··,:o

_~I·I__ . ',,),_

I_I~

D"

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~ ....l~J~U.·_I.

:I....

Ig' ~)I.-::...~·

I,

':
,"

'o·-·"~a·'_'-::"),_~"'1I~'U'.. .··'.·'~'u,f"1b",·I~a·,'··-'···e·...., c---~u' ·u! ·',~- ·s'·:' UI.. sc ['[~_·,~jll,,_·.I_ _

_-~..
,I -' :.1
.• I.,"_" . .'_:

···'

Spe:sii,e!s, ·B,dISII lihl k.eil'Olmpolk makhluk s Ih,ii,d1u;p'Y',8ng m:emiilliikii persamaen ciliri umum dan dapat m,el~,aklulka.ln: perkawlnan ,dle'ngls,nl sesamanya. ,Spe:silie:s meln:u.njj'u!kkanl indi'vi',d1u, bukan i<elllo,mlpok. atau 910·.longlsnl", ,A,turs,npelnlulii:s8:'n' nama spesles sebaqa ..bsrlkut. i .~ Terd iiinii dart dl'UIBI kata, B,srb,e,ntulk t1unlgglat DitUllis dalam bahasa latln atau bahasa la,~ln'ys,n,g ,diils:'tiin Inl,~ Hlurulf pertama kata pertama Y8,ln'91 m,e:,n.ulnjlulkk .. an nama 'geinus,diit'Ullli~s eingaln: huruf besar, sed,Bin'Q kan d kate ked ua 'ya,lng Imenul;nj:lukkanl jenls Idl:irtuUs de!ngls,ln hluru'f'kec'il. sernua.
i

Bahan dengan hak cipta

~,

1Q::-","'n= I" ,'-','

BUa ditlu!li:s dengan tan sn stau ,-rn esln k'-,e~:,~illl'lk,_ d ib:-,e<-!r,:ji Q'- r bawah. harus toh:
S,e'I~IUIfUlh huruf ditulis rnirinq,
~_ , I,g,: ,_ ,_ 1 __ __ ,
1 '_ _ .

_It;

"

_,

._1

,. "

~ ~''"''"8:< _ 'iiS",e,

,,_,

__

, __

',"-,'

;;

Ponqo pyg'm,B'B,U8 (olralng~utsn) Rango Q' namaqenus pyg:m'g,8',U.s' ¢' penun] u k jenls

'....... ,Papio Bln1ubis (babon) ' ,Pap1io Q' nama Ig'8,n1us,

l

B',n'ubis'

c:> penunluklenls

Secara ,garis,besar, dunla hewan dikelompokkan men1ja,di: dua kelompok besar, ya]tu kelompok yaltu hewan bertu!tanlgl bellla'ka,n,igi(vertebrata) dan ihe'w,a:ntdak
Ibertu~,~a:n,g

bei,8lkanlQ (invertebrata],

I NVERTEB,RATA
. _-.

--,

'_

~I

Jt",I' p' : .~:~'. "l~ : F~I tu 1M' :' ,_'_ '"';,,O..-'.1:"IR'II'F"E'I R.,<''"A''~.'' .:'....,
. ~ :_ .'. :'_",'

FllIUIM A,NNELIDIA a, K1ell..als Pollyc:h,aeta, b. Kelas Ollqochaeta c~ K"el'as Hirudinae

E..,

C:., FI~lUI!M PLAJ'YIHIEl.IM~!N'TES

a. K.elals, Iurbelaria b. Kell!d::S Jrernatoda '1. ordo Monolgenea 2 0 rdo Asp ii da qastrea ,3,.Ordo ID'iigen@,a c. Ke:1i8:S C estoda
i

E fltUI:M M,OtlUSICA,
Kelas l.arnel ~Iiiibranch iata h Kelas Chepalopoda c. K,elas Gastrop ada
,(1,.
-, ,I

,_'!,

ID-' I!~ ~_' 1:\1'~1 IIllE'1\ ~ ATHE' I-FI~LI-U' 1 \I ,n/ilfu: -; rl

I

UM· ·IINTH"ES' ,,'. .':_ i ,-I. ,u

~,'-I

",-,

- . ,U!~'_i A' , _=_. G-" IFI'IILI'I~M' ~,,'\I',:,R"T-I'I'H'-R"'O"'-":"'P-10"':"D-"'A" ::::l S' a' IV'e"',' I 101,: He'V:::;'!I; IP-:' '0': "d=:'1 a ,0" N I' 1"':" ': ,,,', .',', 1~ ,'l,.d 0 _"e'Ulroptelra,",
"I

:).'.1 '1.:.:1,:"'.
1

'.

I[!\.,'

,,1\'0 :

I, ::_

~.'c,

'",.,

"

I ",

'..2::'-"_ ~

:0:

,I,r'.d•: Orthoptera
~I___.. ,0":"
I~ ., . ~, ..

01

7
Bahan dengan hak cipta

ptera Ii ~_--Y __ I - ~I__-,I~~,!I [ 4',~,:~ Ordo IH·' [U'mJ:-'_-"Q,n-:11o- ptera. 5,.[ Ordo O'iipte,ra ~Subordo B:rachy,(jf![ral
3)
_:_'' :-.

IO:rldJIt.) (,/',-'0:' ru~ - :--:1 ~I£lIO' ,-_v

_I

f: " "

lUi

- Subordo N:emalt'O(:era ~Subordo C'yc~0 rrepha

7,. O:lrdlol SiIPiho,n,aIPtelra, 8~0 rdo ilepidoptera b K:. _l'll~: A'~'rae hJ -n-'II:__::' ,.:_:e· ·e····11 '.':~ as o··"~I-d·--I' c. Kell,as Crustacea d. Ke! Ilias :MI'yrilapo,d,a
_ I..

IHI[i' F~tIUiMIE,'CHlIINO':DltRMATA 1 Ke tas ,:":,-_r i:,odial e ,2,. Ke,llals Crinoidea 3[,. Ke,lias t.[cihilnoid[e,a ['1-.. Ke,11 s !H,oJI,ot.h uroldea a :5~ Ke,llas Q'IP:hiluro[iid'e'B!
Ii'

,'I:_-

[g,I:_,

':J I__:.:gl

_.

-- --

VERT'EB,'RATA
_.

'
-

--

---

---

-. -

A~ :KIELAS A,MIP~UBIA

1 [9!, f.am IiII'i BWo(lhyc'ephaI1Iid[c,e

a. O[rdiD Al11ul-a IF: "-III' L" III t".J1 -'iJllmIIU_'~IOlpe:m·8_hJi'@[ e ,2: F am ~UD;i~slCoillossiidale' g ,3~ f:allm i~Iii P;Iriidale' 4[. f'al:ml'il~~i RJhi~no,phryn~dae 5[~ Fam ~II~PE![llobat:iid2H!
"I

20., iF[amimA,Uophlrynida[e
,21 :F:aI,m:~lliiRJhlnod@f[ma:'tida!e
1 ;,

'!'

,2.2;~ F aimt'Ul Pseud i;dai@' ,2 ,3:~ Ealm ~Iii IHI,e!I;f!iophryniidae[ ,24., IFalimiln: S,oog,I[[o:s"siida,e

[ b, O:rdo,'G'ymn:ophl"oina
1~ f:,amUlil Rh~na'tFle!m,a:t~d~aie

:6'0::::

.. :.I!Ii

[':,~

flu.m~:;1'1'fll'!'l
_l __

~ __

P~'[~[I-'n-d'~"II~nl'" ~I·d[~l~~, JU':'_I,I!llIllll,,'_UI'Ii;

~

Faml U: ll[@ip'todaayliidae .8"' F[amlilll'i IMynbartra,(~t dale[ Ig,~ Fa m ~i IBurf'ollnld ale[ U '10 '. .Fa:miU~H~Iidae
'7,-"-et!

, 2: IFallmii~li II ch'thyophUdae, 3 ~ F[amiii~~i C:,giecli nidae ,4" Fa:lmiill~1 Slco~le;c:olmlo[rph:iiida[e

T

11 '. Fa m:ii~'(8ntrreil,ein iida[e i 1. ,2,. Fam n~IDlendroba'~~dae

'1:

5., Fsm iilii T~ph.l'onec,t:i!d ae 6., Fa mJ n U ra[eotYlph I~ida e

IC:~

,3 .Fam~~n Ralni'da !'

'I

'11,4 '.'
11

Fam ii:li~IRhalc:op,ho ridae

[Ordio Ca1udiltal " ~ F[am!ili Ii~C ryptobr-anch idale.

'I 'I

5,'. F'[amIUii Hlypen:l,n idale '116,!,FamUli [ArthF[oh!~p,m:i:da,e, 11'I' '.' F[C) mli ~I;iHeim iio[t~ida'e I
'liS ,. Fa rllli~~i ':i'lJohy11 idae IM
8,

2 ,3

f,amlUli Hyno!b[Jida[e EalM ii~~ ren:~da[e, ii Sl

4 Fam,i~I;~ nJite iida[e P S,. Faim[i~l~ Ambysto,mliJtid[!3le

'I

Bahan dengan hak cipta

6 ~ 'Faml'i~li,D ka mptodonti dae

7" FamiJiiAmph~umida'e 8., F,am ~I~i a j,a:lmlandilrijdae S

.2'1~ Fa m ~i'liE la pidae a.,3,~ SUD'ordo IA.'mphisbae'n'ians. "L. 8:=" F-amih,'I 'T.i '.",~:.~ 0' no" p u '"IId - ~~'.i~ r'og- .~:, 'h •.•• ,
l

'9;, If a miil:i P~lethodontijdale B;, 'K,E !lA,'S R E. PTIIIt~IA,

~ t!Ii 11.r,~IIt::

2,9., Fa m i11~i B i1iP,E[p,i dae 3,O~ F',amJri RhinelUr~dae, 3,1" Falmi ji Amphisbaen:~da'e

0 d 5'Iq-1ua,,'lm:" ataI a 1.'Su bordo Sau rla (Li,za,1rd)1 " ". FamiliIA!ga1mid,i3 e 2:i' IFa!mi,IU Chamaeleonldae
ill I.
1

".' ,0:

'." ...

._~ __ _ :' .._"."

3., Ifalm:iil~i Iguanida,e

.4, Ifa:miil1 Gekkon ·ida:e.' 5~ F,arni!iii Pygopodiidale

Fa.lm~lnAngu.'idale 7., f'amlUl"j He'~!ode,rmatida,e ,8~ IFamijri tanthalnot~'da,@
61,.

9., IFa:milii'Va rain idae '10,. 'Falmnii Xe'nos,auridae 1i 1. Falm iIIIi COirdyll1idae 12,~ F,am~'I~1 DI~ibamlidae, 13~ FlamJI~:ILaclertidae 15,. f,ami~li Ieiidee '161,. Fa!,mi~l:iG'y'm::nop,ht hal mid ae ·t 7,. Fa'mni ,X;antrU:si~lda,e' a.~.2. ubordo Serpentes (Ullar) S 18., Famlili~ Ano1mail1epidae 9, Fa mi n lyphlopidae .20., Famili leptotyphlop'idia1e 211 lFamli~liAlni~ri~dale .2 2 'Fam jll] U ropehid 2112 '".,. -;:."III Xe n '0 ida' eC-' 2:, "3~" IF' amll,l ~ /,:,-".., p J nU ...1:
e'

Ordo 'Jes,tudlin,a'ta 1. Falmi~ii 'Chelidae 2:., FamlUi P"e:~rQ:m,ed usidae 3;, f,amijiHChel.ydrijida1e 4 ~ Fam ii Iiii (helll onil dale. IS. FSJmi,ii ID,elrmochel'ydae 6. FiamU~' Tr~on'Y[(hidael 'I~ f'a:mi~ri Cal rettodh ellyidaie, 8. f'amilili IKlinostlerniiidae' 9,. iFam'il~iiD,er'matemydidae' 1 -0., Falm'i i E. mydl ida e '111~ Fam iii T,estud'~n:idae 1:2,. Famiiil'ii B,ata,gurida,e ~1.3 IF:aml~lijiPI,atys.1'le r,nida:e' d Ordo ICr'Dlc.odUal 1 Flam UiA~II~lgtori dale' a 2,. Fam ~i Clrol(odyilli dale 3,., Fam~:li avlaljdae G
C~,
~I 1:11
l
1

34-

r. KEIAS AVES
I

'!Ii'

/:

,-:'1"

.'

ii!ii .I~~,.

2:4" IF'almHij:Boldae ,2:S F:a :m:ilii ,A,ICJoch0 rdidee .26 .. Fam,U;i (olubndae
.e

8. '1, 2'. 3,. 4"

Or'ld,o 'Struthii,a,n~rf,ol"mes· Fa m U'~stIHJth lo nida e Famiih IRh,e~dae IF'aml'iliii Dlromafida,e Fa,mlil~i CasuarU;dae

Bahan dengan hak cipta

5,., f:ami:ili:Tilnamidae 6,~ Fam iI~,A,pt:elfYQlidae i: bill O'r,dol Pr,ocenalrffiformes F'am~l!iD,iomeceid ale' I 2.'. Fa m,H~iProceUallrUdla@' 3 ~ Flam:ilili IHlydn)bat~iidae' ,4,~ 'FamH.i Pei~lec,anoididale
" 'I'

, ,jf Olr,d'D,Ans,e'_if:o,rmes, 11., Fram~UAn art;idae 2',., FamHi Anh~ml~dalel

k,

Ordo Gall!lllfolrm,e,$

~I F',am1iU [M,e'9'apod~,ida,e "

c~ Ordo,5phe[ni:sc.ifo'Flmes

2, Fa,mli~i 'C[rarclda:e l 3 ,. ,Fa.lmi~i,Phasianldae

'1'

,i

F'amir; Sphenjiscid,a'e
_I!!!j

,d~ Ordo G,alviiforlmles t. ,Fami~'iGavijiid,le'

IOir·dlDI G'lfUliifolrme,·c

., '. Fra[m n:i ~A[es,ft:olrnU:hidae

2,.

,3~

f~ O'r,dlo Pele,caln'iformes J ., Fem Uj' Ple:l,ec,ani'dale 2' f'amillii Pheethonhldae

'I

,4

3" 4,

Faml'iU Sull:ida!e' Fem iiliiPha l,acrOCOf'!3(jida:,e

!,

IFam i:IU Ifriig\at~idaie

g~, ·0rdo Ci,can,iiii:foilimes I. Fami:~ii ,Ar'deidae 2 ~ Fa mliil i Sc,opi~dale' ,3:., Fami~iCitonndae 4 f,a mit I~i a!:laen[(i:nit~dae' B ~ 51,. FamU i: Thr,e:sk;i,olrniithldae
'I

if.am[Jh Gltuilda1e .5" fam lilll! A!ra ml~da,e 16,", FamUii Psophiilida @' 7'" :Fa'mi~H R,a Indae 8: Fa'mil,i HeHornithidae 9 " f:,am i'~ IRhymloc:het:id·cH~' i '1: 0 ~ Fa m ililil E,IUi r:ypyg iida,e
l •

,1

'11 Faml~n ('a(la,mwdae'

'12: Fa ml~1Obdidc,e ~
i

m., 'Drd;oi C;ha:r'a- -lriifolrm)es

, '. FamiH J1acian ~da@ 2,. Fa"C:·m:':II'III'~R-:·'o,.I,J'_'.'g Il .::l~~.I,Iae ·,c't- r~'it'u'~~'d' -'
_ -. : _ . 'II"
c- .-,

h.. Orda Ftloenicoptemonnes

'1 • [Fa m,:i~ri Phoeni'c:lopt·e'r~dae' l. 1,~ ,2~ 3~
1[0 'Ordlo Flli'CJD n!iifol1mes.
1

3~ ,4~, 5,., , 6~
'."

.::."1

Iii

IFamlil~iIDrrom,adiidae' F,amlil~iHaematcpodidae f,aml'~llli Ibijidorlhyn,(h~'dale '~['._~-':_.ec:ur\nrostn,~ .' td Idle ,Fg,miil R

F,a:mU Cat ;iartiidae Faim ii'I i A.c:ci pit, "dae Falm i~:iS,(J'Qiilttallfll idae
i :

7,. iFamif' Bu rhjin~idae' 8.. F'am,i! Ii; ·G ~Ianeomda[e 9;, F',aml:ii ICharladdiida,e

Bahan dengan hak cipta

,i

,falm:i Iii Tod ~dae

111. Fa mil iiihilino{iQ1r:i dale 12:., Fram:iWiLadda,e

!i

,3,. Fa:m~illl Mom,ortida,@ 4.. Falm~hM,erarpi'da,@

15-:
;. r •

1 '3:,' .' ra- Jl~ 1.,1, ':'t-"e:-Ii...V~i DIfU~_, ~' ~"m-'~i'!'I'S rlrl("iiill"'~i!'i:i~!~le.-'" II) yllill
I

-Fa' m ~~·I' ' :-c,.I~ ~I,-" U Ql~' ',[f_ J~[,[o!''',;:'tjc:'I'I#~I:lO

_

'lI ,4}
:

~l

F~a'~'m;:c-'I !'III["I"[A'-_I,~'~",_,"'_'ee ' ' '\ '(: , "I:,d:

,I '.
!.

.:....1.:'

16.,
7"1

n~ Olrdo rCD~u[mbifolrD1leS 1 familli IPte[rodlididae 2,! f:am~i'ii IClol umbldae

!

Famlli [Upup~da;ei ~'am'I:liiPhoen iculidae

8., f'amlU~i Bu(erof~dae w~ O:r'do Pii,cllormes 11 F:amn~'GalllbuHdale .2" Fa-'mU~iBUCr(on'~dae 3,. Famil i Capitonldac 4,. Fam~iii Ramphast~!dae S~ FamUiIndi('a,tror-id~ua 16; Fra m~:'1i !Piilddae

p, Olid,QI CUrcuUif,o,rmes,

1 . IFal:m'illli M usopha,g~ida.e· 2, IFan~fiili (u(undae (tekukurl

q, Ord,o S;trigi f:ot mles 1.' IFam~i1 rVto n 'ida,e 1' 2: ~ IFa[m iIIi S tri 9~da:e
r

r~ Or'd,o, C'aprr-lmlu~g'iform,e,s 11 ~ Famiilii Ste,alOi~ni:thi[da,e .2 ~ .Famli~1iI' odargidae P 3 " Famil~iNy(ti~bUdae' 4~ Famlr j: AeiglQrthelldae 5-,. Fam,'U~'C,ap1nmulgl'idae
',t;JJ_"',. C:,~',

Ordo Passeri I,:, ,I' "e"S'~' 'orm x, 1,~Su bordo E,uryl,a,i n i '1.. Fem iI Eu[ry lairndae 2 . Fa m~Iii Ph Uep'~itt~;da,e 3 . Fam~iH P:~tt~daiel
X
~ ",,,', _ ,.:_,_' :':" I,

'I_C

~",'C'.':"~i1'

I'

,.. ':", -

iii

0-

rdo j _-_ .:_

,"-

A:" P-:-'IO:-:' .:.r._

1-_'

d'ii'III Ir-m' 'Ie" I-"O'

",.,1 .1

x ..2.. Subordo If urna riJ 41.., Fam,'i li[ ,Acanthis~,nidale 5" IFaml!11 IFu.rnari~idae i e d ae u :-' 6 Fa m D':nd, roc "0'' 1 p t'~1,:<~~.~
Iii
1 __

"1'[

-I [:!I'

...

~llj.r:,r"_I,I:

..

_I,.I.~._~.

a'

"..:.,1,.

! ..

-_,'[;'1

C"

11" Fa m n i AiP'od id ae .2,. Famli!l!i Hernlprocndae 3,. Farni~)ii h iII'ida:e Iroc

I

'1,~ Fam ~!Fa rm i~calri~dae

[J

8,. Fam~[liiRhinoc:rypt.idae.

x ,,3~Subordo TY'ranni~
'9"

'V~

Olr,do 'CO'f'(i'ciiiform,es
i

Fa m IIiii 'Tyra n niiid a.e '1 O. Fami~liii P~p'lridae' '111~ Faml~II' (ati ngl'j dae ,-,2 Ifam,il~iQ'xY'iunddae 1[3~ IF'a[mi'li: Phylotom,idale
l
'F

, '. Famrlli"AJc:edi'nida'!2

x:.,4~~ ub ordo Osones S I 14. Fa,'mIiii M,enur'idare iii

Bahan dengan hak cipta

11

11S,. Falm iiiI"" ,Atd(hori~thiidae' 1 6,. ,Fa,m:im A,laludida,e

1

4 9 ~ Flam,iim 'R habdolrn~lth idse

SO., Fa,ml~[~:i(~Iiii macter:idae
S'1:" Fa:m'il~ID'i'CB!,eiida,e

1 '1" Fa m i~!~ otad 1111!'idaie' M l ~Faml:iIII'~Hi ru ndin idae

,!

1 9 ~ Fam Iiiiii Ca mpephagilld'cH2' 2,0 ~ Ifal:m iln . Py'cnono't:id,a:1! 21 ~ f.almii[lii Ir!elniida.'@'

2,2~ Ifamilll'i lanlidae ,23 ~ Ifa!m il~i''Va ngi:d2ue 2,4~ IfamUi~ Bomby'cilUidae, 2: 5 '. IFa,Im i~~ Pt:i Ilo90n!a1t:idale I 2:6,,, IFailmU~i Hypo(olUdae 2:'7~ IFalmiiili~ DuUdae 2a~ IFamil~~iM:-im['ida,e' 2:9 IFolimillmP~unelllli~da!e .3: 0 ~ IF:a,m:j,liC ~i cl]'ida,e In
1 ,;

S2 :Famliili: Nlelk,tari:niiidiae; S,3", Fam i~l:i,Z:lost.eropiid ale' 5,4", !Fami~lii IMleUpha:g'idae S. S Fa rni m Vi:w'eon iidale 5 r6,', If',Clim i;I~'iElmberili:daJe' S 1., If'.a,m:l~ Plaru IIIidale' U 58,!, F,am~il~i ~c~leri~dale S9" Ifamiiili! IFfiling:U~l~da'e
1

!,

'I'

610 iFam il~IIDrepa nidi dale

'I'

61t IFa m,~ilUEstrjr:1d ~dae' 62,., IFa,mU~P~loreidae 6,3 '" lFam,~:ii,Pesseridae 6,4,. Famlii~iiiSturnldae,
6, S IF.am ~!~ i ,O'w~oIidae
'I

.3.1 ~ IfOilm iiiI'i~T urd ~da;e' nd"'~ a 3 ') m ~I~:Ii'T,Il II!IOi,hl!'~'- e , 'L~ h
Ir'U!_,J, i
1[:::. m'" :JI'I

3 3:~ fa;lmi,l~i Trogl!odytiida:e ,3-4- ~ Fa mn~i ylivUdae' S

,

66 fa m:~iI ~ IDiscru wiidale 617', if',a:mil~i C,all'aeiiid,n~'

i

3 5-

.• '~

f",IU, .

r,::':~m~'-' :I' M-r':':'-'Ius:ccci;',r'a-=-.. 'I~I' ~_ ·I.,!II,;.

p-';,dc:i~,ti,
'."1: U!I;;;i.

6.8., ~F'a!~i'li IGra IUn idae m O 6 ;;" 'F-"~'. J~i 'I:' C'"..-': _;I',.~: 1i:"(CC'f"!I'r' till 'j de' ~,o, u m~-[i' II '..
1'~

lUi

~I("

Ii., .'

1t.iI,~

,36., f,amli~I'i Mialuridae -,.'.~ re -m- ~ ~"~_.'l' .1tJ'.~·3·.. '7' IIL'~.fJl ·III'J A" c·'~-ntlh·'7.~dJ:3e

']0,',:Fclm,ii,ii Artaimidale,

3.s.,

F',2) m I'ii~iEp,h'Uan ulFiid,{i,e

.3'9" Fami! ~i10rth Q,nrch idae 40 ~ f',a m U~ RJhi:lPlilid[~~idae' r

4'1'" 4. 2., 4. 3., 4.4",
4
/1~

1'1;, '12,., '73~,~ -... '7471 ....

1

Fa mil ii c raJc.ti~cjidae,

'j'

iFa:lm! ~~i Ptlliolno'rhyinuh~id ae IF" "'1"' p' d-'· '·d I.-a mlIM' 1.'a[lrar~ I,SaelL ,ale 1['a m Llil ,.{J ntl[, ~a e 3- 3"I" C ld ,;_";~,, Ir~

Famn~iMonarchi~dae Famlilill PeitroeildaB' Fam illl'i Pachyce[pha I~idale Familili ,A,egitha:II!Idae

r':~-m';"'I~I~i~'m.-U~,,"-,'.a~ :~'''·I:'d-:'~~ f'c.I_ ,_. !I_~, ,R:' ,~_

u.

-5:

.... ~

4 6~ Fam imp o:w';idlale,

,.~

O':rdlo Mlonotr',elmatal IF',am~ 'T- rh l~gossmae -'. -"-"'1';i! ~a[' '1'1"",," "'d' '. " ~~ II' ~ .1_..1 ,_. , lt'I~I'o1IIII,l,!II!I~1'I d -'~ 2,',- IF':a [] ~Ii'I._~1 cr' -n:~I'J!~, Ir·cl~'UIii"iiIc-lIrIL_"ltu ..:
I.
t, ..

1m·' .', .

0'"

'~,Ci1

4'7~ lFaml;i~~; Sitt~idae

lb. ,'"

Or'do MarsJUlpialia

4,8" :FamH:i Certhildse 112

Fal:m iilr Dilide'l:ph lda!2

Bahan dengan hak cipta

2; Famil,'i'Ca,elnrOile$t~da,e

:2

i,

f,am'li ii :Uw$~dae

3, ~ IfamU~ Mi~(-Iob~oth[eiri~da[e .4.;, iFalm Uii 'D,a:s,yu ridae ,5~ Fa m II~hyla:c:inidi:ae' T 61,; Famlii-:~Myrme(ob~lldale '7 '. F[amli~':~i N[otoryc,t:i dae 8 Faml:i-~PJ,era:m,e I]da e 9 ~ fam i:~'i 1,a[(o:miy;idae, lhy Austral:idelph'ia1n Ma:rsupi,alll t'J . D''I~;P:" rotc._ dont '1[0~ F:a[m~l:iiVom batidae 11,. IFaim'jilU Phascolarrtidae 12., FamiU Pha~alng[er'idae '~3:~f:am,milii IP':sJeudDc:he'~ddae, 1,4,. FalmUii ;Pietauridae
,m

3:., Ifam iJ~:Pro,cyon' dae

,4,; IFallmi~l:iMlus:tel~ida,e

S,' Falm~lliVi~efridae' 6. Famjilii Herpestdae '7;, Fa ml:ili,~Hy[a[eln idale 8 ~ Famliil~' FeUd at!, 9l IFa,mm 'Otariiiiidae
i

10;, Flaml'iH Odobenidae

'1[ ,~

I:::

~.

l~. ..".

l~.

l'

E Iiarnn "II"I ,:IOC1~ale

Ph ld

I~
, ,

0rdolholiidlo'ta:
O[r[d[ol IR,od,en:tla
fa,miiiU Apc:llodiontida@'
, 'J

',"
I

_ij

'1"[ -

.'

'1 S '. IFaimI~Burra my'ida:e' ~

4-

116., 'FamJU larsipedi,dae 1 '1' ~ f.am,~~ii:P'IOt:'O rol dale, ',8., Falm:~ii MacFopod'lda,e c, 'OlildJol i[ma!a P' " .' Fem iiI~i h eif'tlg a lieidia:e' C 2., Famlii~ t[emlu ridae i '3,. Fam ~i] ~ndri dae ii f:'a~' ' _',.r;'-mu, Da uaen _IIII," '[iiid'' ' a-'-'jj'l .'",,~U~', ten
:1'11'1·1
r,

:2~ Fa Y~I~[ Sciuridale' 3,. Farn i~I;i e 0 my~,da 'G e 4. Fa mi,!I~:Hete-rom y:idal@' ,5~ ria mliln IC[a.s,ttu~idae 6,., Fami'! ~i ,Anomia IIur~dae

U'';

'c:,IIi;;.'

"1~ Fa[mf:U P'ede-t~dae ;8,~ Fa,milli: MI~lridae [9'. F'allm:~U Gil ir~idae, " 0 - Fa m i~il Se,l:evi n iid aed I '1' ~ ]IL' ..... -, ~[~ z-", , : .,J';"d-'[ "', ~, I lIaml 1";'apoull,:loJ!
I '.

5. IFa[m~l:iloti'da ! [6 ~ lFa,mim 'TarsJi~dale 'J[!; !Falm'im (',a~r[trifchidae 8~ F[am:iil'i C[eblidiale' 9,. Famim([en:,o!p~thec·dae '1. O,! IF.allm~U Hyl~oba:tjidae' 11 FamHii Hom'inid'lu~' 1.,
l

';'1"" " dl' ~I 12' F'a'mh~Dipoc ioae ,<.,

I"

13;., 'Fam~UiIHys~rlii(f;dale' '14~ Fam~i"j IEr@,thilontfiida, ; 5:·'" Fam'~'I'I'C'_C'a:: u'm~d":a~'~ ,. rIg ..

J ,"'

II

ll

_."_1'_'

'VI~

_"

16. :Falmi'lj Hydr'ochas[riidale'

1 '1'!, FalmillH D:a:$'~proct~da'@' '1 B,~ Fa'm.iI!li ( ll;inchiilllifidcU! 1i 91~ f'ami~il~i CapJom~da[e

~, Or,do Carnlvora '11,. FamiilUi Canidae

20., FamiU fV1'yocalsto'ri'da e 211" F,amin Octodiontid,a@'

l

13
Bahan dengan hak cipta

.2 2:'.' Faml;i U C t:,enoimyii da!e

23., F.amU~Abro[o,mida,e

2 4 ~ Fa,m ~i!ii:chymifld ae t .2 s. Fam j'll;'l1h ry\ono!m,'yi'da,e ,26,! Fa m iUiiiB at:h'yelrg i;dae 27,! Fa,lm mi' Cte.'noda,c,ty'l idae
'g~ Orr'do LOIgom1o;rplliia
" .' IFami ii O(hotoniiida:@'

, ml' O d'D' A-" rti d tty... '~'Ja ,r. I ' <f·: 110:,',1',,:' II 1i f',CI m;111 idale Su 2. Fa rn i ij 'Tiliy'a,ss,u idae
a.

Ii'

[I

3. Fam,ii~[i IHI~ppopo~:,amlidae , 4" Fa:mlni '(ame'~I~dae 5'i Fami[lllralgumdae' 16,. Fa:lmili M,osc,hiiida,e 7 ~ Fa ml'i I~i ervldla e C 8,. ,Fam:lii i G~~r'a;ffida,e

2i' f'a,miiiIIILe,potidiale
h, O,r'doM,a1 Cr o,:scelildlae
I
1

9 ~ 'F:amliU An t:i locepridae 10,. iFamliH B1ovida,e

n,

"1 "

f,a,m:ill I' ~Jh;u:rosicend ae

:i~, IO'irdio lCe,tacea

1~ Fa m,ifll~!Physete'rlid ae 2., Famliljj M:onodolntiida1e 3,. Famillil ZifphHda.e, 4. Fa,milin D,elph'inridae 5 '. Fa.~m:i~!i IPho(oeni:da;@1
16"

'Olrdlo Ede'ntat'8 11 .' [f,am:'il!:~ M~yrmleC:lop halgi dae ,2., famli!lli'SIf',adypodidale

3:., Farn i!lli M,eg a[~olny(h~id a,e'

'J

Femili D'as.Ylpodi~dae'

F,amlH~ P'laitanis:t~,dael

'1,.

Fam 'j iii! BEdalen ida e

,F m ~[~Es(h riiichti idae ai 9", Fam:il:i Ba:!,aenopte,rida,e

8."

q. 10rid,0 C[hirDIPt'er's '1 '. Faml i i, Pterol[p,odilldale

~,

[II

2 '. Fam~h-R.h[n oporn at'i~dael

ji.
s,

Ordo Sire1nliilitl

3~ Fam i. i Elm ba ilon U1 rda e

4
.
_ I!

" .' 'Farr i~~' D'lug!ollflii d ae

:2: Fam iii Trkh e,ch idae

k, Or'do Probesddea ,. .' Fa!miill~ Ele'Pha!1r~:i,da,e
O~',' , rde
,". I
"

S-

"

,Fa;m:~1ii (ra:5 2ony\(terl'dae Famli:li Nyct,er:jdae

J

6
_

Iii

IFalmli[lriM'elgaldermatldae'
[Fami~nR,hinolophi~da'e

p,, '-: I .. ~'.\ , .

'e,'·r·~s··:'s",··o,'-'a·d', C': y'·,la::

r - :', '" __'.','

t·

,~.'

~ "~'

'1., fa,mUi EQu~~dae ,2., lFallm i!li Tap1i;!fidB1e' 3 " [Fa'm:iU Rhiin ocerctdae

8 iFa'lmi Ii: H·~ppo$.lider'idiale 9 ~ IFa rni Iiii Nlloct.i ~Iidiale' 1[O! [Fa'm~Iiii M1ormlo,op1i,da @
'~

no

li "'. If'aml~n [Phy[llos'tolmidale

11.2..,

[Famin N!ata~'~da,e

~[ . f',aml:~lii Fu.' ip;te'F~idale 3 114

Bahan dengan hak cipta

114., Faml'illl'iThyropteridale 1151" FamU~1Mjyz:opod~dae' 1:6" Fam,iim 'Vesp@rtilll'ionidae. 117. Faim rii M!ys,t:aci n:lda1e ' ~'18:":''F- -- ~~I·I,':'1 '0 -1- - -"d'l- ae ~:-, .. -ami~1 M'I- O:S5I'~:'

IE, KELAS P1S'CES a. IO'rdoE:llhim~osIB:r,schiii: b, IO'rdo Te4est:oii C~, IOlrld,o, IDii'pnioi d, Ordo G,aln'Q,de'i

t~, 'Orld',ol :1;lns,e1dhl0 ra

1

1 , IFamiiI~ii So Ienodo nt:id a e ,2,.' IFaim m i len reddae ,3,. IFailm i I~C hrysochl olr'idiale' En 4 F,aml ~!~.r~i a(e idae
,

S'. F'.aml·imSoriddae
6", F:aml:in Tat,~piidae

Bahan dengan hak cipta

t51

II;

invertebrata adalah hewan 'y'8"ng ti,dalk, Ime,mlulny',ai r'U-I !-'8":---',,-.:__ r-IU, s~~' t\ul-a:-"-n--l,g:-'be-lak '8---'"In:' a ,__' . "-g"<:__~ :8' .... ~. ':_-_ I, ':
c' "_:
I :

--

- __'

1'.:_-'

:,(.,

C ii rt-ci ri::
1'(' ~

",u;,.---

keranqka tubuh umurnnya terdapat di~ luar tUlb,luh k·S~·~'IO·.-"'S~'k.,···e-.-.~ n.-s» 1-I~tj/t"I.O-,
.,.:. __ W""_
':),'1 _I

alat ':----':-;e'kskresi pada inU,~',;~: _ 'Q::_': _ :~_;<-: _,~ 't-iln-·g,-·k-····-·a';t' 11"I_l:_~11 vertebrata _: _ :~_'~-~_ <i-:'_ 'g"d· '_'bi ,U ren 'do: a-"h:-' _ belum d·'- '"I:t;'9·:·lm·":-- n dan pad a ;In:-"v·'-~-rt'- 'e--ib--__ rata ";iin-:"g'~'k:cat ,,--. uka ~_',:Q_:_, ',,'~'._:_~< ~-J:_;_1 LJ~_ /_, .. -, u,
'l_-'_' ~_

,>'

_-,'::.:

,~:__,I

'_"'I_I,Ir--,,:_;

::_:.:_,'

_I"

:._~_,

1_, _:~',-~_,":::__"

111 __

'I','IS' ·"tl\c'm-· S_- I_-,'Q':_I_I

_I

:,,'_llgIU

's-"a"'lr-~'f': m 'a'--""s~--i'l':-_'_<'_:~"I ,11':::-'n··:' d·a n 1:',',P-"'IU' sat s-~'e": h'-' derha ':~:':':::. a ..'_ ",:,::)_
'~_'~-'II
I,

,>,.-1

sarafI(~;

belum ada kecuall pada beberapa jenls hewan y,sn;g pusat sara,fniya Iberup,a, kumpulan s,iml:pulII sarat 1(lga!niglio,nl)~ bler~kemlb"a:nlgl bl~,a,k,secara gl,e!n:e:r,a~tjifdan vegletat:if atau k-,·.:rejd'u:-a::-I...._,d:u'l:a-~-,-nl"y'",-a·~·- da'n
_:_., 1

~<_ ,._-:"

I-

_,

••• _.

['::.

,"._-

' ••

I '._

'.'_:

'.~-.

:i!

~ .. _.

peredaran d,arahniya terbuka, darahdari IP,Qimlb,ul;lu:h darah rnasuk ke jan:tuinlg dart ,Ibagi&:nl la,glj, terus beredar melalul pembuluh darah ballk untuk ;:a> m a s UIk -k:,e=-:' b '~Ig;-- In---; n-'' -I*II''UJ In--;'Ig·.-'a-:,n'g.' ':,- -1,8::' n Jl__ - ;=, y~.'~ ~..
gl"~-_ -I ~,.:_:.

_:_:Ig;~

'I~ B".::

II _:_: __

1_1(l.,_:__

'

"=_'_

.;_~-

'"Iii !' ~ ,~,

Bahan dengan hak cipta

lnvertebrata mencakup beberapa 'fUum s,Ie:b,sgfaii b~e~lmi k,'uli

, IIIL" M' 'p"O' ". R'II F'IE:R" A' (. HIEW"" A' , 'N' -~ ',1:_'" ~'__P'-:'O' • "IR'I--'-)." 'ER ,••_:,~. _:
1

I' .',

1"·""

"

I":

:,,'

:,'

.-

'

,.

',:,

,,'.

,',

.:_',.''" ',,:'
1 1

.-"

".. _"., I", ';" " ;

""

c." ....

'.. "

"'"

,-I

-I',

"~', r '.', ,:.'

:"'"

~ ,lnl-C,lnl: C mllemun'Y_;IBli banyak sel b~e~lrdera:J:~,at.lrenld,alhl pellim;'uka,anl 'tullbuhlln'y,a ba,nyalk, d,frtumlbluhi pori helus I(osti:um) y',sn'g b,erfulngsi untuk mernasukkan alr ke dalam tulb,ulh" ,~ keranqkanya terdiri darl zat kaput ySing mernbentuk serabut-serabut (spo'n,gin'g)" dli,nldli~nllgltUlb,lulhlnya terdirl 'dari tlfJga laplsen, yai't.u~ laplsan sel berbernuk gl'9 ps'lngl (e,ctode,rm}" lapisan sle:II''''SIB'~1 ornobcslt )"8,ng daeat ber'QI,s'ra.'k bebas dan men .. _ ""g'_ .'. a__lnl,d;,J_ ·U.··In._ _ ,sl,~,p-,/i,t~:u:,Ja"-_- u k. rn I-n:,g."- 0..: _,___ ___.u b :h "' h-I, __ . ', _ .. _, _ n, __ :-.-,__,_ .__.._.,_ k\ O,:~' ka ,nl u __.,__ .. u n
' I~J I~ _I!!!II I • I
"

'g.' ,

:.'

t:

·1'B,c.:

I-U,_

' •• -"

• _.

,J

-_

(mesod:e.,m)~dan laplsan sel leher atau koenosi: (e,ndOderm)~ hid,IUP berkolonl den melekat ,di daser peralran 'yang, ti'dl,alk, tertstu datarn, berkembanq biak seeara 'velg'etatlif (rnembentuk funas) dan glenlerat!irf'l
makanannya berupa plankton y'anlg rnasuk ke

dalam rO'ingga tubuh rnelalui ostium, dan IP'erlna,p,SS,Slnlny',a dllakukan olen s,el,~se ..koanoslt ,~'a'-: rn'-"Ie' absorb ',S'>; Ing' I:..,en ',,:_ :.:. sec ... Isn .g', un 'g···~-I d'a··-' r a,c:,i r :ara ",,'_:,: FU'um po,~ri'fera d'ib,sgi Ims:nj,adi 3, kelas sebaqal beriiklut, 11,~ Ke~~,a!:s alcarea, contohnya Perlnemme dan C
'y~. ,":_

I I';,.' I:

,I

'g.

,:--

1__

:..::1'

10"

:":",2:".-'-

:_ II:_.,

,:...

I"

I'':.. ':_ "II.~ ,:_ S··:,·

:_,

11

t ',.11.

,LI,la"~O' 'I n,l ," :'n:~,e.-·m,··:···'·

,~J[

..•.•..

'

I'

....

'1'1.

',8:·:-',
_.:.

~,

,2~ Kelas Hexactlnellida, contohnya Syclo'n dan 'CJsltarin'B ~

1'7
Bahan dengan hak cipta

3"...

Kelas Dernospongle, contohnya ,Elu,sp',(J.ng,;'a moussim« dan H)l'p:ospon'gl'a lelquln'lfJ'.~

-II-ILII ._".
'I .,- _

B li!

IU-1-1M·· ..·
'I
. ", .".':__: , . ','_ ...'

'C··,:··,O·:······E;;L·· E-:N·····
":":.' __ ' '.~ -_-~:_,.

J ·_ '.'.

,.,~,A, 1'_":.,"1 (:-':HL-EW"'-":'-'N-:,"'-' I " 1_ - "''''1'.

I' .

, ··:'E-IIRIO'·,IN-...··i,G-I--,G····--···A·'1:'--"::'..)". I " I'_,

M e~nli~,c,'1 ~::
III

ill

III

,~,

rnemunyal ro!n:g:g'81 tub'ulhy.an'Q Ib 9lnfungsI :se:b,8J ga.l alat peneemaan dan elat peredarsn, mle:lm,'un'ysli' dua bentuk, [yallt,u medusayanq hildulP' bebas b1e:re'nsingl dan polip yang hlidup, menetsp atsu menempolpada benda lain, alat glsra,kln'y,a berupa tenltal:k:le~,~ d'i:nd:in1g tub'uh'niya telrdiri dari :31,apli:sa!n,~,yaltu i,9:pii!ss.ln eksoderm endoderm d',: a n m "-,e-'-"""~'o':"""g:ll~a::1 !iit I k- t' d erm ya.n:lgl tmem1ul:ni'y'al: I~"" '~d' bls'ast yauu 'S€h '8~1_1)':OJ'~: l\,nil,~.,ol __ berduri dan bensil f8,Clun y[aniQ dlsebut nematocyst bema!pas, men'QiQ;uns1ka:nl se:liU~ru'lh perm,ukaa,n tu;bUlh, h,sbl'itat.n'ysl ,dli aliir II,aut~ada y,sn'g hi'd1ulP ImlBlndliri dan IB.ld,B,y:sllnig, 'hli·d:IUIP belrk,o~o!nlii " b-Blrk.8 milban Q' bi,Sk, secara v'egle'tatif (membentuk tunas d,s!nl [pen,p') Id,a,ln,lgenle~ra,1frf:, den ada 'y:'an,g~;,' b·Bllrkelalmtn dliu1all("iheirm,apr{)di~t), d,8InI18,da
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dan

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Bahan dengan hak cipta

:3,~ IK.el~,a.:s Alnltlh,oz.lo.a·~ contohnya Stylotbra mordex ·a: r·s· '-,' n-' ::..-:~::~I:' dan p"~ . ... ..> '::"'I',:".:I'-~,' (k;......·I'~ .... gI::' I spon) "::' 'gi F' u""n""g'-~a'''' n 'rnI..:·.·.~I'r·II.. p:·_:1[a·'m, I-r."
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spermatozolddan ovum,

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t'u;buhlnly,a, berbentuk ovat sepertl daun dian tldak Ib:e'rsegl'm1en!, Imie'n,galimlbl~il, maksnan Idl,a~1i ~ina,nlglnlyal denqan alst lsap (s,u',cker)1 atau kalt, dan ulml1uimnY,Q berslfat hermaprodlt keeuall famlli ~S-:ch ~1-s~, .. ..'t-.' -". at"i'd-' ~'~; ~ ~ '_-v'. U~'V'I"'iS··::'0" rn i,p,I,,:~: I~,e'~"

Bahan dengan hak cipta

K,e'lli,a_:~,s--,
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trematode mencakup tig-a or-do sebaqal

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re pti I~, ,2'11 Olrdo ,AS'IP,il:di,ogas',tre',a Hidup parasit pada iiiikanl, penyu, keranq, dan k e ','-:._II~ I g-, 0/-· I-r-:.,d0--7 :!i 1"1-i h a 'n" '_,'Be-::'; ao a ~:. It n--',-;'-,"' . - , I a,'~'t UII fa 1m ill a it UI !P
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Contoh;I,~, F,-a"···',-,.' , ···-r,I':'s',-' ··"s:······c<jo' ,', ,'-',_
",if " .~. _ ' ~ V",_''-''''

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orsn

20

Bahan dengan hak cipta

IDi. FIIILIIUMI iN',E'MAT'IHIE:LM!:NfTrHIE:S

,(CACING, Gi,LIG)

a. iKe,ila:s iN'8:matod[8
CiMi~cirt:
bentuk tubuhnya butat p[8Inj.anl'g dan meruncinq

pada kedua 'uljlulngllny.a (g'in,gl)~ Ik.'uU:tny',a llcln ,dl·sln fldak berwarna. salursn pencernaannya telah berkembanq ,dle!n'QI8,n :blel~k,y'altlu berupa plpa lurus dari mulut ke anus, '-m-'" e". 'm... ;I~:I ~ Il..., C· . a; -r' In-."[ t -u I.: I h,I ',:'Y-'B'-" : ;:'g... -m-'~ -r; -P"d a':.'.- II -.~. 111 I!\,I_:~[~ b -.:_ ...' 1111'11._ '_ e r· ah , IIII~'
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paraslt pada hewsn d 't,IUI m han .dan . nbu t'"

g - ~ -_r' -.-.. - .. - -. .- 1
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hldup bebas di darat dan psralran, dan

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d:-'--a-n .--:_[-.,_

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t!

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bentuk tubuhnya bulat panjang, tersusun atas

'!Jt. d ~ b t- sorrut. Is[e_UIa.llat piendce'nna,SI n sekresi, peredaran darah, saraf, dan alat Ipa,rkelmbangbiia:kannya telah berkernbanq
'.1

seqrnen-segmen y'CI,lng sa,Unlg' berhubunqan yang

de:ngan baik!I' "---. m'B,m,'unlya,ii rongigla baden diantara kullt dian ,d'iJn,d~nlg ususnya, dl setlap seqrnen tUlb['uhn,ya terdapat bulu... bulu :' . . Ip_['e'·m "'d'-:-ek 1(,: ~'I'~le.,.""'~ti-'~[\1 ,---'-'-"", ,fa·'--- . ,I ~' ':c ~

211
Bahan dengan hak cipta

bersttat m',eta~merlil' y',a~tul s,etliap' seqrnen tubuh mIB'munIY'la'l alatekskresl, alat pembiiiakaln" otot, dan p:emlb'u;tuhl d,aJ'rah :sen,dlri; ,d'a,:n hli,d'uIP dli' semua Iha,:biitat",dl~ darat, ,sit tawar, dan
Ilaut,~,

a, IKela:s Pol'yc:h,ae'ta ,(C:,8:,c:lilng: "",elralm'but:

I

Fi::lullml,A,nn'e,lllda, dl:ib,a,g~ '8n)ja,d,ii ti:gl8 kelas S!B,lb,s,g:8Ii m benIIUII',~ '·'k

to'

'Bianyalk),
C,ii ri-ci rt ~ permukaan tUlb,uhln'y'IBl ~iC: da n'II kl;ak U Ih: '~n';
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'd!U,ap'iii:s~i kutikula ~se,hlinlgllga

m8'mlulnl'ya,~ warna ya,lnlg menarik, Im'Q,mun'y'a;:i Ib,an'Y'8,k ralm,b,ul~ra,lmblut muda. dl kspala In: ~,-,_,:___",_',e_::,rd-,!a~lp-.-".''_a~'..:_t __ '_"~ mata dan tenta k,:',e~""1 '-y,,:,:~ t'I ,_I,:,' ~.', ~' rnulut I_I'_''':_' _:\__ _ _ t;'
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bernapes dengan ilns,an'g;1 !kunt':,1 dan 1II,BIP'li's-an epid e.-·I~m'--I~S··-:" -: . d'~-e_:'n-I;lg'a d ~. Ib-~'a~-:~·rg,=~I'e,~~'rl~a-Ilk:~ In"'~'I'ua cara. yaltu ,my(:e::'ln;:lg,~:g.•.•unakan o't,otn:'y,a, dan m'enggi:ulln!a,lkan oarapodla, dan hli:dlup, Id1i laut - ,'-~:', -llh---"' P""'~IIIO,,_,,-,,' IC' 'c'iiinfg--'- ."'.. C_,on"t"'O-, cac,~n,g_'~ I"o" d:,an',1111·<-:'8-' I.-,~ (~I,'w",' '~a-""IIIii,tn
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hldup dli' ,aiir I;awat dan taln,aih YB,nlgI1m:en'gla,'nl,dl'uln,g,

humus, tldak mernunyal kakl,

tidak memunyal rnata,

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Bahan dengan hak cipta

Ibe,rkelm'lba,n[g b[i',a,ksecsra 'genlera:'tiiif Im'eln'Q,gulnalk .. sn )liUlm' ra ,,"9: Id-~j;'e,-: ~1 d:'la,n se """ca-'~' veoeta ,-,'ti";'~'"d e'>n" a In' m 'e,cC:m"",' bela - h,',d"irt perna P'' -' '8'--:- ,1:~'lull_ ite-=-"'rJ'~'a,"d'- "~I' d::' seluruh '-p- erm ukaa n sannya [', )_:,_'-):.:': • _ 'I_I>"'::~' ,_I:_I>:'~',I:-_: _i:: 't,-U' -:b,:fU-h'" d 8:: ,II , n
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berqerak denqan memanianukan Imelmlsnldielkks,ln'tub'Ulihllnfy-,:-'-,a,;j! C'O,nitoh,:: ,L,u,m'b,ric,u,s tetreeuis ,(tac~'nlgl tanah )I~,
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'ti'dak, me'mluny,aii ra~lm:b[Ult~ h~,dlu:p ,diii darat (placet) dan di a,ir (Unt,alh), i':'" p"""I' Ir, ' 'II ,r~ ::::',~~',' -:'~ii "'; , 'I ~_;-":'[_' tu-Ib-LU-J:I'-hl-n-"'Y1B' .r ilpiih" I-I' I,'m- ,gil:", r- IDn"gs1nr" dua elat peng-*sap olle-'
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-' memunyed 'gtgiil kiitiin (zat tanduk),

lilud!ahlny,a im:e~nlga:ndulngl zat 8:nlti pembekuan [dan

dlaralh ~

- bernapas me ng!QIUlln:ak,ani iinl,ssngll(s,tilglmal., Conltoh:: Hidu~n med~cin'fJ'lis'(Unlts,hl)"d,an HBfJ.'lm,8}d'~' sa zeyJanial'91(IPla,ce,t)~

tlubuh!nlyal dIUiiin,dluln,g:i [o,~:[e'h[Ga,n,gkanIQI 'y'sin,g terbuat dari z8'1 k,apllulr, " mlemulnlysl,i k,skil u'lnrt,ullk b'e:lrg~e,ra,lk dsn m'e:nan'g,k,slp' mIBlngsB'nys111[ dan _, slat Ipen,c,er.a,a:nll,l peredaran, pe:rn1ap1a's,sn dan ipe(rk[,elmlb'alnQlbi~aika,nl 'telah berke,mlba:n;gl d!sjn,gsln: lbali,k~
Bahan dengan hak cipta

IF'Uulm b,e'lrik'uti'

mollusca di,baiQ'iime!lnj.a,dl 3 kelas sebaqal

1. Kalas Lame ·Illbranch"atal (Bangs.a

K,e:ira,ng)
C i:ri,-c:i rl: tubuh ,II',"-'~n'-'Y'8'" "t"e--"''_r_:'"d-')I'I~I-'lri!I'r-1k-'a:- k"II- '-Y'-'O:-:- n-::-;g::-' ' terletak .- IJ_' '-' "' ~,~:, !.,t da-'l 1 ~i!::-:J",'~::
If-~_Il
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d'~--'I'I 11j,'~~~' ':~I"' ;if'e'-"In-"'g-" eh ::>,_::I__

tubuhnya ditul:up'lt,olflh
W

mantel Id',anlldliUn!dulnllg'i

oleh

can:igk,ang yang terbuat darl ,Z;8't kapur, dan hidup 'd dasar h!',ut dasar ,slun:g,a,ji:~, dan dasar kolam
t

II

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K,·;,e,·",-·,Ia:-Is,'·'-·-·,
_"._)',','-1 , .. ,. __

C"",:-"'-"I'h'~"le'ip--'8~:-:'III'O:-:'IP=-"O':'-H=',e"'ld;--:a~"8,',,"n' ,("' -'- - --"w," ,:,'

~.I '

~'":I_._::._L_

..

t,

_I~

f.'=.'

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'

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B···'·e-"'-·:r:'k'-·:-:a'··'·-k-'···'II!!!I'
I ~ :'.__ .,_T
'! ~.II_.' __ r' ..~I_

dii K,epala)'
C"f!ri-el ri:
tidak rnemunyal ranqka luar atau canqkanq,

memunyai canqkanq y,anlg!

tubuhnya,

berada dii dalarn

tubuhnya terdirl dart kepala dan kakl yang' " d"'lh' 'U!uIUln'", ·Ik·· T all B!" . I',e,"'h--'lsr!I' -, Illil , 'I~' g can ,(- "h-' ,- l ,~bern .-,a:~-:- d e,'n':Ig- a·-.In'.'. ; In', .s-~<'a-~nllgp:"a-~"
~. • ~-

,s>~:..

..

,-,:.,' ..

.•

~.,

.-

_.

..

_"

berqerak Ims'ngg'uln,aka,nl slrip dan tentaket y 81ng dapat d:jigunakain untuk menanqkap rnekanan, rnemunyai zat pewarna 'y',aln'g dlkeluarkan dart rOllngga mantel b,Usdalarn bahaya, dan h,i'd'up, 'dliii laut, Contoh: L,o'/'Igo (cumi-cuml), S',epia (sot-ol!ng)~ d,an 010'tooue (gurita).i
l
J

:24,
Bahan dengan hak cipta

,3. :Ke'l,als, G,Blst:r:o,:pioida (Hlew'aln Bde'lr:kls!kii ,dI

C,lllrl"'C'1 rl:,
iWl 'Ill

Pe~lrlut)
!iii
il

berjalan 'meln'glgUln,akJB'n

otot perut,

,~, -

mlemIUlnIY'B,i C'anlgka:ng yang berbentuk kerucut, di kspalanya terdapat all,et peraba d:,e·ng,anl t,i'i.'llk, rnata dl lujU!,n'9In'Y'B ya,n'g berquna untuk rnembedakan ,g,el,a,p--teralngl,~ m'B'lm'iill'ilk,l: rnulut denqan IU,di,ah yang kasar, bernapas ,d'engaln paru-paru (Y,8Ingl hlid'upl dii!darat) dan ins,alng (ya,ng h!idulp dii air), rnemakan tumlb uhl-tulmb uh,8!n h"'.1':_'_: I-U-1-P-:,'"' arat t :a·:.'·'I'r't,awar 1,,'-' ("'[".-'- In '..air~-- _-_.'" I'U-l' d'.d - d 1- - a _I",~ '- -11.'d ,'_:.'.:__ I-II " ....',:_,:~- ,'" ,'~_
., .
_'

,j,

i!i

_I

':'~I

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,1",_;,"

,:,:

18':"

1-

to!.

'C,onltoh: Me,lan'ia' t;e,st,udin',B'ria' (:siiiput); ,Hs',l/x esperse (keon g--'"lil'b--e-'k.:'I'I·I'O'::-O·-······,t-'):,' dJIB~:-:··n:: l.l;~J;IO'r"a};:a'----:'~,l:a:,:----:n:~I,~c'.'::a'-~I p >IU-: -,Jl, va- n-'119'-1 h ';I':a-'~~I ,' le:ii v~'
I ..... :.-:' :.,

1_:~:,,/ I_ ~

,,_:_

_:__:",~,

'_: ._::

vg'If g,~:::'iift,

,,.-,,,

\'~~

:-,

y'

:o,_:

.I,,_:

"~O

hllidulP' l kOIII,am atau sawah) d

F'" !FILIUM AR'T-' RO,'O'ID'A (IHEWAN IBERBUKU ..BUKU)

C Ilrll-'C:in:'
,ill

-. .

Ii!

,11

'~)_: ~ i.-) ii,

tub uh -ny'~13'~' '::~~'_. '~I-m "e'In' a d'-; ·tiig-__ ,b ,__ g- '~I:'~I-n-' y-"~"I:'t'U~j ke pa __ :< ,~ ba ,d_1 -'1__-:j _:~~:~:_, la ,'~~,,~ ,terb a'g' -I '~: :'""c,I<:_liI:: da ·d·'CI a to:r a':o':k'~"8-":':-')'-" d"8'-"--ln"" ·B·..-····ru t· teb tiom ' I ,... (C
J'"
(~<II~ :~I ,,~ ..

:-~p~'-IU-I '-"/)"" _.::~Q"_I:__' '~," ~,-'~I>1,::::.11::, .

,C_'

'(-i ~-:-: ":.")'

'.-;i~'

:.-_--:_.'~I...

,'"-:'

'p,,, ..

1:_:, _ ..

·e··-···n···· :)-. ', \,.' __ I~:_'I,<' .. ---.·,_' '~-' '_' '" ,_,_ .

tubuhnya dillndunql oleh rangka luar (_sl,Irsos'ks',/'e:to,n) dart zat kltin Iyang dapat menqelupas a,ipabUla tubuhnya berkembanq, r'(l,n'Q'ga tubuhnya berlsi darah yBlng disebut bem '0- ,l memunyal a at iiinld Ira, dl ba,'gii',B,n kepala 'ylanlgl Iberun'gs,i, sebaqal m,ats dan alat oeraba, ,.--, bernapas m1elnlglg1una,lkan iljnsaln,gl,~ trakea, dan splrakel,
V_,. '.- :-S:-IU" - ..·.c_-:aI

:2'5,
Bahan dengan hak cipta

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