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B GIAO THNG VN TI TRNG I HC HNG HI KHOA: IN IN T TU BIN B MN: IN T VIN THNG

BI GING KHAI THC THNG TIN VT HNG HI GMDSS


TN HC PHN : KHAI THC THNG TIN VT HNG HI - GMDSS -

M HC PHN TRNH O TO

: V TUYN IN : I HC CHNH QUY

DNG CHO SV NGNH: IN T VIN THNG

HI PHNG - 2008

CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG V H THNG THNG TIN GMDSS


1.1 LCH S RA I CA H THNG THNG TIN GMDSS.
Nm 1979 t chc hng hi quc t IMO t chc hi ngh v vn tm kim v cu nn trn bin , vi mc ch l lp ra v thng nht mt k hoch ton cu cho cng tc tm kim v cu nn trn bin p ng yu cu cp thit v vn an ton trn bin. Hi ngh cng yu cu t chc hng hi quc t IMO

thit lp mt h thng an ton v cu nn ton cu, vi nhng quy nh bt buc v cc thit b thng tin lin lc gip cho cng vic tm kim v cu nn trn bin t hiu qu cao nht. n nm 1988 th h thng thng tin an ton v cu nn hng hi ton cu c thng qua, gi tt l GMDSS (Global maritime distress and safety system). c trng ca h thng GMDSS l h thng mang tnh ton cu v tnh t hp. c im chnh ca h thng GMDSS nh sau:

Phn chia vng thng tin tho c ly hot ng ca tu, t xc nh cc loi thit b s c lp
t trn tu cng vi tn s v phng thc thng tin thch hp

Khng s dng cc tn s cp cu 500Khz bng VT bo v tn s 2182 Khz bng VT thoi


bo ng v gi cp cu m dng k thut gi chn s DSC vi nhng tn s thch hp ginh ring cho bo ng v gi cp cu.

Nhng thng tin c ly xa s c m bo thng qua thit b thng tin v tinh v cc thit b
hot ng trn di sng ngn HF.

vic trc canh cp cu v thu nhn cc thng bo an ton hng hi v d bo thi tit bng
phng thc t ng

S dng k thut gi chn s DSC, in ch trc tip bng hp NBDP v v tuyn in thoi trong
thng tin lin lc, b khng dng VT bo nn khng nht thit phi s dng cc s quan chuyn nghip.

1.2 CU TRC CA H THNG GMDSS.


Cu trc ca h thng thng tin GMDSS gm c hai h thng thng tin chnh l: H thng thng tin v tinh v h thng thng tin mt t.

2.1.1.

H thng thng tin v tinh

H thng thng tin v tinh l mt c trng quan trng trong h thng GMDSS. H thng thng tin v tinh trong h thng GMDSS gm c: Thng tin qua h thng v tinh INMARSAT v thng tin qua h thng v tinh COSPAS-SARSAT. H thng INMARSAT vi cc v tinh a tnh hot ng trn di tn 1.5 Mhz v 1.6 Mhz(bng L), cung cp cho cc tu c lp t trm i tu v tinh mt phng tin bo ng v gi cp cu c kh nng thng tin hai chiu bng phng thc telex v v tuyn in thoi. Ngoi ra cc v tinh INMARSAT cn c s dng nh phng tin chnh thng bo cc thng tin an ton hng hi MSI cho cc vng khng c ph sng bi dch v NAVTEX. Cc v tinh trong h thng bao gm bn v tinh a tnh hot ng cao 36.000 Km, bao ph 4 vng i dng t 70 v bc n 70 v nam. AOR-E, AOR-W, IOR V POR.

1.2.1.1.Cc thit b thng tin trong h thng INMARSAT.

INMARSAT A: l h thng thng tin INMARSAT u tin c a vo hot ng thng mi t


nm 1982, cung cp cc dch v thoi, telex, fax, email v cc dch v truyn s liu. . . Cc th h mi ca INMARSAT hin nay nh gn hn v d s dng hn so vi cc th h trc. Hnh 1.2a. Cc v tinh a tnh INMARSAT

INMARSAT B: l thit b thng tin di ng v tinh hin i s dng cng ngh s, k tc s pht trin
ca INMARSAT A. INMARSAT B cung cp cc dch v thng tin ging nh cc dch v ca INMARSAT A.

INMARSAT C: l thit b thng tin di ng v tinh ra i nm 1993 cung cp cc dch v truyn s


liu v telex hai chiu vi tc 600bit/s. INMARSAT C n gin, gi thnh r vi anten v hng, nh, nh, ton b thit b c th xch tay hoc gn vo bt c tu thuyn no.

INMARSAT M: l s pht trin tip theo ca INMARSAT B nhng c kch thc nh nh v gi


thnh r hn. Cc dch v thng tin trong INMARSAT M ch c thoi, fax v truyn d liu

INMARSAT E: l EPIRB v tinh hot ng trn bng L qua h thng INMARSAT, c dng nh
mt phng tin bo ng cu ng cu nn cho cc tu hot ng nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT.

My thu gi nhm tng cng EGC: l my thu chuyn dng thu cc thng tin an ton v cu nn
hng hi trong h thng v tinh INMARSAT. N c thit k kh nng t ng trc canh lin tc trong mng SAFETYNET, pht trn h thng thng tin v tinh INMARSAT. My thu EGC c tch hp trong cc trm i tu INMARSAT A/B, INMARSAT C hoc c thit k c lp vi anten thu ring nh, gn. 1.2.1.2.Thit b thng tin trong h thng COSPAS SARSAT. H thng COP l mt h thng v tinh tr gip tm kim v cu nn, c thit lp xc nh v tr ca thit b EPIRB trn tn s 121.5 Mhz hoc 406 Mhz. H thng cop c s dng phc v cho tt c cc t chc trn th gii c trch nhim tm kim v cu nn trn bin, trn khng v trn t lin. Hin nay c 3 loi beacon v tinh: ELP (emergency locator transmitter) dng trong nghnh hng khng, EPIRB (emergency position indicating radio beacon) dng trong nghnh hng hi v PLB (personal locator beacon) dng trn t lin. Cc beacon pht tn hiu v cc thit b thu ca v tinh trong h thng cop thu nhn v x l tn hiu ph hp. cc tn hiu c chuyn tip ti mt trm thu trn mt t LUT (local user terminal) s x l cc tn hiu xc nh v tr ca beacon. Sau , mt bo ng cp cu c cc s liu v v tr, s nhn dng v cc thng tin khc nhau cng c gi ti mt trung tm phi hp iu khin MCC (Mission control centre) v trung tm phi hp cu nn RCC (recue co-ordination centre) quc gia, cng nh ti cc MCC khc hoc ti mt t chc tm kim v cu nn thch hp phi hp hnh ng. H thng cop ng dng hiu ng DOPPLER xc nh v tr ca beacon cc tn s sng mang 121.5 Mhz v 406.025 Mhz. H thng cop thc hin 2 dng bao ph mt t cho vic pht hin v xc nh v tr ca beacon. l dng tc thi v dng bao ph ton cu. C hai loi 121.5 Mhz v 406.025 Mhz u hot ng dng tc thi, trong khi ch c loi 406.025 Mhz mi c thm dng bao ph ton cu.

1.2.1.1.Cc trm v tinh mt t Cc trm v tinh mt t bao gm:

Cc trm i tu SESs (ship earth stations) bao gm cc trm INMARSAT-A/B, INMARSAT C


hoc M c chc nng gi v bo ng cp cu chiu t tu n b v chc nng thng tin thng thng trong vng bao ph ca cc v tinh INMARSAT.

Cc trm i mt t LESs (land earth stations), trong mi vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT
c th c nhiu trm LES, cc trm LES ny c ni mng vi thu bao qua ng bu in quc gia v

quc t thu nhn cc bc in thng thng , c pht t tu thng qua v tinh m cc trm LES nm trong vng bao ph ca cc v tinh v chuyn cc bc in ny ti cc thu bao v ngc li. ng thi cc trm LES ny cng c ni vi cc trung tm phi hp tm kim v cu nn RCC, trong trng hp c cc cuc gi cp cu t tu thng qua cc knh u tin ca v tinh, trm LES s nhn v chuyn tip cc bc in ti trung tm phi hp tm kim cu nn thch hp

2.1.2. H thng thng tin mt t.


Trong h thng thng tin mt t gm cc thit b chnh sau y: 1.2.1.1.Thit b gi chn s DSC. Cc thit b DSC c th l cc thit b c lp hoc c kt hp vi cc thit b thoi trn cc bng tn HF/MF, VHF. Thnh phn c bn ca mt bc in DSC gm: nhn dng ca trm ch, t nhn dng trm pht v ni dung bc in bao gm nhng thng tin ngn gn, c bn nht ch ra mc ch cuc gi. 1.2.1.1.Thit b thng thoi. Cc thit b thng tin thoi trong h thng GMDSS lm vic trn cc di sng MF/HF v VHF cc ch J3E, H3E (cho tn s cp cu 2182 Khz) v G3E. Cc thit b thng thoi ny cng c dng gi cp cu khn cp v an ton. 1.2.1.1.B pht p radar tm kim v cu nn SART. SART l phng tin chnh trong h thng GMDSS xc nh v tr tu b nn hoc xung cu sinh ca cc tu b nn . Theo cng c ca SOLAS/88 sa i, tt c cc tu chy trn bin u phi trang b SART. Cc thit b SART lm vic di tn 9 Ghz (bng X) v s to ra mt chui tn hiu phn x khi c s kch hot ca bt k mt tn hiu ca radar hng hi hoc hng khng hot ng bng X no. 1.2.1.1.EPIRB VHF DSC. i vi tu hot ng trong vng bin A1, c th s dng EPIRB gi chn s DSC trn knh 70 VHF, pht i tn hiu bo ng khi b kch hot theo chu k c qui nh gm 5 tn hiu cp cu lin tc pht i trong giy th 230+10N (N l s ca nhm tn hiu pht i). EPIRB DSC cho php hin th lun tnh cht b nn ging nh EPIRB pht i. Ngoi ra EPIRB ny cn c b phn x radar hot ng trn tn s 9 Ghz. 1.2.1.1.NAVTEX quc t. Navtex quc t l mt dch v truyn ch trc tip trn tn s 518 Khz , s dng k thut truyn ch trc tip bng hp NBDP v ch pht FEC, truyn nhng thng tin an ton hng hi MSI bng ting Anh vi phm vi bao ph sng cch b khong 400 hi l. Dch v ca navtex bao gm d bo v kh tng v thi tit, cc loi thng bo hng hi, cc thng tin v khn cp v an ton,... s truyn ti tt c cc tu nm trong vng ph sng ca Navtex. 1.2.1.1.Thit b NBDP. Cc thit b NBDP l mt b phn cu thnh trong h thng GMDSS, h tr trong thng tin cp cu khn cp v an ton. Cc thit b NBDP hot ng trn cc di sng MF v HF, cc ch ARQ,dng trao i thng tin gia 2 i v ch FEC dng pht cc thng tin c tnh cht thng bo ti nhiu i. Trn mi di sng VT hng hi u c thit k mt tn s dnh ring cho cp cu khn cp v an ton bng thit b NBDP.

CHNG 2. CNG C QUC T V THNG TIN VT TRONG H THNG GMDSS.


2.1. NH NGHA CC VNG BIN HOT NG CA TU.
Cn c vo c im ca cc thit b trong h thng GMDSS v pht huy c tnh hiu qu ca h thng, t chc hng hi quc t IMO chia cc vng bin v i dng thnh 4 vng nh sau:

2.1.3. Vng bin A1.


L vng nm trong tm hot ng ca t nht mt trm i b VHF c dch v gi chn s DSC. Thng thng mi mt trm VHF c vng ph sng vi bn knh t 25-30 hi l.

2.1.4. Vng bin A2.


L vng bin, tr vng A1, nm trong tm hot ng ca t nht mt trm i b c dch v gi chn s DSC. Thng thng mi trm MF c vng ph sng vi bn knh t 150-200 hi l.

2.1.5. Vng bin A3.


L vng bin , tr vng A1 v A2, nm trong vng bao ph ca cc v tinh a tnh INMARSAT ca t chc v tinh hng hi quc t. Vng bao ph ca v tinh hng hi t 70 v bc n 70 v nam.

2.1.6. Vng bin A4. L vng bin cn li, tr vng A1, A2, A3. V c bn l cc vng gn a cc. 2.2. QUI NH V CC TRANG THIT B THNG TIN TRN TU TRONG H THNG GMDSS. 2.2.1. Cc trang thit b thng tin VT trong h thng GMDSS trang b cho tu bin. 2.2.1.1.Qui nh chung cho tt c cc tu hot ng trn bin(khng ph thuc vo vng bin m tu hot ng)
Mi tu hot ng trn bin bt buc phi c trang b cc thit b sau y trong h thng GMDSS m khng ph thuc vo vng bin m tu hot ng:

My thu pht VHF:


+ C kh nng thu pht v trc canh lin tc bng DSC trn knh 70. + C cc tn s ca knh thoi 156.8 Mhz (knh 16), 156.650 Mhz (knh thit b thu pht VHF thoi)

Thit b phn x radar (radar transponder) hot ng trn tn s 9 Ghz phc v cho tm kim v
cu nn.

Thit b thu nhn v x l thng tin an ton hng hi(MSI) My thu Navtex, nu tu hot ng
trong vng bin c cc dch v Navtex quc t. Nu tu hot ng cc vng bin khng c cc dch v Navtex quc t th phi c trang b mt my thu gi nhm tng cng (EGC).

Phao nh v v tuyn qua v tinh: C kh nng pht bo ng cp cu qua v tinh qu o cc


hot ng trn tn s 406 Mhz, hoc nu tu ch hot ng vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT th EPIRB v tinh phi c kh nng pht bo ng cp cu qua v tinh a tnh INMARSAT hot ng bng L.

Cc tu khch phi c trang b cc thit b cho thng tin hin trng: VHF two ay phc
v cho mc ch tm kim v cu nn trn tn s 121.5 Mhz v 123.1 Mhz

2.2.1.2.Trang thit b v tuyn in cho tu chy vng bin A1. Tt c cc tu khi hot ng trong vng bin A1, ngoi cc trang thit b qui nh chung c nu mc 2.2.1.1, cn phi bt buc trang b mt trong cc thit b v tuyn in sau y, c kh nng bo ng cp cu chiu t tu n b.

VHF DSC EPIRB, hoc EPIRB v tinh hot ng trn tn s 406 Mhz, hoc thit b thu pht MF gi chn s DSC hoc, 7

Thit b thu pht HF gi chn s DSC hoc, Mt trm INMARSAT, hoc EPIRB INMARSAT hot ng trn bng L
2.2.1.3.Trang thit b v tuyn in cho tu chy vng bin A1 v A2. Tt c cc tu khi hot ng ngoi vng bin A1 nhng trong vng bin A2, ngoi cc trang thit b qui nh chung nh mc 2.2.1.1, s phi trang b thm:

Thit b MF, c th thu pht tn hiu cp cu bng DSC trn tn s 2187.5 Khz v trn tn s
2182 Khz bng thng tin v tuyn in thoi.

My thu trc canh DSC c kh nng duy tr lin tc vic trc canh trn tn s 2187.5 Khz Mt thit b pht tn hiu cp cu chiu t tu ti b (ngoi thit b MF), c th l EPIRB 406
Mhz, hoc thit b HF/DSC, hoc mt trm INMARSAT, hoc EPIRB v tinh INMARSAT bng L.

Thit b thu pht cho mc ch thng tin thng thng bng VT thoi, hoc truyn ch trc tip
bng hp NBDP hot ng di tn s t 1605 Khz 4000 Khz hoc di tn s t 4000 Khz 27500 Khz, hoc mt trm INMARSAT. 2.2.1.4.Trang thit b v tuyn in cho tu chy vng bin A1, A2 v A3. Tt c cc tu khi hot ng ngoi vng bin A1, A2 nhng trong vng bin A3, ngoi cc trang thit b qui nh chung nh mc 2.2.1.1, s phi trang b theo mt trong hai cch la chn sau: A/ la chn 1:

Trm INMARSAT c kh nng:


+ Pht v thu nhng thng tin cp cu v an ton bng truyn ch trc tip bng hp. + Nhn nhng cuc gi u tin cp cu + Duy tr vic trc canh i vi nhng bo ng cp cu chiu t b ti tu. + Pht v thu nhng thng tin thng thng bng VT thoi hoc truyn ch trc tip bng hp.

Mt thit b MF c kh nng thu pht cp cu v an ton trn tn s 2187.5 Khz bng DSC v tn
s 2182 Khz bng VT thoi.

Mt my thu trc canh c kh nng duy tr vic trc canh lin tc bng DSC trn tn s 2187.5
Khz

Mt thit b pht tn hiu cp cu chiu t tu - b. Ngoi cc thit b k trn c th l EPIRB


trn tn s 406Mhz, hoc thit b HF/DSC, hoc mt trm INMARSAT d phng, hoc EPIRB v tinh INMARSAT. B/ la chn 2:

Mt thit b thu pht MF/HF cho mc ch thng tin cp cu v an ton trn tt c cc tn s cp


cu v an ton trong di tn t 1605 Khz 4000 Khz v 4000Khz -27500Khz bng cc phng thc thng tin DSC, thoi v truyn ch trc tip bng hp.

Mt thit b c kh nng duy tr vic trc canh bng DSC trn tn s 2187.5 Khz v 8414.5 Khz
v t nht mt trong nhng tn s cp cu v an ton DSC sau: 4207.5 Khz, 6312 Khz, 12577 Khz hoc 16804.5Khz.

Thit b thu pht tn hiu cp cu chiu t tu - b. 8

Thit b thu pht MF/HF c di tn 1605 Khz 4000 Khz v 4000Khz 27500 Khz, phc v cho
cc dch v thng tin thng thng bng phng thc thng tin thoi hoc truyn ch trc tip bng hp. 2.2.1.5.Trang thit b v tuyn in cho tu chy vng bin A1, A2, A3 v A4. Tt c cc tu khi hot ng ngoi vng bin A1, A2 nhng trong vng bin A3, ngoi cc trang thit b qui nh chung nh mc 2.2.1.1, s phi trang b thm cc thit b sau:

Thit b thu pht MF/HF s dng cho mc ch an ton v cu nn, c cc phng thc thng tin
gi chn s DSC, thoi v truyn ch trc tip bng hp, lm vic trong di tn 1605 Khz 4000 Khz v 4000Khz 27500 Khz.

My thu trc canh DSC trn tn s 2187.5 Khz, 8414.5 Khz v t nht mt trong cc tn s sau:
4207.5 Khz, 6312Khz, 12577Khz v 16804.5Khz.

Thit b EPIRB-406Mhz, thu pht tn hiu cp cu chiu tu-b. Thit b thu pht thng tin thng thng, c dch v thng tin VT thoi v truyn ch trc tip
bng hp.

2.2.2. Thi hn p dng


Cng c quc t v an ton sinh mng trn bin SOLAS/74 sa i 1988 c hiu lc k t ngy 1/2/1992. V h thng thng tin GMDSS c p dng tng phn trong thi gian chuyn tip, t 1/2/1992 n 1/2/1999.

2.3.

QUI NH V NGUN CUNG CP CHO CC THIT B VT TRN TU.


Ngun in chnh, ngun in s c v ngun in d tr ca tu c b tr theo s hnh 2.1 Main source AC-DC Auto Switch Radio Equipments

Emergency Source

Charger Battery

Charger Battery

Hnh 2.1. S b tr ngun cung cp cho cc thit b Thng tin VT.

2.3.1. Ngun in chnh ca tu:


Gm t nht hai my pht in phi c kh nng cung cp in nng cho tt c cc thit b in v VT trn tu.

2.3.2. Ngun in s c:
Trong trng hp ngun in chnh ca tu b mt th ngun in s c phi cung cp in nng cho cc thit b VT trong thi gian t nht 18gi i vi tu hng v 36 gi i vi tu khch.

2.3.3. Ngun in d tr
Ngun in d tr y l c qui hoc pin. Trong trng hp c ngun in chnh v ngun in s c ca tu b mt th c quy hoc pin s l ngun in d tr cung cp in nng cho cc thit b VT thc hin cc thng tin cu nn v an ton hng hi.

2.4.

QUI NH V TRC CANH.

t c mc ch l an ton sinh mng trn bin, ng thi vi vic qui nh v cc trang thit b trn tu, T chc Lin minh vin thng Quc t a ra nhng qui nh v trc canh nh sau:

2.4.1. i vi i duyn hi.


i vi cc i duyn hi m nhn trch nhim trc canh trong h thng GMDS, s phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng bng DSC trn cc tn s cp cu v an ton trong di tn lm vic ca i duyn hi. Vic trc canh ny phi theo mt chu k nht nh trong gi nghip v ca mnh. Tn s v gi trc canh ca mi mt i c ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi.

2.4.2. Cc i v tinh mt t.
Cc i v tinh mt t m nhn trch nhim trc canh trong h thng GMDSS s phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng i vi cc cuc gi chuyn tip bo ng cp cu c pht bi cc v tinh

2.4.3. Cc i tu.
Tt c cc tu trong khi hnh trnh trn bin phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng bng DSC trn cc tn s gi cp cu v an ton thch hp trong cc bng tn m i tu ang khai thc. Cc i tu c trang b cc thit b VT trong h thng GMDSS theo quy nh, cng phi duy tr vic trc canh trn cc tn s thch hp t ng nhn cc thng bo kh tng, thng bo hng hi v cc thng tin khn cp khc.

2.4.4. Cc i tu mt t.
Cc i tu v tinh mt t phi c kh nng duy tr vic trc canh i vi cc cuc gi chuyn tip bo ng cp cu chiu t b ti tu, tr khi nhng thng tin thc hin trn knh lm vic. a/ Mi tu khi hnh trnh trn bin phi duy tr vic trc canh lin tc trn:

VHF/DSC knh 70, nu tu lp t thit b radio VHF/DSC, c kh nng trc canh lin tc bng
DSC trn knh 70.

Tn s cp cu v an ton DSC 2187.5Khz nu tu c lp t thit b radio c kh nng duy tr


vic trc canh lin tc bng DSC trn tn s 2187.5Khz kt hp vi thit b radio MF.

Tn s cp cu v an ton DSC: 2187.5Khz, 8417.5Khz v trn t nht mt trong cc tn s cp


cu v an ton DSC sau: 4207.5Khz, 6312Khz, 12577Khz hoc 16804.5Khz, tu theo thi gian v v tr thch hp ca tu, nu tu c lp t cc thit b VT c kh nng duy tr vic trc canh lin tc bng DSC trn cc tn s k trn v c kt hp vi mt thit b VT MF/HF. Vic trc canh ni trn cng c th c thay th bng mt my thu trc canh qut t ng.

i vi cc bo ng chuyn tip cp cu bng v tinh chiu t b -tu, nu tu c trang b


trm i tu mt t INMARSAT. B/ Mi mt tu trong khi hnh trnh trn bin s phi duy tr vic trc canh VT i vi cc thng bo an ton hng hi trn cc tn s thch hp, m cc thng bo ny c pht ti cc vng bin m tu ang hnh trnh. C/ Cho n ngy 1/2/1999 hoc n mt ngy no khc c th c n nh bi U ban v an ton hng hi, tt c cc tu khi hnh trnh trn bin vn s phi duy tr vic canh nghe lin tc trn knh 16VHF v trn tn s VT thoi 2182Khz.

2.5. H HIU V S NHN DNG CA CC I LM NGHIP V THNG TIN LU NG HNG HI. 2.5.1. Qui nh chung. 10

Tt c mi pht x trong nghip v thng tin VT hng hi u phi c nhn dng bng tn hiu nhn dng. Tn hiu nhn dng phi tun th v ph hp vi cc khuyn ngh ca U ban t vn VT quc t (CCIR). Tn hiu nhn dng c th l mt trong cc dng sau: + Ting ni: S dng trong thoi iu bin; + M Morse quc t: S dng trong morse A1A; + M in bo ph hp vi cc thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp + Cc dng khc do CCIR khuyn ngh

2.5.2. H hiu(C/S) v s nhn dng (ID) ca cc thit b thng tin mt t.


H hiu ca cc i tu, cc i duyn hi v cc i lm nghip v lu ng hng hi c cu to t 26 ch Latin v 10 ch s t nhin t 0 n 9. S nhn dng (ID) ca cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi c cu to t 10 ch s t nhin t 0 n 9. Trong nghip thng tin lu ng hng hi c 4 loi s nhn dng nh sau:

s nhn dng i tu s nhn dng ca nhm tu s nhn dng ca cc i duyn hi s nhn dng ca nhm i duyn hi s nhn dng ca cc i pht Navtex.
Mi mt quc gia c Tng th k ca t chc lin minh vin thng quc t n nh mt s nhn dng hng hi MID (Maritime Identification Digits). Mi mt quc gia c n nh mt MID duy nht, tr khi s MID c s dng qu 80% th tng th k lin minh vin thng quc t s n nh mt MID b sung. H hiu v s nhn dng ca cc i phi c cu trc sao cho khng c nhm ln vi cc tn hiu cp cu, khn cp v an ton hoc cc tn hiu c bn cht tng t. A/ H hiu ca i duyn hi. H hiu ca i duyn hi bao gm 3 k t chnh ch tn i l cc ch ci hoc hn hp ch ci v ch s, trong :

cho mi mt quc gia.

Hai k t u l dy h hiu do T chc t vn VT quc t (CCIR) n nh ring

K t th ba l mt trong cc ch ci Rp t A n Z nm trong dy k t ca quc gia do


CCIR n nh cho quc gia. Ngoi 3 k t chnh k trn, h hiu ca cc i duyn hi cn c th c thm phn k t ph gm 2 ch s t 0 n 9 nhng ch s ngay sau ch ci khng c dng ch s 0. B/ H hiu ca i tu. H hiu ca i tu gm 4 k t chnh l mt nhm ch ci hoc hn hp ch ci v s, trong :

Hai k t u tin l dy h hiu quc t do T chc t vn VT quc t CCIR n nh cho mi


quc gia:

Hai k t tip theo nm trong dy h hiu quc gia do quc gia n nh ring cho mi tu, hai
k t ny l cc ch ci, khng dng cc ch s.

11

Ngoi 4 k t chnh h hiu ca tu cn c th c thm phn ph l cc ch s t 1 n 9. C/ Nhn dng ca i pht thoi Nhn dng ca i pht thoi c qui nh dng tn a danh ni t i pht km theo ch Radio nhn dng i pht thoi. V d: HAIPHONG Radio i vi cc i tu di ng, dng tn ca i di ng nhn dng cc i pht thoi . D/ Nhn dng ca i Radio Telex. Nhn dng ca i Radio Telex. c cu to t cc s t nhin t 0 n 9, gm 4 ch s i vi i b v 5 ch s i vi i tu. V d: S gi chn ca i Radio telex Singapore l 4620 Ngoi s gi chn k trn, cc i Radio telex cn c s Answerback code dng t xng trong cc cuc thng tin radio telex. E/ Nhn dng ca i pht DSC. S nhn dng ca cc i c nghip v lu ng hng hi (MMSI) gm 9 ch s t nhin t 0 ti 9, c cu to nh sau:

i vi i b: 00MIDXXXX
Trong : 00: ch i duyn hi MID: s nhn dng hng hi quc gia XXXX: 4 ch s t nhin ch s nhn dng ca i duyn hi. V d: i HaiPhng radio c s nhn dng MMSI l 005741997 Trong : 00: ch i duyn hi 574: s nhn dng hng hi ca Vit Nam 1997: s nhn dng ca i duyn hi Hi Phng.

i vi i tu: MIDXXXXXX
Trong : MID l s nhn dng hng hi quc gia XXXXXX: 6 ch s t nhin ch s nhn dng ca i tu. V d: Tu Brazil Victoria c s nhn dng l 636005973, trong 636 l s nhn dng hng hi quc gia ca Liberia, 005973 l s nhn dng ring ca tu Brazil Victoria.

i vi nhm tu: 0MIDXXXXX


Trong :Nhm ch s 0 u tin ch nhm tu MID: l s nhn dng hng hi quc gia XXXXX: l 5 ch s t nhin t 0 n 9 ch s nhn dng ca nhm tu. F/ Nhn dng ca i pht Navtex. Trong h thng Navtex quc t, cc vng bin trn th gii c chia thnh 16 vng c nh s t I n XVI. S trm pht cc dch v Navtex quc t trong mt vng khng qu 24 trm, s nhn dng ca mi mt trm trong mt vng l mt ch ci theo th t t A n Z. Ch ci th 2 tip sau ch loi bc in v 2 ch s tip theo ch s bc in Navtex . V d: Mt bn in Navtex c dng nh sau: ZCZC X1X2X3X4

12

............. (ni dung bc in) NNNN. Trong : ZCZC: m bt u bc in NBDP X1: s nhn dng ca i pht k hiu t A n Z. X2: bng mt ch ci ch loi bc in k hiu t A n Z. X3X4: l 2 ch s t nhin ch s bc in.

2.5.3. S nhn dng ca cc thit b thng tin v tinh.


S nhn dng ca cc thit b thng tin v tinh cng phi tun th theo cc qui nh ca U ban t vn VT quc t (CCIR). A/ S nhn dng ca cc i tu v tinh mt t (SES). S nhn dng ca cc i tu v tinh mt t (INMARSAT) ging nh mt s thu bao dng gi t mt i v tinh mt t hoc t mt thu bao khc thng qua mt trm v tinh mt t. Chc nng ca n ging nh mt s in thoi hoc mt s fax. Cu trc s nhn dng ca cc i tu v tinh mt t nh sau: + vi INMARSAT A: Gm mt nhm 7 ch s octal c dng TMIDXXX. Trong : T=1 ch trm INMARSAT A MID l 3 ch s nhn dng quc gia do T chc INMARSAT quc t n nh. XXX l 3 ch s c n nh ring cho mi trm + vi INMARSAT B: Gm mt nhm 9 ch s Decimal c dng TMIDXXXYZ. Trong : T=3 ch trm INMARSAT B MID l 3 ch s nhn dng quc gia do T chc INMARSAT quc t n nh. XXX l 3 ch s gia 000 v 999 nhn dng mt i tu v tinh, XY l 2 ch s gia 10 v 99 dng nhn dng mt i tu v tinh MES trn tu (Y khng c dng ch s 0) + vi INMARSAT C: Gm 9 ch s decimal c dng TMIDXXXYZ. Trong : T=4 ch trm INMARSAT C MID l 3 ch s nhn dng quc gia do T chc INMARSAT quc t n nh. XXX l 3 ch s gia 000 v 999 nhn dng mt i tu v tinh, YZ l 2 ch s gia 10 v 99 dng nhn dng i MES trn tu. + vi INMARSAT M: Gm 9 ch s decimal c dng TMIDXXXYZ. Trong : T=6 ch trm INMARSAT M MID l 3 ch s nhn dng quc gia do T chc INMARSAT quc t n nh. XXX l 3 ch s gia 000 v 999 nhn dng mt i tu v tinh, YZ l 2 ch s gia 10 v 99 dng nhn dng i MES trn tu. + vi INMARSAT mini M: Gm 9 ch s decimal c dng TMIDXXXYZ. Trong : T= 7 ch trm INMARSAT mini M.

13

MID l 3 ch s nhn dng quc gia do T chc INMARSAT quc t n nh. XXX l 3 ch s gia 000 v 999 nhn dng mt i tu v tinh, YZ l 2 ch s gia 10 v 99 dng nhn dng i MES trn tu. B/ S nhn dng ca cc trm v tinh mt t (SES). S nhn dng ca cc trm v tinh mt t l mt nhm gm 3 ch s, trong :

Ch s th nht ch tn v tinh:
Ch s 0 ch v tinh AOR-W Ch s 1 ch v tinh AOR-W Ch s 2 ch v tinh POR Ch s 3 ch v tinh IOR.

Hai ch s tip theo ch s nhn dng ca ring mi trm trong mt vng v tinh. 2.6. QUI TRNH V BO DNG V CHNG CH KHAI THC VIN TRN TU TRONG H THNG GMDSS. 2.6.1. Qui trnh v bo dng cc thit b thng tin VT trn tu.
Vn bo dng cc thit b thng tin VT trn tu c qui nh r trong iu 15 chng 4 nh sau:

Cc thit b phi c thit k theo dng Modul c th d dng thay th v khng c iu


chnh hoc chun li.

Vi cc tu p dng h thng GMDSS cc thit b phi c cu trc v lp t sao cho r rng,


thun tin cho vic thanh tra,kim tra v bo dng trn tu

Nhng chc nng thng tin ca cc thit b c lp t trn tu phi c tho mn v duy tr
kh nng lm vic ca cc thit b.

2.6.2. Cc phng php m bo tnh sn sng ca thit b thng tin VT.


Theo qui nh trong iu 15 chng 4 ca SOLAS sa i 1988, c ba phng php m bo tnh sn sng ca cc thit b thng tin, nh sau:

1. Trang thit b kp cc thit b 2. Bo dng b v 3. Bo dng trn tu 2.6.3. Qui dnh v chng ch khai thc vin trn tu trong h thng GMDSS.
2.6.3.1.Qui nh chung. Trong trng hp khng c mt khai thc vin chnh thc, cc nhim v ca khai thc vin ch gii hn trong mt s ni dung sau:

Gi cp cu, chuyn bc in cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Pht cc bc in lin quan trc tip ti an ton sinh mng trn bin Cc bc in khn lin quan n s di chuyn ca tu.
i vi cc i tu hoc cc i di ng mt t p dng h thng GMDSS c 4 loi chng ch khai thc vin nh sau:

The first - class radio electronic certificate 14

The second - class radio electronic certificate The general operators certificate The restricted operators certificate
Mi mt khai thc vin trc khi c cp nhng chng ch trn y, phi c mt trnh nht nh v l thuyt v thc t khai thc i vi h thng thng tin GMDSS theo qui nh. 2.6.3.2.iu kin cp cc chng ch khai thc vin VT. The first-class radio electronic certificate Nhng ngi c cp chng ch The first-class radio electronic certificate phi c kin thc chuyn nghip nh sau: 1. C kin thc nguyn l v ngun in nng v kin thc l thuyt v VT v in t p ng nhng yu cu 2, 3, 4 di y. 2. C kin thc l thuyt v cc thit b thng tin VT trong h thng GMDSS, bao gm cc thit b thu v pht NBDP, radio telephone, thit b DSC, EPIRBs, MES, h thng anten hng hi, thit b VT cho phao b, cng vi tt c cc thit b d phng bao gm ngun cung cp, cng nh nhng kin thc chung v nguyn l ca cc thit b VT hng hi vi nhng qui tc ring bit bo dng cc thit b . 3. C kin thc thc t v khai thc v bo dng nhng thit b k trn. 4. C kin thc thc t cn thit xc nh v sa cha c hiu qu cc thit b k trn khi cc thit b h hng trn bin 5. C kh nng pht v thu chnh xc bng thoi v telex 6. C kin thc chi tit v nhng qui tc p dng trong thng tin VT, nhng ti liu lin quan n cc ph trong thng tin VT v nm nhng iu khon ca Hi ngh quc t v an ton sinh mng trn bin lin quan n thng tin VT. 7. C kh nng ni v vit thnh tho mt trong nhng ngn ng ca t chc Lin minh vin thng quc t The second-class radio electronic certificate

2.7. GIY PHP V VIC KIM TRA GIM NH TRN TU. 2.7.1. Giy php VT i tu
Ni dung ca giy php VT i tu bao gm:

Tn tu H hiu, s nhn dng (ID) hay cc s hiu nhn bit khc Tn ch tu Cc loi thit b pht Cng sut pht x Ch pht x Di tn s lm vic Cc tn s n nh khc 2.7.2. Kim tra, gim nh VT trn tu.
Theo qui nh th tt c cc thit b thng tin VT trn tu u phi c gim nh, kim tra nh k bi cc c quan c thm quyn m bo rng cc i tu tho mn v ph hp vi cc cng c, cc

15

qui nh hin hnh. Ch tu v nhng ngi c trch nhim trn tu phi c trch nhim to mi iu kin vic kim tra, gim nh ny c tin hnh thun li. Khi cc c quan c thm quyn ca nc s ti tin hnh vic thanh tra, kim tra i tu, thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu phi trnh bo nhng chng ch VT c lin quan n i tu cng nh nhng chng ch ca s quan VT.

2.8.

CHC TRCH CA S QUAN VT TRN TU.

S quan VT trn tu chu s ch o trc tip ca thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu. Ngi c thm quyn s yu cu s quan VT phi tun th theo cc qui nh, th l thng tin VT quc t. S quan VT s l ngi trc tip chu trch nhim thc hin cc chc nng thng tin trn tu.

CHNG 3. NGHIP V THNG TIN CP CU, KHN CP V AN TON


3.1. CC TRNG HP CP CU, KHN CP V AN TON.
Ch p dng i vi cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi hoc hng khng.

3.1.1. Cc trng hp cp cu.


Mt i tu hoc mt i tu mt t l cc i lu ng c gi l ang trong tnh trng cp cu khi i tu hoc i tu mt t ; hoc mt hoc nhiu ngi trn cc tu ang hoc s gp nguy him cn s tr gip ngay lp tc.

16

Cc cuc gi cp cu c bt u bng tn hiu bo ng cp cu Cc bc in cp cu c bt u bng tn hiu bo ng cp cu MAY DAY

3.1.2. Cc trng hp khn cp.


Mt i tu hoc mt i tu mt t l cc i lu ng c gi l ang trong tnh trng khn cp khi i tu hoc i tu mt t ; hoc mt hoc nhiu ngi trn cc tu ang hoc s gp nguy him cn s tr gip. Cc cuc gi khn cp c bt u bng tn hiu bo ng khn cp Cc bc in khn cp c bt u bng tn hiu khn cp PAN PAN

3.1.3. Cc trng hp gi an ton.


Cc cuc gi an ton c thc hin bi cc i lu ng, cc i duyn hi hoc cc i b lm nghip v lu ng hng hi pht i cc thng bo hoc cc bn tin m cc i nhn thy rng chng cn thit cho vn an ton hng hnh ca cc i lu ng khc. Cc bc in an ton c bt u bng tn hiu an ton SECURITY

3.2.

QUI NH CHUNG V CP CU KHN CP V AN TON.


Nhng thng tin cp cu s c u tin tuyt i trn tt c cc loi thng tin khc. Tt c cc

3.2.1. Nhng qui nh chung.


i khi nghe c mt cuc gi cp cu hoc thng tin cp cu hoc nhng thng tin lin quan n cp cu, phi ngay lp tc ngng mi pht x gy can nhiu hoc c th gy can nhiu ti cuc gi hoc cc thng tin cp cu v pht in cp cu.

Cc cuc gi cp cu v in cp cu ch c pht i khi c lnh ca thuyn trng hoc ngi


c trch nhim trn tu.

Cc i dch v di ng mt t trong khu vc dn c tha tht hoc hot ng trong khu vc


hn ch, cho mc ch cp cu v an ton s dng cc tn s c qui nh trong h thng GMDSS.

Nhng th tc v cp cu, khn cp v an ton c trnh by trong chng ny l bt buc i


vi trm dch v di ng mt t dng cc tn s c qui nh trong h thng GMDSS cho mc ch thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton.

Khng c bt k mt iu khon no ngn cm cc i di ng hoc cc i v tinh di ng mt


t trong khi b nn, dng bt c phng tin g bo v tr, gy s ch v t c mc ch cu tr.

Khng c bt k mt iu khon no ngn cm cc i tu, i my bay, cc i duyn hi hoc


cc i v tinh mt t dng bt k mt phng tin no tin hnh vic tm kim cu tr mt i di ng hoc mt i di ng mt t khc ang trong tnh trng b nn.

Cc trm i tu v tinh mt t c th c ch nh thc hin cc mc ch thng tin cp


cu v an ton vi mt i khc trn cc bng tn dng cho nghip v di ng v tinh hng hi trong nhng hon cnh c bit mc d cc phng php lm vic quy nh trong cc iu khon ca T chc lin minh vin thng quc t.

Khi pht in cp cu, khn cp hoc an ton bng VT thoi phi pht m chm ri, r rng.
Trong trng hp kh khn v ngn ng, c nghip v v bng phin m quc t.

Cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton c th c pht trn cc bng tn MH/HF v VHF


ca cc thit b DSC, thoi SSB, NBDP hoc cc thit b thng tin v tinh trn cc knh(tn s) chung quc t vi mc u tin cao nht.

17

Cc i lm nghip v di ng hng hi c th thng tin vi cc i my bay cho mc ch an


ton nhng phi s dng tn s thch hp cho nghip v ny v phi tun theo cc th tc qui nh.

Cc i my bay khi thng tin vi cc i lu ng hng hi cho mc ch cp cu v an ton,


phi tun theo cc qui nh ca quc gia hoc quc t v cc qui nh trong h thng GMDSS. Cc i phi c kh nng thu, pht ch J3E v H3E trn cc tn s 2182 Khz v 4125Khz; c kh nng thu, pht ch G3E trn cc tn s 156.8Mhz (knh 16) v 156.3Mhz (knh 6).

3.2.2. Cc tn s trong thng tin cp cu khn cp v an ton.


3.2.2.1.Cc tn s cho cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng DSC.

Di tn MF/HF: Cc tn s 2187.5Khz, 4207.5Khz, 8414.5Khz, 12577Khz v 16804.5Khz c


qui nh ch ginh ring cho vic gi cp cu v an ton bng DSC ca cc i lm nghip v di ng hng hi. Cc tn s ny khng c php dng cho cc mc ch khc.

Di tn VHF: Tn s 156.525 Mhz(knh 70) l tn s dng cho cc i lm nghip v di ng


hng hi gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng DSC. 3.2.2.2.Cc tn s cho cp cu khn cp v an ton bng VT thoi trong h thng thng tin mt t

Di tn MF/HF: Cc tn s 2182 khz, 4125 khz, 6312 khz, 12577khz v 16804.5 khz c dng
thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng VT thoi ch J3E hoc H3E. Trong trng hp trn khng c cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton th cc tn s ny c th c dng gi v bt lin lc cho thng tin thng thng bng VT thoi, nhng thi gian gi v cng sut ca my pht phi c hn ch mc nh cn thit.

Di tn VHF:
+ Tn s 156.8Mhz (knh 16) c dng cho thng tin thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng VT thoi. Trong trng hp trn khng c cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton th cc tn s ny c th c dng gi v bt lin lc cho thng tin thng thng bng VT thoi, nhng khng c ko di qu mt pht + Tn s 156.3Mhz (knh 6) c th c dng cho hot ng phi hp tm kim v cu nn gia cc i tu v i my bay. Tn s ny cng c th c dng cho mc ch thng tin an ton gia cc i my bay v i tu. + Tn s 121.5Mhz trong bng tn 117.975 Mhz n 136 Mhz dng cho mc ch cp cu v khn cp trong nghip v di ng hng khng bng VT thoi. 3.2.2.3.Cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng phng thc thng tin NBDP

Tn s 490 khz l tn s quc gia ginh ring cho cc i duyn hi pht cc thng bo kh
tng, thng bo hng hi v cc thng tin an ton cho cc tu bng thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp.

Tn s 518 khz l tn s ca h thng Navtex dnh ring cho cc i duyn hi pht cc thng
bo kh tng, thng bo hng hi b cc thng tin khn cp cho cc tu bng thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp.

Cc tn s2174.5 khz, 4177.5 khz, 6268 khz, 8376.5 khz, 12520 khz v 16695 khz l tn s dnh
ring cho cc thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp. Cc tn s ny khng c php s dng cho cc mc ch thng tin khc.

18

Cc tn s 4210 khz, 6314 khz, 8416.5 khz, 16804.5 khz, 19680.5 khz, 22376 khz v 26100.5
khz l cc tn s dnh ring cho cc i duyn hi pht cc thng tin an ton hng hi bng thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp. 3.2.2.4.Cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton trong h thng thng tin v tinh. Cc tn s 406-406.1 Mhz l tn s dnh ring cho cc phao nh v VT bng v tinh trong h thng COSPAS-SARSAT. Bng tn 1544-1545 Mhz c dng cho cc hot ng cp cu, khn cp v an ton chiu t v tinh xung cc trm mt t, bao gm:

Pht chuyn tip cc tn hiu nh v v tuyn v tinh xung cc trm mt t. Pht chuyn tip ng tn hiu bng hp t v tinh xung cc trm di ng
Bng tn 1626.5-1645.5Mhz c dng cho cc mc ch cp cu v an ton chiu t mt t ti v tinh trong nghip v di ng hng hi. Bng tn 1645.5-1646.5Mhz c dng cho cc cp cu, khn cp v an ton chiu t mt t ti v tinh, bao gm:

Vic pht t cc EPIRB v tinh Pht chuyn tip cc loan bo bp cu t cc v tinh tm thp qu o cc ti cc trm mt t
3.2.2.5.Tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton s dng trn cc xung cu sinh.

Cc thit b VT thoi dng trn xung cu sinh phi c kh nng thu v pht trn tn s 156.8
Mhz trong bng tn t 156-174 Mhz v phi c thm t nht mt tn s khc trong bng tn ny

Thit b pht tn hiu nh v trn xung cu sinh phi c kh nng hot ng trn bng tn s
9200-9500 Mhz.

Thit b gi chn s DSC trn xung cu sinh hot ng trn cc bng tn s:


+ T 1605-2850 khz th phi c kh nng pht trn tn s 2187.5 khz + T 4000-27500 khz th phi c kh nng pht trn tn s 8414.5 khz + T 156-174 Mhz th phi c kh nng pht trn tn s 156.525 khz Bng 3.1 trnh by cc tn s dng trong cp cu, khn cp v an ton trong thng tin lu ng hng hi ca cc thit b thng tin mt t.

Di tn(khz) 410-535 1605-4000 4000-27500

DSC(khz)

Thoi (khz)

2187.5 4207.5

2182 4125

NBDP (khz) 490 518 2174.5 4177.5 4209.5 4210 6268 8376.5 8416.5 12520

Ghi ch Navtex quc gia Navtex quc t

i b pht navtex i b pht thng bo an ton

6312 8414.5 12577

6215 8291 12290

19

16804.5

16420

12579 16695 16806.5 19680.5 22376 26100.5

156-174mhz

156.650mhz Cho hot ng tm kim v cu nn (knh 13) 156.8mhz (knh 16) Bng 3.1: Cc tn s dng trong cp cu, khn cp v an ton trong thng tin lu ng hng hi ca cc thit b thng tin mt t. 3.2.2.6.Bo v v chng can nhiu cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Ngoi tr nhng iu khon qui nh v vic s dng cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton, ngoi ra nghim cm bt k vic pht no gy ra can nhiu hoc c th gy can nhiu ti cc thng tin cp cu, thng bo cp cu, bo ng cp cu, khn cp hoc an ton trn cc tn s: 500 khz, 2174.5 khz, 2182 khz, 2187.5khz, 4125 khz, 4207.5 khz, 6215 khz, 6312 khz, 8291 khz, 8376.5 khz, 8414.5 khz, 12290 khz, 12520 khz, 12577 khz, 16420 khz, 16695 khz, 16804.5 khz, 121.5 Mhz, 156.525 Mhz, 156.8 Mhz, hoc tn s trong bng tn 406-406.1 Mhz, 1544-1545 mhz v 1645.5-1646.5 Mhz. Trc khi pht cc thng tin lin quan n mc ch cp cu, khn cp v an ton trn cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton nh ni mc 3.2.2. phi lng nghe chc chn rng trn tn s khng c cc cuc gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton hoc cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton ang c tin hnh. Nghim cm tt c cc cuc pht x bt k tn s no trong di tn s t 2173.5-2190.5 khz, tr cc tn s 2182 khz, 2174.5 khz, 2177 khz, 2187.5 khz, 2189.5 khz m c nhng qui nh ring v vic s dng cc tn s . Nghim cm tt c cc cuc pht x bt k tn s no trong di tn s t 156.7625- 156.8375 Mhz, tr tn s 156.8 Mhz m c th gy can nhiu ti cc i lm nghip v thng tin di ng hng hi lm vic trn tn s 156.8 Mhz.

156.525mhz knh 70

3.3. TRC CANH THNG TIN CP CU, KHN CP V AN TON. 3.3.1. Trc canh chu k im lng i vi tn s cp cu thoi 2182 Khz.
Tt c cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi u phi thc hin vic trc canh cc chu k im lng ca tn s cp cu thoi 2182 Khz trong gi nghip v ca mnh, t pht 00 n pht th 03 v t pht th 30 n pht th 33 ca mi gi trong ngy t 00 gi n 24 gi UTC. Do nghim cm tt c mi pht x trn tn s 2182 Khz trong cc chu k im lng ni trn, tr cc cuc gi cp cu hoc cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu. Ngoi ra cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi trong gi nghip v ca mnh cng phi thc hin vic trc canh cp cu, khn cp v an ton trn cc tn s cp cu, khn cp v an ton trong cc di tn lm vic c ng k ca cc i .

3.3.2. i vi cc i duyn hi. 20

Tt c cc i duyn hi lm nghip v thng tin cng cng trong h thng thng tin GMDSS lm vic vi h thng ca h thng thng tin mt t, s phi c trch nhim duy tr vic trc canh t ng bng DSC vi nhng chu k, thi gian v trn nhng tn s m c ng k trong danh b cc i duyn hi.

3.3.3. i vi cc i b mt t.
Tt c cc trm i b mt t lm nghip v thng tin cng cng trong h thng thng tin GMDSS lm vic vi h thng thng tin v tinh, s phi c trch nhim duy tr vic trc canh t ng, lin tc i vi nhng cuc pht chuyn tip cp cu ca cc v tinh.

3.3.4. i vi cc trm i tu
Tt c cc trm i tu m c trang b cc thit b thng tin trong h thng GMDSS trong khi hnh trnh trn bin s phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng bng DSC trn nhng tn s gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton trn nhng bng tn m tu ang khai thc. Nhng trm i tu m c trang b cc thit b thng tin nh vy cng s phi duy tr vic trc canh trn nhng tn s thch hp c th t ng thu nhn nhng thng bo kh tng v nhng thng tin an ton hng hi c lin quan n hng hi c lin quan n hng hnh ca tu.

3.3.5. i vi cc trm i tu mt t. (SES)


Nhng trm i tu mt t phi duy tr vic trc canh thu nhn nhng chuyn tip loan bo cp cu chiu t tu trn nhng knh chung hoc nhng knh dnh cho cp cu v an ton. Theo tt c cc trm i tu SES u phi duy tr vic trc canh thng qua my thu EGC.

3.4.

BO NG V GI CP CU.

Mt thng tin cp cu bao gm ba giai on: - Tn hiu bo ng cp cu - Gi cp cu v - Bc in cp cu Bo ng cp cu c th c pht qua h thng thng tin v tinh vi mc u tin cao nht trn knh thng tin chung hoc h thng thng tin VT mt t trn nhng tn s ginh ring cho thng tin cp cu ca cc bng tng MH, HF v VHF dng k thut gi chn s. Cc cuc gi cp cu l cc cuc gi khng c a ch v nhng cuc gi cp cu v cc bc in cp cu nh vy ch c pht i bi thuyn trng hoc ngi c u quyn ca thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu. Bt k mt bo ng cp cu no cng phi bao gm nhn dng ca i b nn v v tr ca n. Mt bo ng cp cu nh vy c th thc hin t ng hoc nhn cng. Trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi cc cuc bo ng v gi cp cu ch c pht i t cc i di ng.

3.4.1. Bo ng v gi cp cu bng DSC.


Theo cng c quc t v an ton sinh mng trn bin SOLAS/1974 b sung v sa i nm 1988, trong h thng an ton v cu nn hng hi ton cu GMDSS, cc thit b gi chn s DSC l cc thit b c bn cho mc ch thng tin an ton v cu nn hng hi ton cu. Ni dung camt bo ng cp cu bng DSC gm:

Tn hiu bo ng cp cu S nhn dng (ID) ca tu b nn V tr ca tu b nn (v , kinh ) 21

Thi gian b nn (UTC) Tnh cht b nn


Nhng ni dung trn c th c truy cp t ng hoc bng tay. Nu trng hp thng tin v v tr ca tu b nn khng c truy cp hoc khng c xc nh th thit b s t ng pht i 10 con s 9 lin tip. Nu trng hp thng tin v thi gian ca tu b nn khng c truy cp hoc khng c xc nh th thit b s t ng pht i 4 con s 8 lin tip. 3.4.1.1.Cuc gi cp cu (tc thi) bng DSC. Kiu gi ny p dng cho trng hp khai thc vin khng c thi gian chun b cc bc in cp cu m ch vic n vo nt Distress, mt s thng tin quan trng ca mt cuc gi cp cu trn y c th thc hin trn mt tn s cp cu duy nht hoc nhiu tn s gi cp cu trong bng tn MF v HF. Trong di tn VHF ch dng mt tn s gi duy nht 156.525 Mhz (knh 70) Ni dung ca cuc gi gm:

Format: Position: Time: Natural: Telecommand:

DISTRESS

Self identification: MMSI (ca tu pht cp cu)


c cp nht trong my c cp nht trong my La chn mt trong 8 trng hp b nn Telephone

3.4.1.2. Cuc gi cp cu trong trng hp c thi gian chun b bc in cp cu- c thc hin bi khai thc vin. Trong trng hp c thi gian khai thc vin chun b bc in gi cp cu th khai thc vin phi truy cp mt s thng tin quan trng ca mt cuc gi cp cu nh sau:

v tr b nn Thi gian b nn Tnh cht b nn Phng thc v tn s thc hin thng tin cp cu Chn tn s cp cu DSC thch hp gi cp cu.

3.4.2. Cc trng hp bo ng cp cu v chuyn tip bo ng cp cu.


3.4.2.1.Bo ng cp cu c pht bi mt i tu hoc mt i tu mt t. Mt bo ng cp cu c pht bi mt i tu hoc mt i tu mt t khi tu hoc nhng ngi trn tu ang trong tnh trng cp cu, yu cu c tr gip ngay lp tc. Mt bo ng cp cu c ni dung v cch tin hnh nh sau:

Pht tn hiu bo ng cp cu Nhn dng ca i tu ang trong tnh trng cp cu v tr b nn Tnh cht b nn

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3.4.2.2.Pht chuyn tip bo ng cp cu chiu t b n tu. Trong trng hp mt trung tm phi hp cu nn khng th tin hnh cu tr ngay lp tc th mt i b hoc mt trung tm phi hp cu nn s pht chuyn tip bo ng cp cu ti mt tu, mt nhm tu thch hp hoc ti tt c cc tu bng cc thit b thng tin v tinh INMARSAT hoc bng cc thit b DSC. Trong cuc gi chuyn tip cp cu phi ch ra s nhn dng ca i pht chuyn tip cp. Ni dung ca cuc gi chuyn tip cp cu ging nh ni dung ca cuc gi cp cu m i nhn c. 3.4.2.3.Pht chuyn tip bo ng cp cu bi mt i tu khng b nn. Mt i di ng hoc mt i di ng v tinh khi nhn thy rng mt i di ng khc ang trong tnh trng cp cu s pht mt bo ng chuyn tip cp cu trong nhng trng hp sau:

Khi mt i di ng trong tnh trng cp cu nhng khng t pht c bo ng cp cu. Khi thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu nhn thy rng vic gip l cn thit. Format: all ships(or ships in geographical area or individual station) Address: Nu cuc gi all ship th khng cn a a ch, nu gi geographical area or Category: DISTRESS Self identification: +9 s nhn dng MMSI ca i pht chuyn tip Distress ship ID: 9 s nhn dng MMSI ca tu b nn Message: Repeat of original alert information. MMSI (of station in distress) Distress co-ordinates Position Time Type of subsequent communications

Ni dung ca mt chuyn tip bo ng cp cu:

individual station phi a a ch vng a l hoc ID ca i cn gi.

3.4.3. Gi cp cu bng VT thoi.


Th tc mt cuc gi cp cu bng thoi gm:

Tn hiu bo ng cp cu Gi cp cu Pht bc in cp cu MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY This is (hoc DE-delta echo- trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn) H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu b nn-pht 3 ln

C th:

Ni dung ca mt bc in cp cu bao gm

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Tn hiu cp cu MAYDAY H hiu hoc s nhn dng khc ca tu b nn V tr b nn Nhng yu cu tr gip

Nhng thng tin khc nu c 3.4.4. Gi cp cu bng cc thit b thng tin v tinh
Trong cc thit b thng tin v tinh c hai phng thc c bn gi cp cu:

Gi cp cu bng telex. Gi cp cu bng thoi

3.4.4.1.Gi cp cu bng telex i vi trm SES INMARSAT C Gm hai phng php sau: A/ Dng phm DISTRESS ALERT pht mt bo ng cp cu. p dng trong trng hp b nn nhng khng c thi gian son bc in chi tit, bng cch n v gi nt DISTRESS ALERT trong khong 5 giy. Ch : mt s thng tin v v tr, thi gian, tc v hng tu khng c trong loan bo cp cu nu cc thit b ca SES khng c cc thit b cp nht cc thng tin lin tc. B/ son tho Bc 1: son in vi ni dung sau:

Tn hiu cp cu MAYDAY Tn tu hoc s nhn dng khc v tr b nn Thi gian b nn Tnh cht b nn Yu cu tr gip Nhng thng tin khc Lu bc in va son vo file v t tn file Format: Distress (selected) Type: Telex (selected) File name LES ID: (entered)

Bc 2: Bc 3: Lm th tc chuyn bc in cp cu gm:

Bc 4: Tin hnh pht in cp cu.

3.4.4.2.Gi cp cu bng thoi thng qua cc thit b thng tin v tinh.

Nhc handset

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n phm EMERGENCY hoc phm * v gi trong 5 giy. Nhp ID ca trm LES gn nht Quay s in thoi ca RCC gn nht Pht li ku cu v bc in cp cu.

3.5. BO NHN MT CUC GI CP CU. 3.5.1. Th tc bo nhn mt cuc gi cp cu.


3.5.1.1.Bo nhn cp cu t mt i duyn hi, mt i v tinh mt t CES hoc t mt trung tm phi hpcu nn RCC. Cc i duyn hi v cc i v tinh mt t thch hp khi nhn c mt bo ng cp cu phi chc chn rng ni dung ca loan bo cp cu s c gi ti mt trung tm phi hp cu nn RCC thng qua mt i duyn hi hoc mt trm v tinh mt t khi nhn c mt loan bo cp cu s phi tin hnh pht xc nhn loan bo cp cu. cng sm cng tt. Mt i duyn hi s phi pht xc nhn mt cuc gi cp cu ti tt c cc tu bng k thut gi chn s DSC trn tn s gi cp cu m i duyn hi nhn c mt cuc gi cp cu . 3.5.1.2.Bo nhn cp cu t mt i tu hoc mt i tu mt t. Cc i tu hoc cc i tu mt t khi nhn c mt loan bo cp cu s phi thng bo cho thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu nhng thng tin ca cuc gi cp cu cng sm cng tt. Nhng vng bin m chc chn s thng tin c vi mt hoc nhiu i duyn hi, cc i tu khi nhn c mt loan bo cp cu s phi tr hon vic xc nhn ca munh cho cc i duyn hi xc nhn trc. Mt i tu nhn c mt loan bo cp cu trn di tn HF s khng xc nhn loan bo cp cu , nhng s phi thc hin vic trc canh trn cc tn s cp cu vi nhng phng thc thng tin thch hp. Nu trong khong thi gian 3 pht m khng c mt i duyn hi no pht xc nhn loan bo cp cu th s pht chuyn tip loan bo cp cu . Mt i tu khi pht xc nhn mt cuc gi cp cu s phi:

Pht xc nhn cuc gi cp cu bng thoi trn tn s ginh cho cp cu v an ton bng thoi N u vic xc nhn cuc gi cp cu bng thoi trn cc tn s gi cp cu ca di tn MF

ng vi bng tn dng nhn cuc gi cp cu. hoc VHF khng thnh cng, th vic xc nhn c th c thc hin bng thit b gi chn s DSC trn mt tn s DSC thch hp.

3.5.2. Th tc bo nhn gi cp cu
Tt c cc cuc bo nhn cp cu u c thc hin bng nhn cng m khng c ch t ng xc nhn cuc gi cp cu trong tt c cc thit b thng tin trong h thng GMDSS. 3.5.2.1. Th tc bo nhn cp cu bng DSC Vic bo nhn mt cuc gi cp cu bng DSC thng c p dng cho cc i Duyn Hi, v s c pht trin cng tn s cp cu DSC m tu b nn dng pht bo ng cp cu . i vi cc i tu khi nhn c mt bo ng cp cu bng DSC s phi ch mt khong thi gian t 3 n 5 pht cho cc i Duyn Hi xc nhn trc. Nu trong khong thi gian trn, khng c bt k mt i no pht xc nhn th di tu s lm th tc bo nhn cuc gi cp cu bng thoi nu thy s

25

tr gip l cn thit. Mt i tu khng b nn khi nhn c mt bo ng cp cu bng DSC ch thc hin vic bo nhn bng DSC khi bit chc chn rng bo ng cp cu nm ngoi vng ph sng ca cc i Duyn Hi m chc chn rng bo ng cp cu nm ngoi vng ph sng ca cc i Duyn Hi m chc chn s khng c bt c mt i no c kh nng nhn c bo ng cp cu . Cn lu rng khi i tu pht xc nhn cuc gi cp cu bng DSC cho tu b nn, th i tu phi pht chuyn tip loan bo cp cu ti mt i Duyn Hi v phi chc chn rng i tu mnh ang trong vng ph sng ca t nht mt i Duyn Hi gn nht. Cc lu trong hnh 3.1, hnh 3.2 v 3.3 trnh by cc trng hp xc nhn mt loan bo cp cu trong vng bin A1, A2, A3. Ni dung ca mt cuc xc nhn cp cu bng DSC bao gm: Format : ALL SHIPS Category : DISTRESS Self dentification : 9 s nhn dng MMSI ca i tu pht xc nhn Telecommand : DISTRESS ACKNOWLEDGENMENT Diastress Ship's ID : 9 s nhn dng MMSI ca tu b nn. 3.5.2.2. Th tc bo nhn cp cu bng thoi Th tc bo nhn mt cuc gi cp cu bng v tuyn in thoi trong h thng thng tin GMDSS c p dng cho cc i tu hoc cc i tu mt t nh sau: - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY" - Mt ln. - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ID ca tu b nn - pht 3 ln; - "THIS IS" hoc DE (Delta E cho trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn). - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ID ca i bo nhn cp cu - pht 3 ln; "RECEIVED" hoc RRR (Remeo Romeo Romeo trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn). - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY".

26

Nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC

Canh nghe trn knh 16 trong vng 5 pht

C bo nhn ca i DH or RCC khng? Khng Thng tin cp cu c thc hin khng? Khng Bo ng cp cu DSC c tip tc khng? Khng

Tu c kh nng tr gip khng? C C

Khng

Xc nhn bo ng cp cu bng thoi trn knh 16 ti tu b hn

Thng bo ti i Duyn Hi hoc RCC

a thit b v trng thi hot ng bnh thng

Nhp cc thng tin nhn c vo file log

Hnh 3.1. Hnh ng ca tu khng b nn khi nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC knh 70/VHF

27

Nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC

Canh nghe trn VHF knh 16trong vng 5 pht

C bo nhn ca i DH or RCC khng? Khng Thng tin cp cu c thc hin khng? Khng Bo ng cp cu DSC c tip tc khng? Khng

Tu c kh nng tr gip khng? C C

Khng

Xc nhn bo ng cp cu bng thoi trn knh 16/182khz ti tu b hn

Thng ti Duyn hoc RCC

bo i Hi

a thit b v trng thi hot ng bnh thng

Nhp cc thng tin nhn c vo file log

Hnh 3.2. Hnh ng ca tu khng b nn khi nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC knh VHF/MF

28

Nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC

Canh nghe trn knh 16/218khz trong vng 5 pht

C bo nhn ca i DH or RCC khng? Khng Thng tin cp cu c thc hin khng? Khng Pht chuyn tip cp cu bng HF/DSC ti DH

Tu c kh nng tr gip khng? C

Khng

Xc nhn bo ng cp cu bng thoi trn knh 16/182khz ti tu b hn

a thit b v trng thi hot ng bnh thng

Nhp cc thng tin nhn c vo file log

Hnh 3.3. Hnh ng ca tu khng b nn khi nhn c bo ng cp cu bng DSC trn di tn HF

29

3-5-2-3. Th tc bo nhn cp cu bng TLX. Th tc bo nhn mt cuc gi cp cu bng TLX trong h thng thng tin GMDSS c p dng cho cc di tu nh sau: - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY"; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu b nn; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu bo nhn cp cu; - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY". Vic bo nhn cp cu bng TLX i vi mt cuc gi cp cu t mt di tu v tinh mt t s c thc hin bi mt di b v tinh mt t bng vic pht li s nhn dng ca di tu pht loan bo cp cu.

3.6. THNG TIN CP CU


Thng tin cp cu c thc hin bi cc thit b thng tin v tuyn in MF, HF v VHF ca h thng thng tin mt t; v cc thit b ca h thng thng tin v tinh, nh INMARSAT AIB hoc INMARSAT C, bng cc phng thc thng tin thoi hoc telex. thng tin cp cu c u tin cao nht, nn tt c cc loi thng tin khc. Thng tin cp cu bao gm tt c cc bc' in lin quan dn vic yu cu tr gip ngay lp tc ca mt tu ang trong tnh trng p cu, n cng bao gm c nhng thng tin tm kim v cu nn v nhng thng tin in trng. Thng tin cp cu c th c thc hin trn cc tn s cp cu. Cc bc din cp cu chuyn bng phng thc thoi cng nh bng TLX u bc in cp cu c bt u bng tn hiu ci cu MAYDAY. Tt c cc bc in cp cu bng tlx, theo qui nh trc khi bt u bc in phi xung dng v li vo mt ch, sau l tn hiu cp cu MAYDAY v ni dung bc in cp cu. Khi thng tin cp cu c thit lp bi tu b nn bng thit b NBDP, th phi chn ch FEC thc hin thng tin ch ARQ cng c lc dc s dng khi thng tin cp cu d dc pht trc o bng ch FEC. Trung tm phi hp cu lut s chu trch nhim iu khin cc hot ng tm kim v cu nn. Tt c cc di khi nhn c mt cuc gi hoc thng tin cp cu phi ngay lp tc ngng tt c cc vic pht m c tri can nhiu ti thng tin cp cu v phi lng nghe trn tn s dng gi cp cu. Cc trung tm phi hp tm kim v cu nn hoc cc i duyn hi c th yu cu cc i ang gy nhiu ti cc thng tin cp cu phi ngng pht v gi im lng. Ch dn ny c th c a li tt c cc hoc ch cho mt di. Th tc nh sau: Trong thng tin thoi s dng tn hiu: "SEL LOD MAYDAY" c pht m theo ting Php l "siletlcc m'aider". V d: - Mayday - Hello all stations. - This is. - Name or call sign or ID of RCC or Coast station. - Seelonce mayday. - Nu dng TLX bng cc thit b NBDP ch FEC s dng tn hiu "Silence mayday".

30

3.7. THNG TIN HIN TRNG


Thng tin hin trng l nhng thng tin gia mt i lu ng ang trong tnh trng cp cu v cc i lu ng lm nhim v cu tr, v gia cc i lu ng vi n v hot ng phi hp tm kim v cu tr. n v lm nhim v phi hp hot ng tm kim v cu tr c trch nhim iu khin thng tin hin trng. Tt c cc i lu ng c th tham gia vo vic thng tin c lin quan n trng hp b nn. Nhng thng tin ny u c s dng trn cc tn s thng tin simplex. Cc tn s 156,8 mhz v 2182 khz s c dng cho thng tin hin trng i vi phng thc thng tin thoi. Tn s 2174,5 khz cng c th c dng cho thng tin hin trng gia tu vi tu bng thit b truyn ch trc tip bng hp ch FEC. b sung cho tn s 156,8 mhz v tn s 2182 khz, cc tn s 3023 khz, 4125 khz, 5680 khz, 123,1 mhz v 156,3 mhz (knh 6/VHF) cng c dng cho thng tin hin trng gia tu v my bay. n v hot ng phi hp tm kim v cu nn s c trch nhim la chn v quyt nh cc tn s cho thng tin hin trng. Thng thng, n v hot ng phi hp tm kim v cu nn s thit lp mt tn s cho thng tin hin trng, tt c cc i lu ng khc c tham gia vo thng tin hin trng s phi duy tr lin tc vic trc canh trn tn s d c la chn ny.

3.8. HTHNG PHAO NH V V TUYN TRONG THNG TIN CP CU, KHN CP V AN TON - EPIRBS.
Thit b EPIRB l mt b phn quan trng trong thng tin cp cu khn cp v an ton ca h thng GMDSS, v theo quy nh th tt c cc tu chy bin u phi trang b thit b ny. Trong h thng GMDSS, EPIRB c quy nh l loi t ni v kn nc. Thng thng, EPIRB c t trn mt gi mt v tr thch hp trn boong tu, sao cho nu trng hp tu b chm m th h thng kch hot s t ng kch hot EPIRB v pht tn hiu bo ng cp cu. Tn hiu pht i t EPIRB s bao gm tn hiu bo ng cu nn ph hp vi h thng v tuyn in thch hp, tn hiu nhn dng ca tu hay phng tin b nn v mt s thng tin cn thit khc phc v cho vic nh v tu b nn. Thit b phao nh v v tuyn - EPIRB bao gm 2 loi: - EPIRB trong h thng COSPAS - SARSAT, v - EPIRB trong h thng INMARSAT.

3.8.1. EPIRB trong h thng COSPAS - SARSAT


H thng Cospas - Sarsat l mt h thng v tinh tr gip tm kim v cu nn, c thit lp xc nh v tr ca thit b EPIRB da trn nguyn tc hiu ng Dopple, trn tn s 121,5 mhz v 406,025 mhz. H thng c s dng phc v tt c cc t chc trn th gii c trch nhim tm kim v cu hn trn bin, trn khng v trn t lin. 3.8.1.1. c tnh ca h thng COSPAS-SARSAT. c tnh ca h thng COSPAS - SARSAT c trnh by trong bng sau:

31

Cc tnh cht - Kh nng pht hin - Kh nng nh v - chnh xc nh v - Kh nng loi b nh - Dung lng hot ng cng mt lc - Vng bao ph

EPIRB 121,5 Mhz Khng p dng 0,9 17,2 km 0,73 10 Tc thi

EPIRB 406 Mhz 0,98 0,9 90% trong vng 5km 0,96 90 Tc thi v ton cu

Bng 3.2. c tnh ca h thng COSPAS - SARSAT S pht trin ca EPIRB 406 mhz c xem nh khc phc nhc im ca EPIRB v tinh 121,5 mhz. Cc loi EPIRB 406 mi c cc c tnh nh sau: - Tng chnh xc nh v tr v loi tr tnh a tr. - Tng dung lng ca h thng, tc l tng s lng ca beacon pht ng thi trong cng tm quan st ca mt v tinh c th x l c. - C tnh bao ph ton cu. - Mi beacon ch c mt s nhn dng cu nn. Mt EPIRB 406 mhz bc x cng sut 5w trong khong thi gian 0,5 giy vi chu k lp li l 50 giy. Chu k lp li di cho php truy nhp nhiu ng. Vi mt h thng, cho php x l ng thi ti 90 beacon trong tm quan st ca v tinh v tiu hao cng sut trung bnh thp. Cc EPIRB v tinh loi hai tn s 121,5/406,025 mhz cho php s dng cc vng c s kim sot khng lu. Tu loi beacon (hng hi, hng khng hay trn t lin) cc beacon c th c kch hot nhn cng hay t ng. 3.8.1.2. Th tc khai thc v ni dung bc in EPIRB Phn ny s trnh by v d liu bo ng, nhng thng tin v h thng v ni dung chnh ca mt bc in trong EPIRB. D liu bo ng. D liu bo ng cho ngi s dng l nhng d liu cho hot ng ca SAR. Thng tin h thng cho ngi s dng l nhng vn t chc c bn trong k thut ca h thng COSPAS - SARSAT. D liu bo ng c hai loi: in pht ra t phao tin m ho v in bo ng t LUT/MCC. Cc tn hiu pht i t cc EPIRB c kch hot s cung cp u vo ban u to ra tn hiu bo ng. Khi trm LUT thu v x l in EPIRB m ho th d liu bo ng ctruyn ti MCC quc gia phn pht. Tu theo cc yu cu v th tc m mi MCC pht d liu bo ng cho cc quc gia trong vng dch v ca n khi t c tho thun nhn nhng d liu ca SAR c th c tin hnh ngay lp tc. Hn na, bt k mt MCC no khi thu vng no trn th gii, th cn phi pht li thng tin cho MCC thch hp hoc c quan c thm quyn ca SAR. Thng tin h thng Thng tin h thng bao gm nm loi in h thng nh sau: - Thng tin lch thin vn hoc vect qu o: c s dng ly v di theo v tinh nhm tnh ton cc v tr ca EPIRB.

32

- in hiu chnh thi gian: Cn thit cho vic xc nh chnh xc ca php nh v EPIRB. - in d liu Telemetry: Cung cp cc thng tin v tnh trng ca cc thit b SAR trn tu. - Cc thng tin iu hnh v tinh: c pht ln trong qu trnh pht cc th tc kim tra sa cha cc li hoc cc tnh trng sai st qu gii hn. - in phi hp: c dng thng tin cc tin tc chung cn thit khai thc h thng COSPAS SARSAT. Ni dung cc bc in: Cc bc in ca EPIRB 121,5 mhz ch bao gm cc tn hiu bo ng c pht ln v tinh v cc v tinh ca h thng COSPAS - SARPAT s xc nh v tr ca EPIRB. Cc bc in ca EPIRB 406 mhz bao gm tn hiu bo ng, s nhn dng ID ca tu b nn, quc tch ca tu b nn, v tr ca tu b nn s do v tinh trong h thng COSPAS - SARSAT xc nh da trn hiu ng Dopple. Vi cc EPIRB 406 mhz loi mi, trong ni dung cc bc in ngoi s nhn dng, quc tch ca tu b nn, cn cha ng nhng thng tin v v tr, tnh cht b nn...

3.8.2. EPIRB ca h thng INMARSAT.


EPIRB v tinh bng L hot ng qua h thng v tinh INMARSAT (INMARSAT - E) c th dng nh mt phng tin bo ng cu nn cho cc tu hot ng trong cc vng bin A1, A2, A3 nh l mt s la chn vi EPIRB 406 mhz. EPIRB v tinh bng L cho php bo ng cu nn khn cp (khong 10 pht vi cng sut bc x ca EPIRB l 1W) trong vng bao ph t 70 v bc n 70 v nam, h thng cho php x l ti 20 cuc bo ng ng thi trong khung thi gian 10 pht, vi kh nng thao tc nhn cng hoc t ng cp nht thng tin v v tr vo EPIRB. EPIRB bng L c th c kch hot bng nhn cng hoc t ng khi tu chm m. Sau khi kch hot, EPIRB v tinh bng L pht mt bc in bo ng cu nn. Cc thng tin ny c lp li theo mt chu k nht nh. Sau khi c v tinh INMARSAT pht chuyn tip, tn hiu bo ng cp cu c a ti trm i b NCS (hoc LES) bng tn s n nh ring, c h thng my tnh x l tn hiu nhn dng v gii m bc in. Bc in bo ng cp cu sau c gi ti cho mt trung tm phi hp cu nn RCC thch hp.

3.9. BO YN CP CU
Khi thng tin cp cu c kt thc trn cc tn s cp cu, Trung tm phi hp cu nn iu khin cc hot ng tm kim v cu nn s pht mt bc in trn cc tn s cp cu ch ra rng thng tin cp cu c kt thc. Khi nhn c bc in bo yn cp cu nh vy, cc i lm nghip v lu ng hng hi s kt thc qu trnh trc canh thng tin cp cu v tr li cc hot ng nghip v bnh thng ca cc i . Trong thng tin VT thoi, ni dung mt bc in bo yn cp cu bao gm: - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY". - "Hello all station" "CQ" (pht m l CHARLIE QUEBEC trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn) pht 3 ln; - "This is" hoc "DE" (pht m l DELTA ECHO trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn) - pht 1 ln; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng (ID) ca i pht bc in ; - Gi ng k bc in bo yn (gi UTC); - Tn v h hiu ca i lu ng b nn; - "SEELONCE FEENEE" pht m theo ting Php l "Silence fini".

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i vi cc phng thc thng tin bng TLX, ni dung mt bc in bo yn c bn ca ging trng hp thoi, bao gm: - Tn hiu cp cu "MAYDAY" - CQ - DE - H hiu hoc s nhn dng (ID) ca i pht bc in bo yn; - G ng k bc in bo yn - Tn v h hiu ca i lu ng b nn; - "SILENCE FINI" Tm tt cc qu trnh gi cp cu v thng tin cp cu trong h thng GMDSS c trnh by theo lu hnh 3.3.

3.10. HU B MT CUC GI CP CU
Trong h thng thng tin GMDSS, mt bo ng cp cu t mt i di ng Hng hi s ngay lp tc c chuyn ti mt RCC gn nht thng qua cc i Duyen Hi hoc i NCS (hoc LES), RCC s nhanh chng t chc v tin hnh cu tr. Do , khi c mt loan bo cp cu nhm c pht i, v bt c l do no, di tu pht loan bo cp cu nhm phi ngay lp tc bng cc thit b v phng thc thng tin trn nhng tn s u tin thch hp, thng bo cho RCC qua cc i Duyn Hi hoc trm NCS (hoc LES) hu b loan bo cp cu nhm . Ni dung bao gm: - Hello all stations; 3 ln. - This is; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu 3 ln. - V tr; - Cancel my DSC Distrees alert of (date), (time) UTC. - Over.

3.10.2. Hu b mt cuc gi nhm cp cu c pht bi thit b NBDP


Khi c mt bc in bo ng cp cu nhm c pht qua thit b NBDP, v bt k l do no, cng phi ngay lp tc thng bo ti cc i Duyn Hi gn nht v cc di tu ln cn trn tn s u tin cp cu hu b bc in cp cu nhm . - Ni dung ca bc in thng bo hu b bc in cp cu bao gm: - CQ; - DE; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu; - V tr; - Cancel my DSC Distress Alert of (Date), (time) UTC. = Masterr +

3.10.3. Hu b mt cuc gi nhm cp cu trn thit b INMARSAT


Mt bo ng cp cu nhm c pht qua thit b INMARSAT - A/B hoc C v bt k mt nguyn nhn no, cng phi ngay lp tc thng bo ti RCC thch hp hu b loan bo cp cu nhm bng vic pht mt bc in u tin cp cu bng thoi trn knh 16/VHF hoc tn s 2182 khz qua mt i Duyn Hi gn nht, v mt bc in u tin cp cu bng telex (i vi INMARSAT C) Hoc bng

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thoi (vi INMARSAT A/B, M) gi qua trm NCS hoc LES m loan bo cp cu nhm c chuyn qua . Th tc hu b bo ng nhm bng thoi thc hin trn knh 16/VHF hoc tn s 2182 khz nh trnh by trn. Ni dung ca bc in thng bo hu bot mt loan bo cp cu nhm c thc hin bng thit b INMARSAT C bao gm: - Tn tu; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng IMN; - V tr; - "Cancel my INMARSAT - C Distress alert of (date). (time) UTC. = Master +. i vi INMARSAT - A/B hoc M, tu pht cuc gi cp cu nhm s bng phng thc thng tin thoi INMARSAT vi mc u tin cao nht (mc s 3) gi ti mt RCC gn nht hoc qua NCS m cuc gi cp cu nhm gi ti thng bo vic hu b cuc gi cp cu nhm.

3.10.4. Hu b mt cuc gi cp cu nhm c pht bi EPIRB - 406.


Khi c mt loan bo cp cu nhm pht qua thit b EPIRB - 406, v bt c l do g, cng phi ngay lp tc thng bo ti cc i Duyn Hi gn nht bng phng thc thng tin thoi trn knh 16 VHF hoc trn tn s 2182 khz, hoc trn tn s cp cu thoi thch hp, hu b loan bo cp cu nhm . Ni dung bao gm: - Hello all stations; 3 ln. - This is; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu 3 ln. - V tr; - Cancel my DSC Distrees alert of (date), (time) UTC. - Over.

3.11. THNG TIN HIN TRNG - ON - SCENE COMMUNICATIONS


Thng tin hin trng l thng tin gia mt i di ng ang trong tnh trng cp cu v i di ng tham gia cu tr; v gia cc i di ng vi n v phi hp hot ng tm kim v cu nn. n v phi hp hot ng tm kim v cu tr s chu trch nhim iu khin cc thng tin hin trng. Trong thng tin hin trng s s dng cc knh simplex, nu dng thit b thc thoi, s dng trn knh 16/VHF (tn s 156,8 mhz) v tn s 2182 khz; trng hp thng tin hin trng gia tu vi tu bng thit b NBDP s thc hin trn tn s 2174,5 khz ch FEC. Trong phng thc thng tin thoi, b xung cho cc tn s 156,8 mhz (knh 16/VHF) v tn s 2182 khz c th dng cc tn s 3023 khz, 4125 khz, 5680 khz, 123,1 mhz v 156,3 mhz (knh 6/VHF) cho thng tin hin trng gia tu bin v my bay. Cc tn s cho thng tin hin trng s o n v phi hp tm kim v cu tr la chn v quyt nh. Thng thng, mt tn s cho thng tin hin trng s c thit lp, cc i di ng s duy tr vic trc lin tc bng cc thit b thng tin thch hp trn tn s c la chn.

3.12. TH TC PHT TH CP V AN TON


Vic pht cc tn hiu th ch c thc hin khi thc s cn thit v phi c hn ch v thi gian v cng sut trnh gy can nhiu, c bit khi th trn cc tn s cp cu v an ton. Bt k u khi

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tin hnh vic pht th phi thc hin mc cng sut thp nht, phi thng bo c s phi hp vi cc i xung quanh. Vic th trn cc tn s gi cp cu v an tpn phi thc hin bng thoi. Cc i pht tn hiu th phi lun km theo s nhn dng ca i pht th v phi ch r ra rng i ang pht th. Trc khi thc hin vic pht th, khai thc vin phi lng nghe trn tn s nh pht th chc chn rng khng c cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton ang c tin hnh trn cc tn s .

3.13. TH TC THNG TIN KHN CP V AN TON TRONG H THNG GMDSS


Nhng th tc c trnh by sau y ch p dng cho cc trng hp khn cp v an ton.

3.13.1. Cc loi thng tin khn cp v an ton


Nhng thng tin c gi l khn cp v an ton l nhng loi thng tin nh sau: - Nhng thng bo hng hi v nhng thng tin khn cp; - Nhng thng tin an ton hng hi gia tu vi tu. - Nhng thng tin v thng bo hng hnh. - Thng tin phc v cho cc hot ng tm kim v cu tr; - Cc bc in khn cp v an ton khc, v - Nhng thng tin lin quan n hng hi, s di chuyn v nhng vn cn thit khc ca tu v cc bc in thi tit gi cho mt c quan lm cc dcn v thng bo kh tng.

3.13.2. Quy nh chung i vi thng tin khn cp v an ton.


Tt c cc loi thng tin khn cp v an ton c quyn u tin trn tt c cc loi thng tin khc tr cc cuc gi cp cu v cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu. Cc cuc gi khn cp v an ton v cc bc in khn cp v an tpn c th c thc hin trn tn s hoc knh ginh cho gi v thng tin cp cu tng ng vi cc phng thc thng tin m n ang tin hnh trong trng hp trn cc tn s khng c cc cuc gi cp cu hoc cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu. Vi cc bc in di lin quan n khn cp hoc an ton c th thc hin trn cc tn s hoc knh lm vic. Cc cuc gi khn cp v an ton c th gi cho tt c cc tu All Ships hoc gi cho mt trm no c a ch, v trong cc cuc gi nh vy, i gi phi ch ra c tn s v phng thc thng tin tip theo dng chuyn cc bc in .

3.13.3. Th tc v thng tin khn cp


Tn hiu khn cp "PAN PAN" c dng trong cc cuc gi v cc thng tin khn cp ch ra rng c mt bc in rt cp bch c lin quan n vn an ton ca tu, ca my bay hoc ca mt ngi no trn tu. Trong h thng thng tin mt t, cc cuc gi khn cp v loan bo mt bc in khn cp cu v an ton c trnh by mc 3.2.2. Trong trng hp mt bc in khn cp di hoc bc in khn cp ang pht lp li th c th c pht trn tn s lm vic. Khng cn thit phi thc hin mt cuc gi khn cp c pht qua dch v thng tin v tinh di ng hng hi. Tn hiu khn cp v cc bc in khn cp cng c th c pht trn mt hoc nhiu tn s ca cc tn s dng cho thng tin cp cu v an ton, hoc pht qua dch v thng tin di ng v tinh hng hi, hoc trn cc tn s khc s dng cho mc ch ny.

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Trong trng hp gi khn cp bng thit b DSC, v c bn ging nh mt cuc gi cp cu bng DSC, ni dung nh sau: - Format: All ships (Selected) - Category: Urgent (Selected) - Position: Lat ........., (Selected) - Time: ....................... UTC (Selected) - Telecom: ................. (Selected) - DSC freq: ................ (Selected). Thng tin v s nhn dng ca tu (ID) c ci t trc trong cc thit b DSC v t ng pht i trong cc cuc gi. Cc thng tin v v tr v thi gian (trong tnh trng khn cp) ch phi t trong trng hp thit b DSC khng c cp nht lin tc. i vi phng thc thng tin thoi, tn hiu khn cp l "PAN PAN", c gi khn cp (trong trng hp khng gi bng DSC), bao gm tn hiu khn cp "PAN PAN" nhc li 3 ln, theo sau l h hiu hoc s nhn dng (ID) ca i pht bc in khn cp.

V d: Mt cuc gi khn cp nh sau: - PAN PAN, PAN PAN, PAN PAN; - ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS. - THIS IS; - JALAGPAL; JALAGPAL; JALAGPAL Sau cuc gi khn cp l bc in khn cp; PAN PAN THIS IS JALAGOPAL 15 MILES SOUTHWEST OF CALF OF MAN LOST ENGINE CONTROL AND DRIFTING NORTHNORTHEAST ANCHORS NOT HOLDING REQUIRE TOW URGENTLY JALAGOPAL CALLSIGN ATRZ OVER. i vi trng hp dng phng thc TLX qua thit b NBDP, mt bc in khn cp cng phi c bt u bng tn hiu khn cp "PAN PAN" km theo s ARQ c th c s dng cho mc ch ny ch khi trc bc in khn cp c pht ch FEC. Tt c cc cuc gi khn cp v tn hiu khn cp ch c pht i khi c lnh ca thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu. Khi tnh trng khn cp ca i di ng pht bc in khn cp khng cn cn thit th i c trch nhim vi vic pht bc in khn cp phi hu b tnh trng khn cp cng sm cng tt.

3.13.4. Th tc thng tin an ton


Cc cuc gi an ton v cc bc in an ton c bt u bng tn hiu an ton "SECRITY". Cc cuc gi an ton hoc tn hiu an ton ch ra rng i gi ang c mt thng bo quan trng lin quan n hng hnh hoc kh tng cn c pht i.

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Cc bc in an ton c pht trn tn s lm vic sau khi pht mt loan bo cuc gi an ton v cc bc in an ton l cc cuc gi an ton. Hu ht cc cuc gi an ton v cc bc in an ton c pht sau cc chu k im lng ca thoi. - i vi phng thc thng tin thoi, knh 13/VHF c dng pht cc thng bo an ton hng hi gia tu vi tu. Vi cc i Duyn Hi, vic pht cc thng bo an ton c th c thc hin trn cc knh/ tn s khc c ng k trong danh b cc i Duyn Hi hoc s c ch r trong cc cuc gi an ton. Trong h thng GMDSS, khi dng thit b DSC gi an ton, trong bc in loan bo DSC bao gm nhng thng tin sau: - Format: All ships (Selected) - Category: Urgent (Selected) - Position: Lat ........., (Selected) - Time: ....................... UTC (Selected) - Telecom: ................. (Selected) - DSC freq: ................ (Selected). V d: Mt cuc gi an ton bng thoi s thc hin trn knh 16/VHF nh sau: - SECURITY SECURITY SECURITY; - ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS - THIS IS - CALL SIGN/ IDENTIFICATION (pht 3 ln); - LISTRN FOR NAVIGATIONAL WARNING ON CHANNEL 13. Tip theo sau cuc gi an ton l bc in thng bo an ton nh sau: - SECURITY SECURITY SECURITY; - ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS ALL STATIONS - THIS IS NONSUCH, NONSUCH, NONSUCH, - LARGE RED CONTAINER SPOTTED AT 1030 UTC IN POSITION 52,02 NORTH 003,36 WEST VESSEL KEEP SHARP LOOKOUT AND REPORT, OUTnhng

3.13.5. Vn chuyn y t (Medical transports).


Nhng tn hiu ring biit trong nghip v "Medical transports" c th c dng bi cc n v y t hoc cc i thc hin nhng thng tin lin quan n vic bo v nhng ngi trong khu vc ang xy ra chin tranh. Thut ng "Medical transports" c nh ngha trong hi ngh Geneva "Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols" vo thng 12 nm 1949, ch rng dng tr gip nhng ngi b thng trong chin tranh, b m v nhng tu b m chm. Nhng tu ca cc quc gia trung lp khng tham gia vo cuc chin tranh s tin hnh cc cng vic tr gip khi c yu cu ca mt hoc nhiu thnh vin khc khng tham gia vo cuc chin tranh v c s bo v t bt k mt hnh ng th nghch no. loan bo v nhn dng vic vn chuyn y t, mt cng vic phi c bo v theo cc cng c Geneva 1949, tn hiu radio nhn dng s bao gm tn hiu khn cp v km theo t MEDICAL i vi

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phng thc TLX trong cc thit b NBDP, v t MAY - DEE - CAL pht m theo ting php trong thng tin thoi, v th tc tin hnh c thc hin ging nh cuc gi khn cp. V d: Khi dng phng thc thoi loan bo s thc hin nh sau: PAN PAN PAN - DEE - CAL (3 ln) THIS IS NONSUCH (h hiu hoc s nhn dng) (3 ln). Sau khi thc hin mt loan bo v vic vn chuyn y t, bc in v thng tin vn chuyn y t phi c truyn i cng sm cng tt trn nhng tn s lm vic thch hp. Trc cc bc in thng tin y t c bt u bng tn hiu khn cp v bc in phi bao gm nhng thng tin nh sau: - H hiu hoc s nhn dng khc ca n v tham gia vn chuyn y t - V tr; - S hiu v kiu, loi ca phng tin tham gia vn chuyn y t; - Tuyn ng i; - D kin thi gian trn tuyn hnh trnh v thi gian n v thi gian ri; - V nhng thng tin khc nh tn s trc canh, ngn ng s dng, kiu, m ca radar, ... Radar transponder c th c s dng cho vic nhn dng v nh v nhng vn chuyn y t trn bin.

3.13.6. Pht thng bo an ton hng hi


Cc th tc chi tit ca cc i pht cc thng bo an ton hng hi ging nh th tc thng tin an ton c trnh by mc thng tin an ton 3.12.4. Thng tin an ton hng hi c th c pht qua h thng Navtex quc t trn tn s 518 khz; cc thit b NBDP trn tn s 4210 khz, 6314 khz, 6314 khz, 8416,5 khz, 12579 khz, 16806,5 khz, 19680,5 khz, 22376 khz v 26100,5 khz ch FEC, hoc pht qua h thng v tinh INMARSAT trn bng tn 1530 - 1545 mhz. Nhng thng tin an ton hng hi gia tu vi mc ch an ton hng hi trn bin c dng bng thng tin thoi trn thit b VHF tn s 156,650 mhz (knh 13/VHF).

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CHNG 4 DCH V THNG TIN LU NG HNG HI TRONG H THNG GMDSS


4.1. MT S KHI NIM S DNG TRUNG DCH V THNG TIN LU NG HNG HI. 4.1.1. Trafficlist
"Trafficlist" l mt nghip v ca cc i Duyn Hi lm dch v thng tin cng cng im danh cc i tu m i Duyn Hi ang c in cho cc i tu . Cc i Duyn Hi trong gi nghip v ca mnh phi thc hin cc cuc gi "Trafficlist" theo chu k thi gian v trn cc tn s nht nh. Nghip v "Trafficlist" ca cc i Duyn hi phi c ng k quc t v c h r trong danh b cc i Duyn Hi.

4.1.2. Tn s quc t v tn s quc gia


Trong thng tin v tuyn n hng hi c cc tn s quc t v tn s quc gia. Tn s quc t l cc tn s do T chc lin minh vin thng quc t ITU n nh v qun l. Vic s dng cc tn s ny phi tun th theo cc quy nh ca quc t. Tn s quc gia l cc tn s do cc quc gia qui nh v qun l. Vic s dng cc tn s ny phi tun th theo cc quy nh ring ca mi quc gia, cc quy nh ny cng phi ph hp vi cc quy nh chung quc t.

4.1.3. Knh Simplex v knh Duplex.


Trong thng tin v tuyn in hng hi, ngoi cch gi trc tip trn cc tn s pht (Tx) v tn s thu (Rx), n gin ngi ta cn s dng "knh" (channed) thng tin. Mt knh thng tin no l mt cp tn s bao gm mt tn s thu v mt tn s pht, mt cp tn s pht - thu c th ging nhau hoc khc nhau. Nu mt knh thng tin c tn s thu bng tn s pht (Rx = Tx), th ta gi knh thng tin l knh simplex. Trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi, cc cuc thng tin gia tu vi tu thng s dng knh simplex. V d: Trong bng tn VHF c cc knh simplex nh: - Knh 11 c Tx = Rx = 156,550 mhz. - Knh 12 c Tx = Rx = 156,600 mhz. - Knh 13 c Tx = Rx = 156,650 mhz. Trong bng tn HF c cc knh simplex nh sau: - Knh 428 c Tx = Rx = 4351 mhz. - Knh 429 c Tx = Rx = 4354 mhz. - Knh 836 c Tx = Rx = 8713 mhz. - .... Nu mt knh thng tin c tn s thu v tn s pht khc nhau (Rx Tx), th ta gi knh thng tin l knh Duplex.

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Trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi, cc cuc thng tin gia i Duyn Hi vi mt i tu thng s dng knh duplex. V d: Trong bng tn VHF c cc knh duplex nh: - Knh 23 c Tx = 157,150 mhz; Rx = 161,750 mhz. - Knh 24 c Tx = 157,200 mhz; Rx = 161,800 mhz. - Knh 60 c Tx = 157,025 mhz; Rx = 160,625 mhz. - ..... Trong bng tn HF c cc knh duplex nh sau: - Knh 401 c Tx = 4065 khz; Rx = 4375 khz. - Knh 801 c Tx = 8195 khz; Rx = 8719 khz. - Knh 1601 c Tx = 16360 khz; Rx = 17242 khz.

4.1.4. Tn s (hoc knh) chung v tn s (hoc knh) lm vic


Nhng tn s (hoc knh) c quy nh gi v bt lin lc m khng dng cho cc mc ch khc (tr cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton), th c gi l cc tn s (hoc knh) chung. Khi s dng cc tn s ny phi tun th y cc quy nh i vi cc tn s (hoc knh) chung. Khi s dng cc tn s ny phi tun th y cc quy nh i vi cc tn s (hoc knh) dng gi v bt lin lc. V d: - Mt s tn s (hoc knh) chung dng gi v bt lin lc nh sau: - Knh 16 VHF. - Tn s 2182 khz. - Tn s 8291 khz. - ....... Nhng tn s (hoc knh) c quy nh dng trao i thng tin gia cc i lm nghip v lu ng hng hi, th c gi l tn s (hoc knh) lm vic. Vic trao i thng tin trn cc tn s ny khng hn ch thi gian. V d: Mt s tn s (hoc knh) lm vic nh sau: - Cc knh duplex t 21 n 28 bng tn VHF l cc knh lm vic trong dch v thng tin cng cng gia i Duyn Hi v i tu. Trong cc bng tn s ca thng tin thoi v thng tin telex tr cc tn s ginh cho cp cu, khn cp v an ton, cn li l cc tn s dng trao i thng tin trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi.

4.1.5. Ch pht x
Trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi cc loi pht x c k hiu theo nhng c tnh c bn ca cc loi pht x . Nhng c tnh c bn c k hiu bng 3 k t nh sau: - K t th nht Bng cc ch ci ch phng php iu ch tn s sng mang, bao gm: N: Pht x 1 song mang khng iu ch. A: iu ch hai bin H: iu ch n bin sng mang ton phn. R: iu ch n bin sng mang suy gim. J: iu ch n bin loi b sng mang.

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F: iu tn. G: iu pha. - K t th hai: Bng cc ch s ch tnh cht ca tn hiu iu ch tn s sng mang, bao gm: 1. Tn hiu s (tn hiu in bo) khng s dng iu ch sng mang ph. 2. Tn hiu s s dng iu ch sng mang ph. 3. Tn hiu n knh cha thng tin tng t. - K t th ba: Bng cc ch s ch loi thng tin (tin tc) cn pht i, bao gm: N: Khng c thng tin. A: in bo morse thu bng tai. B: in bo thu t ng. C: Facsimile D: Truyn s liu. E: in thoi (bao gm c pht thanh). F: Truyn hnh. Mt s ch pht x dng trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi. J3E: in thoi n bin khng sng mang. H3E: in thoi n bin sng mang ton phn (ch dng cho 2182 khz). F3E: in thoi iu tn (FM). G3E: in thoi iu pha. F1B: in bo di tn khng c iu ch sng mang ph. J2B: in bo di tn c iu ch sng ph.

4.2. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG P DNG TRONG THNG TIN LU NG HNG HI


Nhng quy nh trnh by trong phn ny khng p dng cho cc cuc gi v nhng thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi trong h thng thng tin GMDSS i vi tt c cc phng thc thng tin cng cng thng thng u phi tun th nhng quy nh di y:

4.2.1. S dng gi quc t trong thng tin v tuyn in


Tt c nhng ti liu lin quan n thng tin v tuyn in trn tu (ti liu ca tu, ti liu do ITU xut bn c s dng trn tu) cng nh nht k v tuyn in u thng nht s dng gi UTC (Coordinted Universal Time) tnh t 0000 gi n 23h59 pht, vo lc na m.

4.2.2. Gi nghip v v nhng quy nh v ng, m di lm nghip v thng tin v tuyn in.
Gi nghip v ca cc i Duyn Hi v cc i mt t c th lm vic lin tc 24/24 hoc lm vic vi gi nghip v hn ch. Gi nghip v ca cc i ny u phi c ng k trong danh b cc i duyn hi "List of Coast Stations". Vi cc di b c gi nghip v khng lin tc s khng c ng i trc khi: + Kt thc mt cuc gi cp cu hoc nhng thng tin lin quan n cp cu khn cp v an ton.

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+ Chuyn ht lng in cho cc tu, hoc cha kt thc thng tin vi tu, m cc tu ang nm trong vng dch v ca i b. + Thc hin mt cuc gi chung cho tt c cc tu loan bo vic ng i v thi gian m nghip v nu khc vi gi nghip v bnh thng ca i . Gi nghip v ca cc i tu c th lin tc 24/24 gi, hc gi nghip v hn ch. i vi cc i tu c gi nghip v khng lin tc s khng c ng i trc khi: + Kt thc mt cuc gi cp cu hoc nhng thng tin lin quan n cp cu khn cp v an ton. + Chuyn ht lng in cho cc di b thch hp, hoc cha kt thc thng tin vi cc i b, m i b ang nm trong vng dch v thng tin ca i tu. Tt c nhng i tu c gi nghip v khng lin tc s phi thng bo cho cc i b c lin quan n gi ng v gi m li nghip v ca mnh.

4.2.3. Quy nh v chng can nhiu trong thng tin lu ng hng hi


Tt c mi pht x trong thng tin lu ng hng hi phi c gim mc cng sut nh nht cn thit bao ph trong vng dch v thng tin ca mnh. Tt c mi pht x trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi phi km theo nhn dng ca i pht. Nghim cm mi pht x khng c nhn dng, hoc mo danh nhn dng.

4.2.4. iu khin phin lin lc


Trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi, i no gi quyn iu khin phin lin lc, th trong phin lin lc, i s iu khin nhng vn sau: + Ch nh phng thc v tn s thng tin tip theo. + Thi gian lin lc. + Th t u tin. + Kt thc lin lc, v k c nh ch phin lin lc, ... Trong cc cuc thng tin gia i b v i tu, th i b s gi quyn iu khin phin lin lc. Trong cc cuc thng tin gia tu vi tu, th tu no ch ng gi, i tu s gi quyn iu khin phin lin lc.

4.2.5. Th t u tin trong cc cuc gi.


Trong cc dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi, cng nh dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi v tinh s p dng mc u tin cho cc cuc gi theo th t sau: + Cc cuc gi cp cu, in cp cu v thng tin cp cu. + Cc cuc gi khn cp v thng tin khu cp. + Cc cuc gi an ton v thng tin an ton. + Nhng thng tin lin quan n v tuyn nh v. + Nhng thng tin lin quan di hot ng tm kim v cu linh. + Nhng thng, tin lin quan n an ton hng hnh ca tu bin, my bay v cc bc in d bo kh tng ca cc t chc kh lng. + Cc bc in ca t chc lin hp Quc. + Cc bc in ca Chnh Ph. + Cc dch v thng tin cng cng.

4.2.6. Qui v cm pht thanh v pht hnh trn bin. 43

Cc tu khi hnh trnh trn bin, nghim cm cc dch v pht thanh, pht hnh trn bin

4.2.7. Gi v tr li cuc gi.


Gi v tr li cuc gi trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi phi tun theo cc qui nh ca T chc t vn v tuyn in quc t - CCIR ; cc cuc gi c th c thc hin trn nhng tn s quc t, hoc quc gia dc qui nh dng cc cuc gi v bt lin lc, hoc trn nhng tn s trc canh ca cc di b hoc cc di lm dch v lu ng hng hi. Nghim cm cc cuc gi bt lin tc v lp i lp li nhiu ln; tht cuc gi ti mt i khc m c pht tch nhiu ln s cng mt lc l khng dc php. Nhng th tc qui nh trong chng ny khng p dng cho cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton.

4.3. TH TC KHAI THC DSC


Phng thc thng tin bng k thut gi chn s DSC trong h thng thng tin GMDSS ngoi mc ch ginh cao cp cu khn cp v an ton, trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi ch dng gi v bt lin lc, vic trao i thng tin phi s dng bng phng thc thng tin khc.

4.3.1. Tn s dng trong cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC.


Tn s m cc i duyn hi s dng cho k thut gi chn s u c ch l trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Vic gi v tr li cuc gi bng k thut gi chn s DSC c quy nh thc hin trn nhng tn s DSC quc t, hoc quc gia ginh ring cho gi v bt u lin lc cho mc ch thng tin thng thng. Nhng tn s DSC quc t v quc gia dng cho cc cuc gi v bt lin lc trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi c trnh by trong bng 4.1. Cc i b cng nh cc i tu khi s dng cc thit b gi chn s trong cc dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi trn cc di tn s 415 khz, 526,5 khz, 160,5 khz, 4000 khz v di tn 40000 khz - 27500 khz u phi gim mc cng sut nh nht cn thit cho mc ch thng tin ca i . Tn s 455,5 khz l tn s DSC quc t c thit k cho tt c cc i duyn hi. gim can nhiu, tn s ny c quy nh cho cc i tu ca quc gia khc, hoc trong trng hp i duyn hi khng cn bit tn s trc canh ca i tu. Tn s 458,5 khz l tn s DSC quc t c thit k cho tt c cc i tu c bng tn DSC 415 khz - 526,5 khz. gim can nhiu, tn s ny ch c s dng gi cc i Duyn Hi khi cuc gi khng th thc hin c trn cc tn s quc gia c thit k cho cc i Duyn Hi . Tn s dng tr li cuc gi bng DSC thng thng l nhng tn s cp i vi tn s gi. Khi mt i tu gi i Duyn Hi bng k thut gi chn s DSC trong di tn 1602 khz - 4000 khz c th gi trn mt knh DSC quc gia khc bng k thut gi chn s DSC. Mt i tu gi mt i tu khc bng k thut gi chn s, s c thc nhin trn tn s DSC quc t 2177 khz v tn s ny cng c tr li cc cuc gi bng DSC gia tu vi tu. Mt i Duyn hi gi mt i tu bng k thut gi chn s DSC, c th gi trn knh tn s DSC quc t 2177 khz v tn s ny cng c dng tr li cc cuc gi bng DSC gia tu vi tu. Mt i Duyn Hi gi mt i tu bng k thut gi chn s DSC, c th gi trn knh tn s DSC m i b ang trc canh, hoc trn tn s DSC quc t 2177 khz c thit k cho tt c cc i duyn hi c thit b DSC. gim can nhiu, tn s ny c quy nh gi cc i tu ca mt quc gia khc,

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hoc s dng trong trng hp m i Duyn hi khng bit cc tn s DSC trong bng tn 1605 - 4000 khz m i tu dng trc canh. Khi gi mt i duyn hi bng k thut gi chn s DSC trong bng tn 4000 - 27500 khz, i tu c th gi trn knh tn s DSC quc gia m i b ang trc canh, hoc trn mt trong nhng tn s DSC quc t thch hp trong bng tn (xem bng tn s DSC 4-1). Nhng tn s ny c th c thit k cho tt c cc i tu. gim can nhiu, nhng tn s ny ch c s dng khi cc cuc gi khng th thc hin c trn cc tn s quc gia. Khi gi cc i tu bng k thut gi chn s trn cc tn s trong bng tn 4000 - 27500 khz, cc i duyn hi c th gi trn mt knh tn s quc gia m i duyen hi ang trc canh, hoc trn mt trong nhng tn s quc t trong bng tn . Nhng tn s ny c th c thit k cho tt c cc i Duyn hi c thit b DSC. gim can nhiu, nhng tn s ny c quy nh dng gi cc i tu ca mt quc gia khc, hoc trong trng hp cc i Duyn hi khng bit cc tn s DSC m di tu ang trc canh. Tn s 156.525 Mhz (knh 70 VHF - DSC) trong bng tn 156 - 174 mhz ngoi mc ch ginh cho cc cuc gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton bng DSC, cn c quy nh dng gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC cho cc mc ch thng tin thng thng gia di tu vi i duyn hi, hoc gia i tu vi i tu trong trng hp trn tn s khng c cc thng tin lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Cc tn s dng gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC c trnh by trong bng 4.1 sau y: File no. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 File name INTL - 04M INTL - 04M INTL - 2m INTL - 4m INTL - 6m INTL - 12m INTL - 16m INTL - 18m INTL - 22m INTL - 25m LOCAL1 - 4M LOCAL1 - 6M LOCAL1 - 8M LOCAL1 - 12M LOCAL1 - 16M LOCAL1 - 18M LOCAL1 - 22M LOCAL1 - 26M LOCAL2 - 4M LOCAL2 - 6M LOCAL2 - 8M LOCAL2 - 12M LOCAL2 - 16M LOCAL2 - 18M LOCAL2 - 22M LOCAL2 - 25M Tx (khz) 458.5 2189.5 4208.0 6312.5 8415.0 12577.5 16805.0 18898.5 22374.5 25208.5 4208.5 6313.0 8415.5 12578.0 16805.5 18899 22375 25209 4209 6313.5 8416 12578.5 16806.0 18899.5 22375.5 25209.5 Rx (khz) 455.5 2177 4219.5 6331 8436 12657 16903 19703.5 22444 26121 4220 6331.5 8437 12657.5 16903.5 19704 22444.5 26121.5 4220.5 6332.0 8437.5 12658 16904 19704 22445 26122 Remarkes

Bng 4.1. Bng tn s gi v tr li dng cho DSC.

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4.3.2. Trc canh bng DSC


Ttc c cc i tu c trang b cc thit b gi chn s DSC, u phi trc canh t ng trn nhng tn s DSC trng nhng bng tn thch hp m tu c trang b. Mt i Duyn hi lm nghip v thng tin cng cng quc t, dng cc thit b gi chn s DSC trong bng tn 1605 - 4000 khz, trong sut gi nghip v ca mnh phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng trn cc tn s gi quc gia v quc t thch hp. Gi nghip v ca mnh phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng trn cc tn s gi quc gia v quc t thch hp. Gi nghip v v cc tn s trc canh ca cc i tu duyn hi c ng k quc t v ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Cc di tu khi c trang b cc thit b gi chn s DSC lm vic trong cc bng tn 1605 4000 khz v tu ch hot ng trong vng ph sng ca thit b DSC trn cc i duyn hi ng vi bng tn s , phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng bng DSC trn mt hoc nhiu tn s thch hp trong bng tn 1605 - 4000 khz. Trong bng tn 156 - 174 mhz, nhng thng tin lin quan n vic trc canh t ng bng DSC trn tn s 156.525 mhz (knh 70 VHF) ca cc i duyn hi. Cc i tu c trang b cc thit b gi chn s DSC trong bng tn ny, trong khi hnh trnh trn bin phi duy tr vic trc canh t ng trn tn s 156.525 mhz (knh 70VHF).

4.3.3. Nhng quy nh chung p dng trong cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC.
Nhng quy nh trnh by trong phn ny c p dng cho cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi trong thng tin thng thng bng k thut gi chn s, khng p dng cho cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC cng phi thun th y cc quy nh v chng can nhiu, iu khin phin lin lc, th t u tin trong cuc gi, nh trnh by trong phn quy nh chung. Cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC cng phi tun th y cc quy nh v chng can nhiu, iu khin phin lin lc, th t u tin trong cuc gi, .... nh trnh by trong phn quy nh chung. Cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng k thut gi chn s DSC trn cc tn s t 415 khz n 526,5 khz , cc i duyn hi phi dng mc cng sut cn thit nh nht bao ph vng thng tin ca mnh; i vi cc i tu phi a hn ch mc cng sut khng qu 400w. Trong bng tn 4000 khz n27500 khz cng sut ca cc i tu khng vt qu 1,5kw.

4.3.4. Th tc gi v tr li cuc gi bng DSC.


Nhng th tc c trnh by sau y ch p dng cho cc cuc gi bng DSC, tr cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Trong cuc gi, hoc tr li cuc gi s phi bao gm nhng thng tin ch ra rng cuc gi hoc tr li cuc gi cho mt i hay nhiu i, s nhn dng ca i gi hay i tr li cuc gi; phng thc thng tin tip theo (i vi cuc gi) cng nh tn s hoc knh lm vic. Cc cuc gi t cc i Duyn Hi phi lun lun km theo cc thng tin ny, i vi cc cuc gi t cc di tu vi mt di duyn hi, thng tin v tn s hoc knh lm vic tip theo khng nht thit phi c trong cuc gi. son tho mt cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bao gm nhng thng tin nh sau: Nhng ni dung cn son tho - Format (nh dng cuc gi hoc tr li cuc gi) - Category (chn mc u tin) - Sefl - identifacation (s nhn dng ca i gi hoc i xc nhn cuc gi). Phnng php - Selected - Entered - Selected - mc nh trc

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- Telecommand inforrmation (phng thc thng tin tip theo) - Frequency information (phn s thng tin tip theo) - DSC frequency (phn s DSC) (ch i vi cuc gi)

- Selected - Entered - Entered

Sau khi son tho y nhng ni dung nh trn, cuc gi hoc tr li cuc gi s c sn sng: "Ready for calling" hoc "Ready for acknowledge". 4.3.4.1. Mt i duyn hi gi i tu Mt i duyn hi gi i tu s c hai loi gi nh sau: - Routine call; - Ship's business call. Nu cuc gi c ni mng trc tip gia thu bao v i duyn hi, th i duyn hi s yu cu thu bao v tr d on ca tu. Thng tin ny gip cho i duyn hi c th thit lp thng tin vi i tu c hiu qu hn. Nu ngi gi t my thu bao khng th cung cp c v tr ca tu th nhn vin khai thc ca i duyn hi s c gng xc nh v thit lp ng thng tin trong iu kin i duyen hi c th thc hin c, k c vic pht chuyn tip qua mt i duyn hi khc nu iu l thch hp. Mt cuc gi nh vy t i duyn hi ti i tu bng thit b DSC nh sau: - nh dng cuc gi. - a ch ca tu cn gi (9 s MMSI). - Chn mc u tin cho cuc gi. - Chn phng thc thng tin tip theo. - Chn tn s thng tin tip theo (tn s phi ph hp vi phng thc thng tin. - Chn tn s gi DSC. (S nhn dng ID ca i gi c mc nh trc tring thit b DSC v s t ng pht i km theo trong cuc gi). Sau i duyn hi s thc hin cuc gi. V d: Mt cuc gi DSC thng thng cho mt tu c ID 574357212 hn mt cuc thng tin thoi trn knh lm vic 820 nh sau: - Format : individual. - Address : 547357212. - Category : Routine - Teleccommand : J3E. - Frequency : ch 820. - DSC freq : Tx 84370. / Rx 8415.5 khz. Vic chn tn s cho mt cuc gi t cc i duyn hi ti cc i tu bng DSC, cc khai thc vin ca i duyen hi phi chn sao cho thch hp vi vic trc canh ca cc tu . Trc khi bt u cuc gi, khai thc vin ca i duyn hi phi lng nghe v kim tra chc chn rng trn tn s gi khng c bt k mt cuc gi no ang c tin hnh. Cc cuc gi s ch c pht mt ln trn duy nht mt tn s hoc knh gi c chn. Tr nhng trng hp c bit, mt cuc gi c th c pht ng thi trn nhiu tn s.

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Khi gi cc i tu, cc i duyn hi c th pht mt cuc gi hai ln trn cng mt tn s gi, thi gian ngh gia hai ln gi phi t nht l 45 giy, min rng trong khong thi gian khng c bt k mt xc nhn no. Khi gi trn cc tn s quc gia, cc di duyn hi c th pht 5 cuc gi trn cng mt tn s, nu i c gi khng xc nhn cuc gi, th cuc gi c th c pht li trn cng tn s gi (hoc trn mt tn s khc) sau mt chu k t nht l 5 pht (5 giy i vi h thng VIII, hoc UHF t ng). Thng thng n c nhc li sau khong thi gian 5 pht. Nu i duyn hi nhn c mt xc nh th s khng pht li cuc gi na, v cuc gi ch c nhc li sau t nht mt khong thi gian 15 pht. Khi mt i c gi l khng tr li cuc gi, th cuc gi s khng c nhc li sau mt khong thi gian t nht l 30 pht. Cuc gi nh vt cng s khng c nhc li qu 5 ln trong 24 gi. Tng s ln gi trn cc tn s gi m n chim trong mt cuc gi thng thng khng qu mt pht. 4.3.4.2. i tu gi l i duyn hi Khi gi mt i duyn hi, cc i tu tt nht l dng cc tn s hoc knh gi quc gia ca cc i duyn hi. Thc t trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi, phng php dng pht mt cuc gi bng DSC ti mt i duyn hi hoc mt tu khc nh sau: - iu chnh my pht v knh hoc tn s DSC. - nh dng cho cuc gi trn thit b cui DSC (format). - Trn bn phm (keyboard) hoc bng cc phm chc nng, a vo my nhng thng tin sau: - a ch: a 9 s nhn dng MMSI ca i cn gi. - Chn loi cuc gi (cateloggy): trong thng tin thng thng l "routine". - Phng thc thng tin tip theo. - ngh knh hoc tn s lm vic, nu cuc gi gia tu vi tu. - Tn s DSC cho cuc gi. Sau khi tin hnh son tho xong bc in cho cuc gi, i tu s tin hnh cuc gi. i tu phi chn tn s gi DSC thch hp v phi l cc tn s trc canh ca i b. V d: Cuc gi t i tu ti mt i duyn hi c ID 005741996 nh sau: - Format : individual. - Address : 005741996 - Category : Routine - Teleccommand : J3E. - Frequency : ch 820. - DSC freq : Tx 84370. / Rx 8415.5 khz. Cuc gi t i tu ti mt i tu khc: - Format : individual. - Address : 5474100453 - Category : Routine - Teleccommand : J3E. - Frequency : ch 820. - DSC freq : Tx 84370. / Rx 8415.5 khz.

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Cn ch rng trong cuc gi gia tu vi i tu duyn hi, i tu s khng a ra knh hoc tn s lm vic, m i duyn hi s ch nh tn s hoc knh lm vic trong xc nhn bng DSC ca i duyn hi. Trc khi pht cuc gi trn tn s gi DSC, s quan khai thc tu phi lng nghe v kim tra chc chn rng khng c bt k mt cuc gi no ang c thc hin trn tn s ny. Nu mt u c gi m khng tr li cuc gi, th i tu gi s khng pht li cuc gi sau mt khong thi gian t nht l 5 pht i vi phng thc "bt tay" bng cng nhn; hoc 5 giy hoc 25 giy i vi cc trng hp t ng hoc bn t ng. 4.4. PHNG THC THNG TIN BNG V TUYN IN THOI

4.4.1. Gi v tr li cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi


Trong dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi i vi h thng tin mt t, vic gi v bt lin lc c th c thc hin thng qua thit v gi chn s DSC, hoc thit b trc tip bng phng thc thng tin thoi. Trong phn ny s trnh by phng php gi v tr li cuc gi trc tip bng phng thc thng tin v tuyn in thoi.

4.4.2. Tn s s dng cho cuc gi v tr li cuc gi


Phng thc thng tin v tuyn in thoi trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi c quy nh dng ch thoi n bin SSB tt c cc bng tn: 1605 - 4000 khz v 4000 - 27500 khz. Cng sut ca tn hiu trong cc cuc gi s phi hn ch mc cng sut cn thit gii nht sao cho khng gy can nhiu ti cc dch v thng tin di ng hng hi ca cc bi khc trong khu vc ln cn. Nhng tn s hoc nhng cp tn s (trng hp duplex trong dch v thng tin v tuyn in thoi ca cc i duyn hi, c ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi). Bng tn s 1605 khz - 4000 khz: Tn s 2182 khz v tn s v tuyn in thoi quc t, c quy nh gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Trong trng hp khng c cc thng tin lin lc n cp cu, khn cp v an ton, tn s ny cn c dng gi v tr li cuc gi cho cc mc ch thng tin thng bng v tuyn in thoi. Tn s ny cng c cc i duyn hi dng loan bo pht im danh cc tu "trappic list" sau thc hin vic im danh cc tu trn mt tn s khc. Tt c nhng cuc pht x trn tn s 2182 khz ngoi mc ch cp cu cn phi nng nghe chc chn rng khng c mt thng tin cp cu no ang c tin hnh trn tn s . Khi cc i duyn hi s dng tn s 2182 khz cho mc ch gi v bt lin lc, th cc i duyn hi phi c thit k t nht mt tn s khc vi tn s 2182 khz nm trong bng tn 1605 - 2850 khz v c kh nng lm vic ch J3E. Cc tn s ny phi c ng k trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Khi cc di tn gi cc i duyn hi, hoc di tn gi mt i tu khc bng v tuyn in thoi trn bng tn 1605 - 4000 khz c th c gi trn tn s 2180 khz. Ngoi ra mt i tu gi mt i duyn hi c th c thc hin trn mt ln s lm vic m i duyn hi ang trc thanh. V mt i tu gi mt i tu khc cng c th c gi trn mt tn s "Intership" ginh cho thng tin gia tu vi tu. Mt quy nh chung, khi cc i duyn hi gi mt i tu ca mt quc gia khc bng v tuyn in thoi trn bng tn 1605 - 4000 khz s c gi trn tn s 2182 khz. Cc i duyn hi cng c th gi cc i tu thng qua mt cuc bng DSC. Bng tn 4000 khz - 27500 khz: Cc tn s n vin "simplex": 4125 khz, 6215khz, 8591 khz, 12590 khz, 16400 khz, 18759 khz, 22060 khz, 25097 khz dng cho cc i duyn hi v cc i tu gi v bt

49

lin lc bng v tuyn in thoi bng cc tn s: 4125 khz, 6215khz, 8291 khz, 12290 khz v 16.420khz c quy nh dng cho cc cuc gi cp cu v nhng thng tin lin lc n cp cu, nhng trong trng hp trn nhng tn s ny khng c cc cuc gi v nhng thng tin lin lc n cp cu nhng trong trng hp trn nhng tn s ny. Nhng tn s ny khng c cc cuc gi v nhng thng tin lin lc n cp cu, khn cp v an tonn th c php dng nhng tn s gi v bt lin lc bng v tuyn in thoi cho mc ch thng tin thng thng. Trc khi pht trn nhng tn s cp cu thoi ny cc i phi nng nghe chc chn rng khng c bt k mt thng tin lin lc n cp cu, khn cp v an ton no ang c tin hnh trn cc tn s . i vi cc i duyn hi c th s dng cc tn s sau y cho cc cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi: 4417khz, 6516khz, 8779khz, 13137khz, 17302 khz, 19770khz, 22756khz, 26172khz. Gi nghip v tn s lm vic cng nh cc tn s trc canh ca cc i duyn hi. Nhng tn s ny c ng k trong cc danh b cc i duyn hi bng tn s 156mhz - 17mhz. y l bng tn VHF dng cho v tuyn in thoi c chia thnh cc knh Simplex lm vic ch G3E. Trong tn s 156.8mhz knh 16 Simplex c quy nh l tn s quc t dnh cho cc cuc gi v nhng thng tin lin lc n cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Trong trng hp trn tn s 156.8 mhz khng c cc cuc gi cp cu, khn cp v an ton hoc nhng thng tin lin lc n cp cu, khn cp v an ton th tn s ny c th c dng cho cc i b v cc i tu gi v bt lin lc, tn s ny cn c dng cho cc i duyn hi loan bo vic pht im danh v nhng thng tin hng hi quan trng (vic pht im danh v pht nhng thng tin hng hi s c thc hin trn mt tn s khc) nhng cc cuc gi nh vy phi c hn ch v khng c ko di qu 1 pht. Trc khi pht trn tn s ny phi nng nghe chc chn rng khng c bt k mt thng tin no lin quan n cp cu, khn cp v an ton ang c thc hin trn tn s . Khi tn s 156,8 mhz ang c s dng cho cc thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton, th cuc gi c th thc hin trn cc knh lm nghip v cng c tn s 156,6 mhz (knh 12). bo v cho kknh 16 (tn s 156,8 mhz) nghim cm tt c cc i pht x trong on tn s t 156.7625 - 156.8375 mhz. Do knh 75 v knh 76 trong bng tn VHF khng c php s dng. Cc i duyn hi cng nh cc i tu trong nghip v thng tin thng thng c th dng mt knh tn s lm vic gi v bt lin lc. Nhng knh trc canh, knh lm vic hoc nhng knh c quy nh dng cho cc cuc gi v bt lin lc ca cc i duyn hi u c ng k quc t v c ghi r trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Trong danh b cc io duyn hi cng ch r tn s lm vic bnh thng (c th l tn s trc canh) ca i duyn hi bng cch nhng tn s c in m. Knh tn s trong bng tn VHF (t 156 - 174 mhz) c trnh by trong bng 4.2.

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Knh quc t (International channels): Tx (mhz) 156.050 156.100 156.150 156.200 156.250 156.300 156.350 156.400 156.450 156.450 156.500 156.550 156.600 156.650 156.700 156.750 156.800 156.850 156.900 156.950 157.000 157.050 157.100 157.200 157.250 157.300 157.350 157.400 Rx (mhz) 160.650 160.700 160.750 160.800 160.850 160.900 160.950 156.400 156.450 156.450 156.500 156.550 156.600 156.650 156.700 156.750 156.800 156.850 161.500 161.550 161.600 161.650 161.700 161.750 161.800 161.850 161.900 161.950 Tx (mhz) 156.025 156.075 156.125 156.175 156.225 156.275 156.325 156.375 156.425 156.475 156.525 156.575 156.625 156.675 156.725 156.875 156.925 156.975 157.025 157.075 157.125 157.175 157.225 157.275 157.325 157.425 Rx (mhz) 160.625 160.675 160.725 160.775 160.825 160.875 160.925 156.375 156.425 156.475 156.525 156.575 156.625 156.675 156.725 156.875 161.525 161.575 161.625 161.675 161.725 161.775 161.825 161.875 161.925 1161.975 162.025

CH 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

CH 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Bng 4.2: a/ Knh VHF quc t

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Knh M (USA channels): Tx (mhz) 156.050 156.100 156.150 156.200 156.250 156.300 156.350 156.400 156.450 156.450 156.500 156.550 156.600 156.650 156.750 156.800 156.850 156.900 156.950 157.000 157.050 157.100 157.200 157.250 157.300 157.350 157.400 Rx (mhz) 160.650 160.700 160.750 160.800 160.850 160.900 160.950 156.400 156.450 156.450 156.500 156.550 156.600 156.650 156.700 156.750 156.800 156.850 161.500 161.550 161.600 161.650 161.700 161.750 161.800 161.850 161.900 161.950 Tx (mhz) 156.025 156.075 156.125 156.175 156.225 156.275 156.325 156.375 156.425 156.475 156.525 156.575 156.625 156.675 156.725 156.875 156.925 156.975 157.025 157.075 157.125 157.175 157.225 157.275 157.325 157.425 Rx (mhz) 160.625 160.675 160.725 160.775 160.825 160.875 160.925 156.375 156.425 156.475 156.525 156.575 156.625 156.675 156.725 156.875 161.525 161.575 161.625 161.675 161.725 161.775 161.825 161.875 161.925 1161.975 162.025

CH 01A 02A 03A 04A 05A 06 07A 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18A 19A 20 21A 22A 23A 24 25 26 27 28

CH 60 61 62 63A 64 65A 66A 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7 79A 80A 81A 82A 83A 84 85 86 87

Bng 4.2: b/ Knh VHF ca M

52

4.4.3. Trc canh trong thng tin v tuyn in thoi


Cc i duyn hi lm nghip v thng tin cng cng quc t trong gi nghip v ca mnh phi duy tr vic trc canh, gi nghip v v tn s trc canh ca cc di duyn hi c ghi r trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Khi trong vng dch v v tuyn din thoi ca mt di duyn hi trc canh trn tn s 156.8 mhz (knh 16 VHF), bng tn nn duy tr vic trc canh trn ln s ny. Nu cc i tu ch trang b thit b thoi VHF trong bng tn 156 - 174 mhz, trong khi hnh trnh trn bin, phi duy tr vic trc canh lch tn s 156.8 mhz (knh 16). Cc i tu khi thc lut thng tin vi mt i cng, nu c s chp thun ca c quan chnh quyn c lin quan s ch duy tr vic trc canh trn tn s ginh cho nghip v khai thc cng, min rng vic trc canh trn knh 16 VHF c thc hin bi i cng . Cc di tu khi thc hin thng liu vi mt i b trong dch v iu ng tu v c s chp thun ca chnh quyn c lin quan, c th ch phi duy tr lin tc vic trc canh trn tn s ginh cho dch v iu ng tu, c in m trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Nu u b c dch v iu ng tu nm trong vng m , tn s 156,8 mhz (knh 12) hoc mt tn s ginh cho hot ng khai thc cng, c in m trong danh b cc di duyn hi. Cc i lm nghip v lu ng hng hi khi nghe c mt cuc pht c lin quan n an ton hng hnh, s phi lng nghe bc in cho n khi chc chn rng nhng thng tin khng lin quan n mnh. Cc i khng c c bt k mt pht x no c th gy can nhiu ti cuc thng tin .

4.4.4. Nhng qui nh p dng trong cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi.
Nhng qui nh c trnh by di dy ch p dng cho cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi bng v tuyn in thoi, tr cc trng hp cp cu khn cp v an ton. gim can nhiu v gi b mt trong thng tin lu ng hng hi, cc cuc tng lin v tuyn in thoi gia tu vi b bng cc thit b v tuyn in thoi thch hp c trang b trn tu, nu c th c, nn s dng ch duplex. Vic s dng cc thit b pht x v tuyn in thoi gi lin lc hoc ln i lp li nhiu ln hoc qu trnh nhn dng trong dch v thng tin v tuyn in thoi thng thng l khng c php. Mt i khng c php pht thng tin v nhn dng ng thi tch hai hoc nhiu tu s khi vic thng tin ch cn vi mt i. Mt i s khng c pht bt k mt sng mang no gia cc cuc gi c th gy can nhiu hoc lm gin on cc cuc gi . Tuy nhin, cc i c h thng v tuyn in thoi t ng c th c pht cc tn hiu vi iu kin cng sut pht phi c gii hn mc cn thit nh nht, vic pht khng gy can nhiu ti cc dch v thng tin di ng hng hi quc gia hoc khu vc s ti. Cc i duyn hi c trang b cc thit b v tuyn in thoi c th pht v thu cc bc in bng v tuyn in thoi, cc nghip v nh vy trong nghip v thng tin cng cng ca cc i duyn hi c ng k trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Thng tin v tuyn in thoi, khi ngn ng gp kh khn trong qu trnh thng tin, trong trng hp cn thit phi s dng bng nh vn cc ch ci v ch s quc l ginh cho thng tin hng hi.

4.4.5. Th tc gi v tr li cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi 53

Trc khi bt u mt cuc gi, i gi s phi lng nghe v kim tra chc rng vic pht s khng lm gin on cc cuc pht khc ang c tin hnh. Nu vic gy nhiu l c th th i phi i n khong thi gian gin on thch hp trong cuc gi mi c quyn pht xen vo. Nu vic lng nghe v kim tra nh vy c thc hin, nhng vic pht ca i mnh vn gy can nhiu li mt cuc pht khc ang c tin hnh th: - i vi i tu m vic pht ca n l nguyn nhn gy can nhiu ti mt cuc thng tin ca mt i di ng vi mt i duyn hi, th i s phi ngng vic pht ngay lp tc yu cu u tin ca i duyn hi. - i vi i tu m vic pht ca n l nguyn nhn gy can nhiu ti mt cuc thng tin ang c tin hnh gia cc i di ng, th i s phi ngng vic pht ngay lp tc yu cn u tin ca mt trong nhng i di ng ang b gy nhiu. Nhng i a ra yu cu vic ngng pht ny cng s phi a r khong thi gian phi i m vic pht ca n cn thc hin. 4.4.5.1. Cc cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi. Mt i tu ch c th gi mt i duyn hi khi n nm trong vng hot ng ca i duyn hi bng vic s dng mt tn s thch hp, v i duyn hi cng phi nm trong vng hot ng ca i tu. Tuy nhin, mt i duyn hi c "traffic" cho mt i tu, c th gi i tu nu c l do chc chn rng i tu ang trc canh v nm trong vng dch v ca mt i duyn hi . Mi mt i duyn hi s phi pht cc cuc gi ca n di dng "traffic list", bao gm tn tu hoc h hiu hoc s nhn dng theo mt th t nht nh nh A, B, C, ... hoc 1, 2, 3, ... ca tt c cc i tu m n c traffic. Cc cuc gi ny s c ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi v tn s gi, thi gian gi. Cc cuc gi khong thi gian khng t hn 2 gi v khng nhiu hn 4 gi trong gi nghip v ca cc i duyn hi, phi c t nht mt ln gi "tranffic list". Cc i duyn hi s pht "tranffic list" ca mnh trn cc tn s lm vic bnh thng trong cc bng tn thch hp ca i duyen hi . Vic pht "traffic list" s c thc hin trc v thi gian (v c u tin) bng mt cuc gi chung cho tt c cc tu. Cc i duyn hi s pht "traffic list" ca mnh trn cc tn s lm vic bnh thng trong cc bng tn thch hp ca i duyn hi . Vic pht "tranffic lt" s c thc hin trc v thi gian (v c u tin) bng mt cuc gi chung cho tt c cc tu. Cuc gi chung cho tt c cc tu loan bo "traffic list" C th c pht trn mt hoc nhiu tn s gi (s c ng k trong danh b cc i duyn hi). Th tc mt cuc gi loan bo mt "traffic list" nh sau: - "Hello all stations hoc CQ (Cllarlie Quebec) khng qu 3 ln. -This is hoc DE (delta echo) mt ln. "Radio" (tn i duyn hi pht trafric list) khng qu 3 ln. "Listen my trarric list on .... khz (on .... channel)". i duyn hi s a ra (hoc c trong danh b cc i duyn hi (list of radio coast station) tn s m i duyn hi s pllt "traffic list"' Th tc trn y l bt buc khi cuc gi c thc hin trn tn s 2182 khz v tn s 156,8 mhz. (knh 16 VHF). V d: Di sng VHF: Trn knh 16 VHF, i duyn hi tin hnh gi traffic list nh sau:

54

- Hello all ships; 3 ln; This is; 1 ln; - Tokyo radio 3 ln "Listen my trarric list on 25 channel" Di sng HF: Hello all ships; khng qu 3 ln; This is; 1 ln. - Hongkong Rado Khng qu 3 ln "Listen my traffic list on ...... khz" Tuy nhin trong trung hp cuc gi c thc hin trn bng tn VHF t 156 - 174 mhz (tr tn s 156,8 mhz - knh 16) v iu kin thit lp mt cuc gi l tt th cc th tc gi trn dy ch cn thc hin lth sau: "Hello all ships" hoc CQ mt ln. "This is" hoc DE mt ln. " radio" (tn i duyn hi pht trafflist) hai ln. "Listen ror my traffic list On cllannel...". V d: Mt cuc gi "Traffic list" trn knh 16 VHF nh sau: - HELLO ALL SHIPS, HELLO ALL SHIPS, HELLO ALL SHIPS, - THIS IS - SINGAPORE RADIO. SINGAPORE RADIO.SINGAPORE RADIO. Listen lny Traffic list on 25 channel. Trong trng hp mt cuc gi traffic list nh trn m c tr li th cuc gi c th c nhc li. Thng thng gi, tn s pht v ch pht cc cuc gi "traffic list" ca cc i duyn hi u c ng k v ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Cc i tu khi hnh trnh trn bin phi thng xuyn canh nghe cc cuc gi traffic list ca cc i duyn hi c lin quan v thng lin v tuyn in, hoc cc i duyn hi nm trong vng hot ng ca tu. Cc tu khi nghe c tn tu, h hiu hoc s nhn dng ca tu mnh trong mt cuc gi traffic list nh vy phi tr li cng sm cng tt. Khi mt cuc gi "Traffic list" khng th pht c ngay lp tc, th di duyn hi s thng bo ti mi mt tu c lin quan khi c c hi. Khi i duyn hi nhn c nhiu cuc gi t cc i tu cng mt lc. i duyn hi s quyt nh th t u tin cho cc i tu. Vic quyt nh ny da trn th t u lin ca cc bc in hoc th l u tin ca cc cuc gi v da trn mc tn hiu ca cc bc in hoc th t u tin ca cc cuc gi v da trn mc tn hiu r nht m i duyn hi thu c t cc i tu. Khi mt i gi nhng khng c tr li, cuc gi s c pht li 3 ln trong khong 2 pht, sau cuc gi s dng, v cuc gi c th c pht li sau khong thi gian 3 pht. Trong trng hp thng tin gia mt i di ng hng hi v mt i my bay, th cuc gi c th c lp li sau mt khong thi gian 5 pht. Nu chc chn tng cuc gi khng gy can nhiu ti cc cuc thng tin khc ang c thi hnh, th cuc gi s c pht 3 ln trong khong thi gian 2 pht v c th c nhc li sau mt khong thi gian khng t hn 3 pht.

55

Mt i tu bng thit b VHF gi mt i duyn hi nm trong vng hot ng trong lc thit b thng tin VHF ca di duyn hi , th i tu gi c th nhc li cuc gi cng sm cng tt, khi n chc chn rng mt thng tin c kt thc i duyn hi. Trc khi gi, i gi s phi chc chn rng cuc gi s khng gy can nhiu t thng tin khc ang c tin hnh v i c gi ang khng c mt thng tin no v mt i khc. Cc i tu khng c php pht x bt k mt sng mng no c th gy thiu gia cc cuc gi. - i duyn hi, hoc mt i di ng khc c th bng ngha ca ch vit tt "IR" (Tango Romeo) yu cu i ln cung cp ca di duyn hi hoc di di ng do nhng thng lin sau: V tr: - Hng dn ang hnh trnh, v - Cng ti. Nhng thng tin phi c cung cp bi cc i tu bt k khi no, nhng thng tin ny ch c gi tr php l khi thuyn trng hoc ngi c trch nhim trn tu cung cp. 4.4.5.2. Th tc mt cuc gi Mt cuc gi bng v tuyn in thoi nhng thng tin sau y bt buc phi c trong cuc gi: - H hiu hoc s nhn dng khc ca i c gi, khng qu 3 ln. - This is hoc DE. mt ln H hiu hoc s nhn dng khc ca i gi khng qu 3 ln. Trong trng hp gi trn bng tn VHF l 156,8-174 mhz khi iu kin thng tin tt, th tc gi nh sau: - H hiu ca i c gi mt ln. - This is hoc DE mt ln. - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i gi hai ln. V d: i tu gi mt i duyn hi: HAIPHONG RADIO HAIPHONG RADIO HAIPHONG RADIO THIS IS, - M/V HONGBANG M/V HONGBANG M/V HONGBANG (hoc h hiu ca i lu 3 ln) Khi gi mt i VHF duyn hi khai thc trn nhiu knh, tut di tu s gi i duyn hi c trn knh lm vic, m s ca knh c ch ra trong cuc gi ca di duyn hi. Khi di duyn hi dt trang b gi chn s, v i ln cng c trang b cc thit b thu cc cuc gi nh vy, m cc i duyn hi s gi cc i tu bng vic pht cc tn hiu m ho thch hp. Cc di tu s gi cc i duyn hi theo cc th tc ging nh trnh by trn. 4.4.5.3. Th tc tr li cuc gi. - Th tc tr li cuc gi bao gm nhng thng tin sau; - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i gi khng qu 3 ln. - This is hoc DE (nu ngn ng gp kh khn) mt ln. H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i gi khng qu 3 ln. 4.4.504. Tho thun tn s lm vic trong cuc gi

56

Nu cc cuc gi v bt lin lc c thc hin trn cc tn s ginh cho cp cu khn cp v an ton hoc cc tn s (hoc cp tn s knh Duplex), th cc i gi quyn iu khin phin lin lc phi ch ng a ra tn s lm vic dng trao i thng tin tip theo. Khi cuc gi gia i b lm nghip v khai thc cng vi mt i lu trn ln s 156,8 mh7. (knh 16 VHF th trong cuc gi i tu phi ch ra loi dch v m i tu c yu cu (nh cc yu cu v thng bo hng hi, ch dn docking...) Trn c s i b s ch nh knh tn s lm vic thch hp cho vic trao i thng tin . Cc cuc gi gia mt i tu vi mt i tu khc trn tn s 156,8 mhz, i tu gi phi ch ng ch ra tn s (knh) lm vic thch hp trao i thng tin gia tu vi lu (intership). Nu i c gi chp nhn tn s lm vic (hoc knh lm vic) m i gi ngh, th i dc gi s pht: Mt tn hiu ch rng t thi im tr i i c gi s nghe i gi trn tn s (hoc knh) lm vic m i gi ngh. - Mt tn hiu ch rng i c gi sn sng nhn cc thng tin t i gi. Nu i c gi khng khng chp nhn tn s (knh) lm vic m i gi ngh i c gi phi a ra ngh v tn s (knh) lm vic khc khi tr li cuc gi. i vi cc cuc thng tin gia mt i duyn hi v mt i tu, di duyn hi s quyt nh tn s (knh) lm vic. Nhng tn s (knh) lm vic m i tu a ra trong cuc gi ch c ngha l mt ngh. 4.4.5.5. Bo lng thng tin Khi thng tin c thit lp trong cuc gi, i gi s phi bo lng thng tin cn chuyn s bc in hoc s cuc gi v tuyn in thoi) cho i c gi bit. 4.4.5.6. Nhng kh khn trong cuc gi v tr li cuc gi Nu i c gi khng c kh nng chp nhn cuc thng tin ngay lp tc, th i c gi s tr li i gi theo th tc quy nh v tr li mt cuc gi v km theo t "Wait .... minutes" (hoc AS, c l Alffa Sierra ... minutes trong trng hp ngn ng gp kh khn), ch ra khong thi gian phi ch i. Nu khong thi gian ch i qu 10 pht i c gi phi a ra l do ca s chm tr . V d: Trn knh 16/VHF i Hongkong radio tr li tu nh sau: - Mundogas atlantic khng qu 3 ln. - This is - Hongkong radio khng qu 3 ln. "Please waite 5 minutes Over. Khi mt i nhn c mt cuc gi, nhng khng chc chn rng cuc gi ginh cho mnh th i s khng tr li cuc gi cho n khi cuc gi c nhc li v chc chn rng cuc gi ginh cho mnh. Khi mt i nhn c mt cuc gi chc chnm ginh cho mnh nhng khng r h hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i gi, th phi tr li cuc gi ngay lp tc v yu. V d: - Station calling muidogas atlantic

57

Please repeat your calling Over.

4.4.6. Th tc mt cuc thng tin bng v tuyn in thoi


Tt c cc i lm nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi s phi pht cc cuc trao i thng tin (cc cuc gi v tuyn in thoi hoc cc bc in) trn mt trong nhng tn s hoc cp tn s (hoc knh) lm vic trong bng tn dng cho cuc gi v bt lin lc. Nhng tn s hoc cp tn s (hoc knh) lm vic ny c ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi. Nghim cm vic dng cc tn s c quy nh cho cuc gi v bt lin lc trao i thng tin, tr cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Sau khi thng tin c thit lp trn tn s hoc cp tn s (hoc knh) lm vic, pht mt bc in hoc mt cuc gi v tuyn in thoi s phi tin hnh nh sau: - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i c gi - This is (hoc DE trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn). - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i gi. H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i c gi v i c pht mt ln. 4.4.6.1. Thit lp cc cuc gi "Radiotelphone calls" Khi di tu yu cu mt cuc gi "Radiotelephone call", di duyn hi s nhanh chng ni mng thit lp dng thng tin vi mng in thoi trn trt lin trong khong thi gian i tu phi duy tr vic trc cui trn ln s lm vic thch hp m i duyn hi ch nh. Nu vic ni mng khng th thc lut c ngay, th i duyn hi s thng bo cho i tu vic chm tr hoc thi gian phi ch i, sau i tu s phi: Duy tr vic trc canh trn tn s (hoc knh) lm vic thch hp cho n khi ng thng tin dc thit lp. Gi li i duyn hi liu dng thng tin khng dc thit lp sau khong thi gian hn trc. Khi mt cuc gi "Radiotelcphone call" hon thnh, nu khng c mt cuc gi no khc gia hai i, cc i s lm th tc kt thc cng vic lng tr nt (hoc VA c l Victor Alfa - trong trng hp ngn ng gp kh khn). 4.4.6.2. Pht mt bc in bng v tuyn in thoi. pht mt bc in bng v tuyn in thoi, bc din s phi c ghi y nhng ni dung nh sau: - Bt u bc din: from ... en ca di tu); - Number ... (s ca bc in). - Nunlber of wprd ... (s t); - Date ... (ngy bc in c ng k ti i); - Time ... (thi gian m bc trch c ng k li; i theo gi UTC). - Service indicllors ... (loi dch v nu c): - Address ... (a ch ca bc in); - Text ... (ni dung bc in): - Signature ... (ch k ca ngi gi in). - Radiotelegram etlds, over (kt thc bc in). Nh mt qui tc chung, cc bc in t cc i tu s c nh s hng ngy theo th t t hc din u tin trong mi ngy i vi mi mt i ting bit.

58

V d: Tu Flying Dragon trn ng hnh trnh t Hi phng i Singpore, vo lc 0800 UTC ngy 10/02/1999, Thuyn trng gi 2 bc in: 1 gi cho ch tu ti 1 phng qua i Haiphong Ratlio 1 gi ca i l ti Sillgapore qua di Singapore. Radio; cc bc in s lc nh s nh sau: FM: Flying DRAGON/3WFL NR01 100800 UTC CK 20/18. TO: EASTERN DRAGON Co. (Text.................) MASTER. FM: FLYING DRAGON/3WFL. NR01 100800 UTC CK 20/18. TO: EASTERN DRAGON Co. (Text.................) MASTER. n 1400 UTC cng ngy, thuyn trngn gi tip 2 bc in cho i l ti Singapore qua i duyn hi Singapore Radio, v mt bc in cho ch u t qua Haiphong Radio, cc bc in ny s c nh s tip nh sau: FM: Flying DRAGON/3WFL NR01 100800 UTC CK 20/18. TO: EASTERN DRAGON Co. (Text.................) MASTER. FM: FLYING DRAGON/3WFL. NR01 100800 UTC CK 20/18. TO: EASTERN DRAGON Co. (Text.................) MASTER. Mi mt bc in ch c pht mt ln, tuy nhin khi cn thit n c th c nhc li ton b hoc mt phn ca bc in . - Trong bc in, nu mun pht mt nhm ch s c vit bng s, trc mi nhm ch s phi pht t "in figures", sau s c ring r tng ch s mt trong nhm ch s . Nu mun pht mt nhm ch s c vit bng ch, trc nhm ch s pht t "In letters", sau s c cc ch s ging nh n c vit trong bc in.

4.4.7. Xc nhn mt cuc thng tin bng v tuyn in thoi


i vi cc cuc gi v tuyn in thoi "Radiotelepphone calls" khng cn phi xc nhn t cc i tu hoc i duyn hi. Khi pht mt bc in "radiotellegram" bng v tuyn in thoi, khi nhn xong bc in, i nhn phi pht xc nhn vic nhn bc in . Th tc nh sau: - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i pht; - This is (hoc DE trong trng hp ngn ng kh khn). - H hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i nhn bc in;

59

- "Your No ... recciyed, over" (vi trng hp c nhiu bc in). V d: i Haiphong Radio khi nhn xong bc in s 2 t tu Flying Dragon / 3WFL s lm th tc xc nhn bc in nh sau: - M/V Flying Dragon/ 3WFL - This is Haiphong radio/ XVG - Your No 2 received, over. Khi kt thc cng vic gia hai i, mi mt i s pht t "Out" hoc "VA" (c l Victor Alfa).

4.4.8. Cch c cc ch ci v ch s theo quy nh quc t s dng trong thng tin lu ng hng hi
Trong nhng trng hp cn thit phi c h hiu, s nhn dng, tn tu hoc ngn ng gp kh khn, trong thng tin v tuyn in thoi, quc t quy nh cch c v pht m cc ch ci v ch s nh sau: Bng pht m cc ch ci trong ting Anh Tn ch ci A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z c c nh Alfa Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Judia Juliett Kilo Lima November Oscar papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Unifomi Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu Cch pht m AL FAH BRAH VOH OR SHAR LEE DELL TAH ECK OH FOKS TROT GOLF HOH TELL IN DEE AH JEW LEE ETT KEY LOH LEE MAH MIKE NO VEM BER OSS CAH KEH BECK ROW ME OH SEE AIR RAH TANG GO YOU NEE FORM OR OO NEE FORM VIK TAH WISS KEY ECKS RAY YANG KEY ZOO LOO

Bng pht m cc ch s trong ting Anh: Tn ch s 0 1 c c nh Nadazero Unaone Cch pht m NAH-DAH-ZAY-ROH OO-NAH-WUN

60

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Decimal point Full stop

Bissotwo Terrathree Kartefour Pantafive Soxisix Setteseven Oktoeight Novenine Decmal Stop

BEES-SOH-TOO TAY-RAH-TREE KAR-TAY-FP\OWER PAN-TAH-FIVE SOK-SEE-SIX SAY-TAY-SEVEN OK-TOH-AIT NO-VAY-NINER DAY-SEE-MAL STOP

4.5. PHNG THC THNG TIN BNG NBDP 4.5.1. Tn s dng cho cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng NBDP
Tt c cc i tu dng cc thit b NBDP s phi c kh nng thu v pht trn cc tn s ginh cho thng tin cp cu trn cc bng tn s m i tu ang khai thc bng thit b NBDP. Tt c cc i tu nu c trang b thit b NBDP c th lm vic trn cc bng tn s 415-535 khz, 1605 - 4000 khz hoc 4000 - 27500 khz s phi c kh nng thu v pht ch F1B hoc J2B trn cc tn s ginh cho thng tin cp cu, an ton v cc tn s lm vic thng thng trong cc bng tn s k trn. Nghim cm cc thit b NBDP pht trn cc di tn s 490 - 510 khz v 2170 - 2194 khz, tr cc trng hp cp cu v an ton. Cc tn s NBDP ca cc i duyn hi u c ng k quc t ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi.

4.5.2. Nhng quy nh chung p dng cho cuc gi v tr li cuc gi.


Tt c cc i dng phng thc thng tin NBDP gi v tr li cuc gi phi tun th nhng quyu nh v nhng vic s dng tn s cho cuc gi v tr li cuc gi. Nhng quy nh ny khng p dng cho thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton. Trc khi pht, i duyn hi phi ch lng nghe chc chn rng vic pht s khng gy can nhiu ti cc thng tin khc ang c tin hnh trn tn s (hoc knh tn s) . Nu vic pht ny c th gy can nhiu ti cc cuc thng tin khc ng tin hnh th phi ch n khong thi gian gin on thch hp mi a pht xen vo. iu ny khng p dng i vi cc i khai thc theo phng thc t ng. i vi cuc thng tin gia hai i c th dng ch pht ARQ. Vi cc cuc pht t mt i duyn hi hoc l mt i tu ti nhiu i khc c th dng ch pht FEC. Cc dch v ca cc i m nghip v thng tin cng cng c ch r trong danh b cc i duyn hi v danh b cc i tu.

4.5.3. Cc cuc gi v tr li cuc gi bng NBDP.


Khi dng phng thc thng tin Radio telex trn bt k mt bng tn s no c n nh cho dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi, vic gi v bt lin lc c th c thc hin trn mt tn s lm vic thch hp ca cc bng tn s . 4.5.3.1. Cuc gi t tu ti i duyn hi.

61

Khai thc vin ca i tu c th thit lu thng tin vi mt i duyn hi trc tip bng phng thc radiotelex trn thit b NIDP hoc bng cc phng thc thng tin khc nh more, thoi, DSC... vi cc th tc gi v tr li cuc gi thng thng ph hp vi cc phng thc thng tin ; sau s ngh chuyn v thit b trn cc tn s lm vic thch hp ginh cho phng thc thng tin radiotelex thc hin trao i thng tin. Khi phng thc thng tin radiotelex trn thit b t c thit lp, i tu s phi cung cp cho i duyn hi s gi chn hoc s nhn dng ca i tu ca mnh trc khi bt u cuc thng tin. Khai thc vin ca i duyn hi sau s thit lp phng thc thng tin NBDP vi i tu trn tn s to i duyn hi d chp nhn. Trong trng hp gi v bt lin lc trc tip bng thit b NBDP; khai thc vin ca i tu s dng thit b NBOP gi s nhn dng ca i duyn hi tch tn s trc canh ca di duyn hi . Sau i duyn hi s thit lp thng tin trn tn s pht tng ng ca i duyn hi . V d: Mt i tu mun gi i b Singapore radio bng thit b NBDP trn gii gii 8 mhz nh sau: - t tn s thu pht ca i tu tng ng vi cp tn s trc canh TLX ca i. Singapore radio trn gii 8 Mhz: Tx/Rx = 842t).518380.5 kllz, t kiu lm vic ca di tu: mode: ARQ. t s gi chn ca i Singapot'e cn gi: ID: 4620 - Sau tin hnh cuc gi. 4.5.3.2. Cuc gi t i duyn hi ti i tu Cc phng php gi v bt lin lc cho mt cuc thng tin bng NBDP gia i duyn hi vi i tu cng tng l nh gia i tu vi i duyn hi cng tng t trnh by trn. i duyn hi s gi mt i lu trn mt tn s pht c n nh trc ca i duyn hi , bng thit b NBDP v s gi chn hoc s nhn dng ca i tu. Thit b thu NBDP ca i tu s iu chnh v tn s pht ca i duyn hi v s pht hin c cuc gi t i duyn hi . Vic tr li mt cuc gi nh vy c th theo cc cch sau: - i tu s tr li cuc gi ngay lp tc trn tn s thu ca i duyn hi, hoc khai thc vin ca i tu dng thit b NBDP v s nhn dng ca i duyn hi gi i duyn hi trn tn s trc canh ca n. - My pht NBDP ca i tu s t ng tr li trn tn s thu ca i duyn hi bng vic pht nhng tn hiu thch hp ch th rng i tu sn sng nhn mt cuc thng tin t ng bng thit b NBDP. 4.5.3.3. Cuc gi gia tu vi tu Thng tin gia tu vi tu bng thit b NBDP i tu ch ng c th thit tp thng tin vi i tu c gi trc tip bng phng thc thng tin NBDP hoc bng cc thit b thng tin khc nh: morse, thoi, DSC... vi cc th tc gi v bt lin lc thng thng ph hp vi cc phng thc thng tin ; sau s ngh chuyn v thit b NBDP trn cc tn s lm vic thch hp ginh cho phng thc thng tin khi thng tin dc thit lp, khai thc vin ca i tu gi s phi cung cp s gi chn hoc s nhn dng ca mnh cho i tu c gi trc khi bt du cuc thng tin. Khai thc vin ca i tu c gi sau s thit lp phng thc thng tin NBDP trn tn s m hai i tho thun.

4.5.4. Chuyn bc in bng thit b NBDP. 62

Cc i duyn hi nu c trang b cc thit b NBDP thch hp, th cc thng tin qua di duyn hi c th c ni vi mng TLX trn t lin bng hai phng php sau: 4.5.4.1. Phng php "Store and forward" Thng tin di dng mt bc din TLX t i gi s c lu li ti i duyn hi (Store - and forward), cho ti khi dng thng tin gia i duyn hi vi di tu hoc; i thu bao b c thit lp (c th t ng hoc bng nhn cng), sau di duyn hi s chuyn tip bc din ti di tu hoc thu bao b . 4.5.4.2. Phng php "dirtlx" y l phng php m hu h cc i duyn hi dang p dng, cho php i tu v mt i thu bao cn trao i thng tin c ni trc tip (c th t ng hoc bng nhn cng thng qua i duyn hi, v nh vy qu trnh trao i thng tin gia i tu vi thu bao l qu trnh trao i trc tip. i vi trng hp chiu thng tin t b ti tu, th tc chuyn mt bc in TLX phi ph hp vi mng TLX thng thng trong thc t. i vi trng hp chiu thng tin t tu ti b, th tc chuyn bc in TLX phi tun th theo cc quy nh chung quc t p dng trong thng tin lu ng hng hi. V d: Th tc chuyn mt bc in chiu t tu ti thu bao qua i duyn hi Singapore radio / 9 VG c s gi chn l 4620 bng thit b NBDP bng phng php t ng. Bc 1: i tu lm th tc bt lin lc vi i duyn hi Singapore radio; (c th gi v bt lin lc bng DSC hoc trc tip trn tn s trc canh TLX ca i Singapore radio). Bc 2: Sau khi bt lin lc c vi i Singapore radio, i tu s thc hin th tc chuyn in ti thu bao. - Sllip sends: "l.04620" 9VG sends: "9VG SERAOIO RS" i 9VG t ng pht answer- back code, v s pht tip. "MESSAGE (S) AVAILABLE. PLEASE USE MSG+" nu 9VG c in TLX cho tu; nu khng c in TLX cho tu. 9VG s pht "GA+?". Ship sends: "DIRLTXXY+" nu TLX quc t phi c s 0 trc country code; 9VG sends: "MOM" "MSG+?" Ship exchanges answerback code with called subscriber; Ship sends message(s);(nu c cc bc in ttp theo). Ship sends "KKKK", kt thc thng tin vi thu bao. Bc 3: Kt thc lin lin lc: - 9VG exchanges Bnswerback code with ship; - 9VG sends: Date and time, Ship's answerback code, Subscriber number, duration of' call, "GA+?" Tu c th yu cu i vi mt thu bao tlx khc. (Nu c din) hoc pht "BRK" kt lhc cuc lin lc.

63

4.5.5. Mu mt bc in Radiotelegralns. Tt c cc bc din radiotelegram, d gi qua cc thit b thng tin mt t hay qua INMARSAT u phi c 5 phn nh sau: - Ch dn nghip v; " - Mo u; - a ch; - Ni dung; v - Ch k. 1. Phn "PREFIX": Dng cc ch vit tt (theo quy nh) ngay phn u tin ca bc in ch loi ca bc in. V d: P: private correspondence MSG : Message to/from Master on ship business OBS : Reports to MET. Office AMVER To AMVER Centre in New York 2. Phn mo u: Phn ny do khai thc vin ghi, bao gm nhng thng tin sau: - Tn v callsign ca tu. - S ca bc in. S bc in c coi c lp theo tng ngy mi mt trm, bt u t 0001 UTC. - Ngy/ gi (UTC) ng k bc in. - Ch dn nghip v nu c, nh cc dch v c bit. V km theo code ca c quan thanh ton cc ph (AAIC) cui phn ny nu cn thit. Cn ch rng i vi cc bc in Radiotelegram gi qua INMARSATasat c bn cng ging nh cc bc in gi qua cc thit b thng tin mt t nhng c th dng m 2 s -15 ch loi dch v bc in. V d: Mt bc in ca thuyn trng gi cho i l London nh sau: + Prefix + Precamble. MSG MUNDOGAS ATLANTIC/LEEN 01 231120UTC. + Address: SMITH FLEELINERS. LONDON. Text: DUE BERTH SOUTHAMPTCN FRIDAY. REQ. REQUIRE BUN i vi phng php t ng, gim cc ph trong thng tin, bc in tlx trong thc t, phn mo u v phn a ch c ghi ngn gn hn, v mt s thng tin trong c cung cp trong th tc gi v bt lin lc. V d: Bc in ca tu Hongbang gi Kline hongkong qua i duyn hi Hongkong nh sau: NR 01 241800UTC. To: Kline HKG.

64

FM: Hongbang/3wxm.

4.5.6. Mt s lnh c dng trong thng tin telex over radio:"


Trong thng tin telex quc t, thng s dng mt s m lnh v m dch v trnh by trong cc bng 4.3, 4.4 nh sau: M lnh AMV BRK DATA(number) DIRTLX(numher) FAX(number) FREQ HELP INF KKKK MAN MED MSG MVLTLXxy/ xy+ MULTLXA NAV OBS OPR POS ngha Message to be sent to AMVER (Automated Mutual Assistance VEssel Rescue System). Radio path to he immediately disconnected. Message to be forwarded by the coast station, using data facilities, to the PSTN subscriber number indicated. Direct telex connection to the Indicated telex subscriber I number is required. Message to be forwarded as facsimile, via the SFN, to the subscriber telephone number indicated. Message contains the frequency on which the ship is keeping watch. List of available system facilities is required immediately. Information is immediately immediacy the coast station's database. Network contraction should be cleared whilst maintaining the radio path, further message/communication should [oh Io\ immediately. Message to he stored and forwarded manna II y to a COU lit iv where an agnatic telex connection is not available. An urgent medical message follows. Message help by the coast station needs (o. he sent immediately. Direct telex connection to multiple (i.e.. at least 2) Hex subscriber number is required. As MULTLX, but advice of delivery also required. Current navigational warning message required. Meteorological message to be sent to the appropriate meteorological organization (s). Connect ion through a manual assess operator required. Message contains the shivers position: assists axiomatic transmission and reception of message by the coast station, e.g, of selection of optimum traffic frequency and directional antennas. Redial the last telex number indicated by DIRTLX. Retransmission of an earlier number I message. sent iii I 1 mode, is required in ARQ mode; the peci licniessage nlLI.s( l)c referenced using the appropriate message identifier. Message is to he forwardcp cu, khn cp v an tonl; a radio telex Idler. Ship station requires an Tmediate status report of the stoicand-foi rcl message it erft; individual mssage may he {rcferciiccd by adding lie apmoprIate message hciit i [icr. Message is to sent via the coast station stote - and - forward facility to a

RDL RPT(identifier)

RTL STA

STS(selcall/ ISI)

65

SVC

TEL (number) TGM TLX (number) TLX (number). TRF TST URG

VBTLX (number)

WX

specific ship identified by a SELCALL or MMSI number. Service message i nteimdcd for subsequeni manual attention. Message to be relayed by voice from the coast station to the telephone number indicated. Message to be forwarded as a radio telex in. Message is for immediatc connection lo a store-and-forward hacilily at the coast staLion. As TLX, but with advice of delivery to the indicated tix nwnber using normal shore-toship procedures. Information on current tan II applied by [he coast station is required (automatic sivice only). A lest message text (e.g., the quick brown fox jumps over lie lazy dog) is requited (ahiLomatic service only). Emergency use only: the ship station needs to be connected to a manual assistance operator urgently (an audible alarm may be activateed at the coast station). Message is to be indicated by the coast station to a voicebank(voice messaging) telephot te number for subsequent retrieval by (lie addressee and duplicated by telex to the telex subscriber number following the command code; the telephone number of the voicebank telephone is included in the first line of the message text of the message. Weather infonnatioii is required immediately.

Bng 4.3. Bng m lnh s dng trong tlx quc t M dch v dng trong telex quc t M dch v ngha ABS Subscriber absenh/Equipmnent off. ADD Please input your international telex number. ANUL Broadcast call BCT Break (I cut off). BK End of message/transnhission not received; message cancelled. BMC Please con firm/l confion CFM Collate please/Icol hit (repetioii of, lot examl)le, figures, mixed figures or COL sensilive/iinportailt inlorination). Do you receive well?/ l receive well. Out of order. CVR You are in commumiicatioii with the cal led sit bscribei, Connection DER cleared down (cut off) because paper/tape/other recorling mcdi tim DF exhausted at ci thier the cal led on calling terminal. DXM

66

FMT GA IAB IMA INF IND ITL JDE LDE MNS MOM MUT NA NC NCH NDN NI NP NR OCC OK PPR R RAP RDI REF REI RPT RSBA SSSS SVP T or 5 TAX TEST MSG THRU TMA TPR TTX VAL W

Format error. Go ahead. Invalid ariswcrback received from called party Input message ack nowledgcment. Called subscriber temporarily unobtainable call the information service. Input transaction accepted for delivery. I irarism it later. Ufliceclosed because of holiday. Maximum acceptable durationon length of the message has been exceeded. Minutes. Wait/ Waiting (a moment). Message mutilated, Correspondence with this subscriber is not admitted. No circuits. Called sub scriher number changed. Nondehiveiy notification. No line delivery cation available. The called party is not, or is no longer, a suhscriber. Indicate your call number/My call number is Called subset iher is cngage(l (occupied) Agiccd/ Do you agree Paper. Received. I shall call you back. Redirected call. Reference of tile delivered telex message generated by a message conversion facility (CF) for telex teletex interworking. Address validation failure/non - compliant answerback received. Repeat/ I repeat. Retransmission being attempted. Change of alphabet. Please (s'il vous plait). Stop your transmission! (Repeated utill effcctive). What is the change?/The charge is Please send a test message You are in communication with a telex position Maximum number of addresses exceeded Teleprinter Designation of the conversion facility (CF) for telex teletex interworking. Validation response. Words

67

WRU XXXX

Who is there / Who are you? Xorror.

Bng m 4.4. m cc dch v trong Telex quc t.

4.5.7. Khai thc kiu ARQ.


Phng thc thng tin bng thit b NBDP ch ARQ c p dng cho cc cuc thng tin gia mt tu vi mt i duyn hi (hoc gia hai tu) bng phng php t ng hoc bn t ng, m cuc thng tin c yu cu tr li. i tu v i duyn hi (hoc i tu vi i tu) c thit lp thng tin trc tip vi nhau trn tn s hoc cp tn s thch hp, trong tn s thu ca i tu l tn s pht ca i duyn hi, v tn s pht ca i tu l tn s thu ca duyn hi (hoc tn s thu ca i tu ny l tn s pht ca i tu kia v ngc li).

4.5.8. Khai thc kiu FEC


Cc cuc thng tin bng thit b NBDP, khai thc ch FEC (mode B) c th c pht t mt i duyn hi hoc t mt i tu vi mt hoc nhiu i tu khc, trong nhng trng hp sau y. A, Khi mt i tu nhn, khng c kh nng pht hoc khng c php pht cc tn hiu thng tin v tuyn in. Ch ny cn gi l ch selective FEC (SEL.FEC). B, Khi cn pht mt bc in cho nhiu tu cng mt lc. C, Khi bc in khng cn phi xc nhn bi cc tu. Trong hai trng hp sau cn gi l ch pht conlective FEC. Khi cn thit xc nhn bc in c ch FEC, i tu c th xc nhn bc in bng cc phng thc thng tin khc nh: Morse, thoi, hoc bng cc phng thc thng tin khc.

4.6. QUY NH V VIC TH V CC TN HIU TH 4.6.1. Quy nh chung v vic pht th v cc tn hiu th
Mt i tu mun pht cc tn hiu th hoc iu chnh my thu m vic pht s gy can nhiu ti cc i duyn hi ln cn, th i tu cn phi c s chp thun ca cc i duyn hi trc khi pht tn hiu th. Cc tn hiu th ny khng c ko di lin tc qu 10 giy v n phi km theo h hiu hoc s nhn dng ca i pht tn hiu th. Trong trng hp th cc thit b thng tin thoi, h hiu hoc s nhn dng ny phi ni chm v r rng. Tt c cc tn hiu th phi c pht mc cng sut nh nht, thng thng c thc hin trn cc tn s ginh cho cc nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi v thng tin lu ng hng hi v tinh cho cc mc ch cp cu v an ton.

4.6.2. Quy nh v vic kim tra, th cc thit b thng tin VT trong h thng GMDSS.
Cc thit b thng tin VT trong h thng GMDSS m bo tnh sn sng ca thit b, c bit trong thng tin an ton v cu nn, theo quy nh u phi c kim tra v th nghim thng xuyn hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng, nh sau: Th hng ngy: Hng ngy phi tin hnh kim tra, th nh sau:

68

Cc chc hng ch yu ca cc thit b DSC phi c th t nht la ln trong mt ngy, tng vic dng cc chc nng thch hp ca thit b ginh ring cho vic th m khng cn phi bc x tn hiu th ra nhin. - Ngun s c acqui cung cp cho cc thit b thng tin VT, ngun cqui ny phi lun lun c np y. - My in cng phi dc kim tra hng ngy chc chn rng giy in c cung cp y v my.in lun sn sng lm vic. Th hng tun Qui nh v vic th hng tun nh sau: S hot ng ca cc thit b DSC s phi dc, th t nht tht ln trong mt tun bng mt cuc gi th, khi thit b DSC nm trong vng ph sng ca mt di duyn hi. Nu trong khong thi gian qu mt tun m cc thit DSC nm ngoi vng ph sng ca cc i duyn hi, th i tu s tin hnh mt cuc gi th ngy ngay c hi u tin khi m i tu nm trong vng ph sng ca mt i duyn hi no . Cc thit b dng lm ngun s c m khng phi l cqui (nh motor i in), cc thit b ny phi dc lu hng tun. - Mi mt TWO-WAY VHF s phi dc th t nht mt ln trong mt thn trn tn s khc knh 16 Th hng thng. Qui nh v vic th hng thng nh sau: -Mi mt EPIRB v satellitle EPIRB s phi c th t nht mt ln mi thng. xc nh kh nng hot ng ca n. Mi mt radar transponder (SART) s phi c kim tra t nht mt ln trong mt thng. - Mi mt TWO - WAY VHF s phi c th t nht mt ln trong mt thng trn tn s khc vi knh 16 VHF. - Cc c quy l ngun s c cung cp ch cc thit b VT cng nh s ni ghp gia c quy vi cc thit b cng phi c kim tra t nht mt ln trong mt thng.

4.7. THNG TIN V TINH


H thng thng tin v tinh lnlnarsat trong nghip v thng tin v tinh di ng hng hi nu xt giai on thng tin tu-v tinh -i b (LES), hoc ngc li i b v tinh tu, ch c hai phng thc thng tin chnh l Telex v phng thc thng tin thoi. Ngoi cc dch v thng tin cp cu, khn cp v an ton, h thng thng tin v tinh INMARSAT cn cho cc dich v thng tin thng thng chiu: tu v tinh LES - thu bao v ngc li: Thu bao v ngc li: Thu bao - LES - v tinh tu v dch v thng tin gia tu v tinh - tu. Chiu thng tin gia tu vi thu bao trn t lin i tu phi ch ra c codes quc t hoc codes thoi quc t ca quc gia v trm LES nmm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT m tu ang hot ng. Bng codes telex quc t c trnh by trong ph lc 3. Bng codes telex quc t c trnh by trong ph lc 4. Chiu thng tin gia tu vi tu, i tu chuyn in phi ch ra c vng bin m tu nhn c bc in ang hot ng thng qua codes ca cc v tinh (bng 4.5) v mt trm LES nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT m tu gi in ang hot ng. V tinh Telex codes Telephone

69

AOR-E POR IOR AOR - W

581 582 583 584

871 872 873 874

Mt iu lu rng cc trm i tu SES INMARSAT A/B hoc INMARSAT - M phi lun lun chc chn rng chng ta c t trong vng bao ph ca mt v tinh thch hp v anten ca trm SES lun lun "nhn" v tinh . Khi tu chuyn t vng bao ph ca v tinh ny sang vng bao ph ca v tinh khc, phi tin hnh vic t li anten mc tn hiu thu c v anten lun c iu chnh "nhn" v tinh khi tu hnh trnh trong vng bao ph ca v tinh . Vic t li anten khi chuyn vng v tinh c tin hnh nh sau: - Xc nh v tr tu theo v v kinh . - Xc nh hng chy tu (hng la bn) - Xc nh cc gc Azimuth v gc Elevation ca v tinh so vi v tr tu (c th dng cc bng tra ng vi cc v tinh tng ng, s c hng dn trong cc ti liu "hng dn s dng" do hng sn xut thit b cung cp. - Trn c s cc thng s c xc nh nh trn s tin hnh ci t cho SES; Vic xc nh chnh xc cc gc Azimuth v gc elevation s cho php SES thu c tn hiu t v tinh l tt nht. Hu ht cc SES hin nay u c kh nng t ng chuyn vng v tinh v tk ng iu chne anten lun truy theo v tinh khi tu di chuyn trong vng bao ph ca v tinh , sau khi ci t cc thng s hng hi ban u (v tr theo v , kinh hng chy tu) v h thng cc thit b hng hi thch hp c kt ni trc tip vi thit b tu cui SES.

4.7.1. Th tc thng tin thoi INMARSAT


4.7.1.1. Cc cuc thng tin thoi INMARSAT Vi cc th t b du cui INM-A v INMARSAT-B c th t bt k vng bin, thi gian cng nh iu kin thi tit no trong vng bao ph ca v linh INMARSAT, cng c th thc hin c cc thng tin sau y qua h thng INMARSAT: - Thng tin thoi chiu t tu ti b. - Thng tin thoi chiu t tu ti tu. - Truyn Facsimile chiu t tu ti b - Truyn Facsimile chiu t tu ti tu - Truyn d liu trn knh thoi chiu tu ti b. - Truyn d liu trn knh thoi chiu tu ti tu. T khi mng thng tin INMARSAT l s m rng ca PSTN, t cc i tu INMARSAT - A/B c th nhn c cc cuc gi thoi t cc thu bao thoi b v t cc thit v u cui INMARSAT thch hp khc khp ni trn th gii. Vi cc trm SESs INMARSAT - M v INMARSAT - Mini - M (INMARSAT Mini - M hot ng vi v tinh th h 3 vng ph sng kiu spot - beam) c iu kin hot ng ging nh INMARSAT - A/B nhng ch c cc kiu thng tin nh sau: - Thng tin thoi t tu ti b. - Thng tin thoi t tu ti tu

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- Truyn facsimile chiu tu ti b (tc thp 2400 bits/s). - Truyn d liu trn knh thoi t tu ti b (tc thp 2400 bits/s) Cc cuc gi thoi cng c th c nhn t cc thu bao PSTN v cc thit b u cui thch hp khc t khp ni trn th gii. Trc mi cuc gi thng tin bng thoi qua INMARSAT, cn phi chun b trc cc thng tin sau y: - S nhn dng ca tu. - M dch v thoi (m 2 s) xem bng 4.6. - ID ca trm LES cn chn. - Vng bin/ v tinh m tu ang hot ng. - S in thoi ca thu bao cn gi (bao gm c m quc gia v m vng). - Ni dung ca cuc thng tin. mt cuc gi thoi c hiu qu nht, mi mt cuc gi bng thoi qua h thng INMARSAT, cn phi ch cc yu t say y: - Cuc gi c vo gi cao im khng "peak hours"? (cc cuc gi ngoi gi cao im "off - peak hours" c th tit kim c thi gian v cc ph xem chi tit v cc ph ca cc trm LES. Cn nh rng "off - peak hours" c tnh theo gi khu vc ca trm LES , c th s khc vi gi tu. - Cuc gi c quan trng v cn thit tin hnh cuc gi ngay lp tc hay khng? - Tnh ton s khc nhau v thi gian gia gi tu v gi khu vc ca thu bao cuc gi c hiu qu v khng gy chm tr.

4.7.1.2. Thit lp cuc gi

Nhng ch dn c trnh by trong phn ny ch l nhng hng dn chung p dng cho tt c cc i tu SES m khng hng dn ring cho bt k mt SES no. Nhng ch dn chi tit cho ring mi mt SES c trnh by c th trong cc ti liu "handbook" ca cc nh sn xut. C hai giai on thit lp mt cuc gi thoi t thit b u cui INMARSAT - A/B: - t mt knh thng tin t thit b u cui qua mt v sinh ti mt trm LES cng nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh. - Thit lp mt knh thng tin t trm LES qua PSTN quc t t thu bao trn tu cng nh trn b. A/t mt knh thng tin thoi. t mt knh thng tin thoi qua mt v tinh ti mt trm LES cng nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh vi tu, th tc tin hnh nh sau: (1) Chn kiu thoi u cui (t ng hoc nhn cng). (2) Chn mc u tin: - Mc 0 cho cc cuc gi thng thng. - Mc 1 cho cc cuc gi an ton. - Mc 2 cho cc cuc gi khn cp. - Mc 3 cho cc cuc gi cp cu. Ch rng trong my thng mc nh trc u tin l mc 0. (3) Chn trm LES m cuc gi chuyn tip qua trm LES bng vic dng mt m 2 s, v d 02 cho trm Goonhilly. Trm LES c chn phi nm trong cng mt vng bao ph ca v tinh vi vng bin m tu ang hot ng.

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(4) Nu thit lp cuc gi facsimile hoc truyn d liu qua thit b cui INMARSAT - A, mt knh thoi thch hp s c yu cu. (5) Vic khi u mt knh thoi bng vic pht REQUEST BURST theo s hng dn ca nh sn xut trm i tu SES . Sau khong thi gian 15 giy, knh thoi s c thit lp v i tu SES s hon thnh th tc "bt tay" vi trm LES. Sau SES s nghe c ting PTS tone, ting PTS tone ch th rng giai on th nht ca vic thit lp mt cuc thng tin thoi quc t c ni vi trm LES. Trong trng hp sau 15 giy m khng nhn c tn hiu PTS tone ni trn, SES s tin hnh pht li REQUEST BURST. B. Thit lp knh thng tin ngoi. Vic thit lp knh thng tin t trm LES qua PSTN quc t ti thu bao trn b hoc trn tu, th tc c tin hnh nh sau: Ngay lp tc sau khi nhn c ting PTS tone t trm LES, phi a yu cu v loi dch v v s thu bao, bng vic n cc s thch hp trn bn phm, cch lm nh sau: (1) a m dch v thoi. - a 2 s m dch v thoi, thng thng dng m 00 cho dch v thoi t ng trc tip. (2) M quc gia. - a m quc gia ca thu bao thoi cn gi i vi trng hp thu bao trn t lin; trng hp thu bao l mt SES khc th phi a m thoi ca v tinh INMARSAT m thu bao SES ang nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh (xem trong bng 4 - 5). (3) M vng. - M vng (m ca thnh ph, tnh, bang...) trong quc gia m s thu bao c t vng . (4) S thu bao thoi. - a s telephone ca thu bao cn gi i vi thu bao trn t lin; v a s IMN ca thu bao tu cn gi vi trng hp cuc gi t mt SES ti mt SES khc. (5) K t kt thc ca s thu bao. - kt thc dy s ca thu bao phi dng k t kt thc "#". Trong khong 15 giy s nghe c ting chung ca thu bao cn gi. Khi my thu bao tr li, ng thng tin thoi ti thu bao c thit lp, v cuc ni chuyn bng thoi s c tin hnh. Ch rng cc ph ca cuc thng tin thoi s c tnh lin tc bt u t lc thu bao nhc my cho ti khi i tu SES hoc thu bao ngt ng thng tin . Khi kt thc cuc gi phi t HANDSET tr li v tr c ca n. V d 1: Gi t tu ti mt thu bao trn t lin. Thc hin mt cuc gi thoi t ng qua h thng INMARSAT v tr s ca T chc INMARSAT quc t ti London - U.K. C s in thoi 44 - 1717281000, th tc nh sau: - Thit lp knh thng tin theo hng dn nh trnh by trn, sau khi nghe thy ting PTS tone, ngay lp tc quay (hoc n) s: 00441717281000# Trong : 00 = M dch v thoi t ng quc t. 44 = M thoi quc gia ca U.K: 171 = M vng ca thu bao (m ca London); # = K t kt thc y s ca thu bao. V d 2: Gi t tu ti thu bao tu nm trong vng bao ph ca v tin IOR. - Thit lp knh thng tin thoi theo hng dn nh trn, sau khi nghe thy ting PTS tone, ngay lp tc quay (hoc n) s:

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008731234567# Trong : 00 = M dch v thoi t ng quc t. 873 = M dch v thoi ca v tinh IOR 1234567 = S ID ca thu bao SES - INMARSAT - A # = K t kt thc y s ca thu bao. i vi cc h thng INMARSAT - M v min - M thng thng cc SES c kt ni sn vi mt trm LES no (khi khi ng h thng ci t trc bi khai thc vin) trn knh bo hiu ca LES. Do khi tin hnh mt cuc gi vi mt thu bao no , ch vic quay s: m dch v thoi - m thoi quc gia - m vng - s thoi thu bao v k t kt thc dy thu bao.

4.7.2. Th tc thng tin telex bng INMARSAT - A/B


4.7.2.1. Cc cuc thng tin bng telex qua INMARSAT - A/B

Cc thit b u cui INMARSAT - A/B t bt k vng bin no nm trong vng bao ph ca v tinh INMARSAT u c th thit lp mt cuc gi telex ti bt k mt thu bao telex no trong mng telex quc t. Hu ht cc trm LES, cng ging nh thoi, thng s dng m dch v 2 s trong thng tin telex (bng 4 - 7).

M 2 s 00 11 12 13 14 15 17 21 22 23 24

ngha Automatic

Cch s dng Dng thit lp cc cuc gi telex t ng bng m telex quc t ca quc gia c thu bao cn gi. International operator Dng yu cu mt khai thc vin quc t International Yu cu cung cp nhng thng tin v cc quc gia information khc (khc vi quc gia t trm LES ). Dng yu cu mt khai thc vin quc gia. National operator Yu cu cung cp nhng thng tin v quc gia t trm LES . National information M ny dng ni ngi gi ti mt dch v Radiotelegram service radiotelegram pht cc bc in qua telex. ng k trc cc cuc m thoi qua telex. Telephone call Dng yu cu kiu store - and - forward cho cc booking cuc gi quc t. Store and forward Dng yu cu kiu store - and - forward cho cc (international) cuc gi quc gia. Store and forward C th c dng bi mt vi trm LES cho php (national) ngi s dng lu gi v quay cc s tt ca cc thu Abbreviated dialling bao. Telex letter service Dng pht trc tip mt bc in t mt SES ti LES v c chuyn ti a ch ngi nhn bng my bay hoc bng phng tin thch hp khc. Nhng yu cu c bit trong hng hi.

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31 32 33 36 3 38

Maritime enquiries Medical advice

Yu cu ch dn v y t. Yu cu tr gip v k thut. Hu ht cc trm LES u c k thut vin c kh nng tr gip cc trm SES khi cn thit. Technical assistance S dng m ny khi dng th gi telex ghi n Credit card call Kt thc cuc gi, v s thng bo ngy gi cuc gi v khong thi gian tnh cc. Time and duration at S dng khi mun yu cu tr gip v y end of cal Medical assistance c dng khi mun yu cu tr gip hng hi.

CHNG 5: CC PH TRONG NGHIP V THNG TIN LU NG HNG HI


5 1. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG
T chc hnh chnh ca quc gia m cp giy php i tu (cc i di ng hng hi) s l c quan thanh ton cc ph thng tin lu ng hng hi ca cc i tu. Cc ph trong nghip v thng lin lu ng hng hi ca mt i tu chiu t lu ti b s c thanh ton qua mt c quan thanh ton cc ph quc t - ACCOUNTING AUTHORITY IDETIFICANON CODE - vit tt l AAIC, c quan ny s chu trch nhim thanh ton cc ph thng tin ca cc i tu ( c ng k) vi cc i duyn hi v cc i b mt t. Cc ph trong thng tin v tuyn in hng hi ni chung do cc i duyn hi v i b mt t n nh v s c ng k quc t v c ch ra trong "danh b cc i b".

5 - 2 THNH PHN CC PH CA MT BC IN
Cc ph ca mt cuc thng tin hoc mt bc in ni chung bao gm Cc bu in-landline charge; -Cc i b-land station charge; Cc cho cc dch v c bit; v -Cc c bit khi dng cc phng tin c bit trong cuc thng tin.

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Cc bu in-landline charge c p dng cho nhng knh thng tin trong mng bu chnh vin thng quc gia hoc quc t v c p dng cho cc cuc thng tin v tuyn in gia mt i di ng vi mt thu bao ca cng mt quc gia c i b m i di ng tin hnh cuc gi - l cc bu in quc gia; hoc gia mt i di ng vi mt thu ti mt quc gia khc vi quc gia c i duyn hi (hoc i b) m i di ng tin hnh cuc gi - l cc bu in quc t. Cc bc in hoc cc cuc gi khi p dng cc bu in quc t s c cc trng hp sau: -Cc c n nh trc hoc cc p dng cho cc dch v thng tin vin thng quc t, hoc Cc bao gm c kt hp c cc bu in v cc i b, mc cc ny c c n nh trc bi c quan qun l hnh chnh ca i b Cc i b-land Station charge c p dng v tnh cho tt c cc bc in v cc cuc gi, mc cc ny do cc c quan qun l hnhchnh ca cc i b n nh. Cc cho cc dch v c bit c p dng cho cc bc in hoc cc cuc gi c dch v c bit c th c cng thm cc, tng cc gim cc hoc min cc. Vi d nh cc cuc gi, cc bc in ca hnh khch trn tu khch c cng thm phn cc i tu (cc i tu do ch tu qui nh); cc bc in ch dn y-t c min cc... Vi cc bc in telegram ngoi cc loi cc ph k trn cn c th ph thu thm mt khon cc c bit nu vic chuyn bc in trn t lin phi p 'dng nhng phng tin c bit m khng c chp nhn bng telegram.

5 - 3 CC TRNG HP MIN CC V GIM CC 5-3-1 Cc trng hp min cc.


Trong nghip v thng tin di ng hng hi, cc trng hp sau y s c min cc i vi cc i thng tin di ng hng hi: - Cc bc in cp cu hoc tr li cp cu; - Cc bc in t cc i i ng loan bo cc vn lin quan n an ton hng li t cc i di ng loan bo nhng hin tng hng hi k l, bt thng ... Cc i di ng thng bo nhng s thay i v tr bt thng ca cc hao tiu, s lm vic khc thng ca cc n hi ring. in nghip v khc lin quan n nghip v thng tin an ton hng hi in an ton hng hi arety nt t cc i duyn hi hoc cc i v tinh mt t. Cc bc in lin quan n nhng ch dn y-t cng c min cc vi iu kin . tn c trao i trc tip gia cc i di ng v o b lm nghip v ch dn y-t, m cc i b c ch r trong danh b cc i lm nghip v c bit cung cp nhng dch v ch dn y-t. Cc bc in phi c a ch ph hp vi nhng iu kin c ch ra trong danh b cc i lm nghip v c bit.

5-3-2 Cc trng hp gim cc.


Trong nghip v thng tin di ng hng hi , nhng trng hp sau y s c gim 50% cc i duyn hi: -Cc bc in thng bo lin quan n vic quan st kh tng OBS.

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- in bo bo ch hng hi. Cc bc in lin quan n vic bo v con ngi trong thi gian v nhng ni ang c chin tranh , theo hip c quc t ngy 12/8/1949, s c gi m cc . Cc bc in hoc cc cuc gi trn y c min cc hoc gim cc i vi cc i di ng khi thanh ton vi cc i b hoc cc i b v tinh mt t. Cc ph ca cc loi dch v ny s do cc c quan hnh chnh vin thng quc gia tr cho cc i b hoc cc i b v tinh mt t

5 - 4 CC PHNG PHP TNH CC


Trong nghip v thng tin di ng hng hi c nhiu phng php tnh cc khc nhau, cc loi dch v khc nhau hoc cc phng thc thng tin khc nhau th cc phng php tnh cc cng s khc nhau. Cc i di ng nht thit phi hiu bit v nm vng v cc phng php tnh cc v bng gi tnh cc. Khi cn thit, cc i di ng c th hi cc i b nhng thng tin.v cc ph. Cc i b c th tnh ton v cung cp cc ph ca mt cuc thng tin cho mt i di ng i vi cc cuc thng tin gia i tu v i b.

5-4-1 Cc cuc thng tin gia hai i di ng.


Cc cuc thng tin trc tip gia hai i di ng vi nhau trong nghip v thng tin i ng hng hi s khng phi tnh cc. Cc cuc thng tin m i duyn hi hoc i b mt t lm trm chuyn tip gia hai i di ng th s thu 2 ln cc i b. Nu cc i b p dng cho cuc thng tin vi mt i di ng ch ng gi l khc vi mt i di ng b gi th i b s thu tng ca hai cc . Vi cc cuc thng tin cn thit phi dng hai i b chuyn tip gia hai i di ng, th mi mt i b s thu bao gm "cc i b" ca i b v mt phn cc bu in gia hai i b phn cc bu in ny s do hai i b tho thun).

5-4-2 Cc cho cc bc in Radiotelegram.


Trong h thng thng tin OMDSS cc bc in Radiotelegram c xem l cc bc tu ' c chuyn bng thoi. Cc i b v cc i di ng nu c) ca bc in Radiotelegram c tnh da trn s t tnh cc ca bc in . Cc ph ca bc in Raiotelegt'am c tnh t phn a ch n phn ch k; t tnh cc trong bc in l nhng ch, nhng s ng ring l mt mnh, nhng nhm ch, nhm s, nhm hn hp ch, s v du l mi hoc phn l ca mi k t u c tnh lm mt ch tnh cc. V d: TO VOSCO M/V FORTUNE FREIGHTER ETA/P/S 1 52300LT STOP FO/230MTIDO/50MT PLS/ARR . BERTIIINGIASAP BIRGDIMASTER Nhng nhm k t gch chn trong bc in trn c tnh thnh 2 ch tnh cc, nh vy phn mo u bc in trn s c ghi l : FM ....... MSG NR.... ...........(DATE/TIME) CK15/12 Tc bc in trn c 1 5 ch t inh cc v 12 ch thc t. Tng cc thnh phn cc ph ca mt bc in Radiotelegram s c thu t ngi gi in, tr trng hp c nhng tho thun ring no khc hng c tnh thm mt khon' ph thu no vo cc thnh phn cc

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ph ca bc in trong trng hp vic xc nhn vic nhn bc in c thc hin qua mt i di ng khc hoc mt i b hoc s tr gip ca mt i di ng trung gian chuyn bc in . Th v tuyn in hng hi "Radiomaritime letter", c chp nhn trong nghip v lu ng hng hi, cc ph ca cc bc in bao gm cc i b v cc cho dch v bu in . Cc dch v bu in c th c cng thm mt phn cc ph thu, nu bc in c a ch mt quc gia khc vi quc gia ca i b. Ngoi ra nhng cc sau y c th c ph thu nu bc in c p dng nhng nghip v tng ng: - Cc cho cc nghip v c bit. -Cc bu in-Landline charge khi bc in c pht bng telegraph trn mt phn t lin (tc bc in c chuyn ti a ch va bng in tn va bng dch v ca bu t bu in).

5-4-3 Cc ph cho cc cuc gi Radiotelephone v Radiotelex.


Trong nghip v thng tin lu ng hng hi, thng thng cc ph i b ca cc cuc gi radiotelephone v Radiotelex trn cc gii sng khc nhau l khc nhau (MF, HF, VHF) v cc ph ca cc cuc gi bng h thng thng tin mt t vi h thng thng tin v tinh cng khc nhai c trng hp khai thc t ng, phng php tnh cc theo thi gian, c tnh bng "pht" hoc "giy"; n v tnh cc theo k t, hoc bt (vi Radiotelex) c dng vi cc dch v quc gia. Ph cho cho cc cuc gi Radiotelephone v Radiotelex Ni chung thng thng c tnh l mt pht. Trong trng hp khai thc t ng i vi Radiotclcx kiu "stot'c-and-forward", n v cc ph s c tnh bng k t', "bt" hoc "kilobt" thng thng 32 k t v phn l ca 32 k t hoc 256 bt v phn l ca 256 bt hoc 1 kbit hoc phn l ca 1 / 4 kbit c tnh lm mt n v tnh cc. Trong trng hp khai thc t ng i vi Radiotelex ni trc tip vi thu bao trn t lin C chim knh thng tin ca bu in quc gia hoc quc t, n v lnh cc s l thi gian chim knh thng tin bu in quc gia hoc quc t v c tnh bng "giy", thng thng 6 giy v phn l ca () giy c tnh lm mt n v tnh cc. Cc trng hp khai thc bng nhn cng hoc bn t ng khng chim knh thng tin ca bu in quc gia hoc quc t, n v cc ph thng c tnh l thi gian v bng "pht" , cc ph t nht cho mt cuc gi nh vy c qui nh l 3 n v tnh cc. Cc ph ca mt cuc gi thng thng c tnh cho ngi gi. i vi cc cuc gi m ngi c gi phi tr cc (c tho thun trc hoc ngi c (v chp nhm th cc ph ca cuc gi s c tnh cho ngi dc gi. Vi cc cuc gi nh vy, ngi c gi phi chp nhn trch nhim vi vic thanh ton cc ph. Khi vic lin lc c iu khin qua mt i b, cc ph ca cuc gi s do i b n nh vo lc kt thc cuc gi. Nu c hai i b tham gia vo vic iu khin cuc gi th kin ca i b m chp nhn cuc gi t i di ng ch ng gi s l quyt nh. S quyt nh ca i b s c gi tr thanh ton quc t. Cc loi cc c bit: Cc ph ca cc cuc gi radtotelephone ca c nhn t mt i di ng ti b cng nh cc cuc gi dng th tn dng hoc cc ph cuc gi c tr t ngi c gi l nhng cc c bit. Cc c bit s c p dng cho cc cuc gi thng thng hoc bn t ng.

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Khng p dng cc c bit cho cc cuc gi c nhn bng radiotelephone ti cc i di ng c iu khin bi cc dch v thng thng trong dch v di ng hng hi, v dch v di ng hng hi v tinh.Cc ph ca cc cuc gi c bit s c tnh i vi cuc gi quc t, c p dng: Ch vi cc bu in landline charge, hoc tt c cc thnh phn cc ph ca cuc gi . . ' Khi mt cuc gi c t trc, m cuc gi chc chn s c thanh ton ca mt cc' c' bit (v d, cuc gi c thanh ton bi ngi c gi) c kt hp bi mt cuc gi c nhn c t trc, th s ch tnh mt loi cc c bit vi cuc gi .

5-4-4 Cc ph ca bc in Radiotelexogram.
Mt bc in bo Raiotelexogram l mt bc in c pht bng telex hoc bng telefax trc tip t mt thu bao gc ti mt i b nc ngoi chuyn n mt i tu, hoc mt bc in c pht t mt i lu ng n mt i b chuyn thng ti mt thu bao telex hoc mt thu bao telelx. Cc ph v cc th tc thanh ton cc ph phi ph thuc tho c gia cc i l khai thc 'c lin quan. Nu nh tho c khng cn hiu lc, i b s t chi khng chp nhn in bo radiotelexogram chiu t b n tu. Ngc li cc i b c th tip nhn cc bc in bo trn t cc thu hao gc nc ngoi chuyn n. Thu bao gi s cung cp tn v a ch ca mt c quan chu trch nhim thanh ton cc ph ca bc in. Cc i b ca' bc in radiotelexogram c th c p dng ging nh bc in radiotelex, tr trng hp i vi nhng cc c lin quan n cc nghip v c bit, hoc c th c n nh trong cc mc ca cc ph da trn s ch tnh cc ca bc in. Tng cc thnh phn cc ph ca bc in radiotelexogram s c thanh ton bi ngi gi bc in. tr trng hp c cc iu khon tho thun ring khc.

5-4-5 Cc ph trong cc ch v thng tin v tinh INMARSAT.


Thnh phn cc ph, nguyn tc tnh' cc ca cc cuc gi hoc cc bc in trong cc dch v thng tin v t INMARSAT v c bn cng ging nh cch tnh cc ca cc cuc gi hc cc bc in trong cc dch v thng tin hng hi bng cc gii sng VT mt t. Thnh phn cc ph ca mt cuc gi cng bao gm cc i b mt t (bao gm c cc khng gian), cc bu in, cc i tu (p dng cho hnh khch) v cc c bit (nu c). Cc phng php tnh cc cng tu theo cc phng thc thng tin v cc h thng INMARSAT khc nhau m c cc phng php tnh cc bng thi gian, bng k t, bng bt hoc bng kbt, 1kbt i vi h thng INMARSAT C 'vi kiu thng tin "Store-andforward" phng php tnh cc bng kbit, 1 kbit hoc phn l ca mi 1/4 kbit c tnh tm m( n v tnh cc. cc ph ca mt bc in l r nht, khi son tho bc in cn ch mt s im sau y: Mt s trm i tu SES v trm i b LES hin nay cho php s ng cc m 5 bt, 7 bt hoc 8 bt tu theo mng NETWORK m i tu chn ni vi thu bao. Khi son tho bc in pht ngoi vic chn trm LES, cn chn mng NETWORK thch hp ni vi thu bao v c k ch dn ca hng sn xut thit b chn cc m 5 bt, 7 bt hoc 8 bt thch hp sao cho bc in c s lng bt' l t nht v do bc in s l r nht.

5 - 5 THANH TON CC PH 5-5-1 n v tin t thanh ton cc ph.


thng nht ' v thun tin cho vic thanh ton cc ph quc t trong nghip v thng tin di ng hng hi, t chc lin minh vin thng quc t ITU thng nht v qui nh ly ng Francs vng-golffrancs hoc SDR- Special Drawing Rights. l n v tin t ca t chc lin minh tin t th gii IMF lm n v tin t tiu chun thanh ton cc ph trong thng tin v tuyn in hng hi.

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Vic qui i cc n v tin t ny sang cc n v tin t khc (ng US$ ng Yn Nhp phi cn c vo t gi hi oi hng thng do t chc IMF thng xuyn cung cp.

5 - 2 - 2 C quan thanh ton cc ph.


Thng thng c quan chu trch nhim thanh ton cc ph thng tin lu ng hng hi l nhng c quan, t chc chnh quyn ca quc gia cp giy php v tuyn in cho cc i lm nghip v lao ng hng hi . Mi c quan thanh ton cc ph c n nh mt "code" - Accounting Authority Identification Code (AAIC), bao gm 2 phn: - Phn th nht l 2 ch ci ch quc gia ca c quan thanh ton cc ph. - Phn th 2 l nhng con s, ch thuc tnh ca c quan thanh ton cc ph. V d: Cc tu bin Vit Nam c c quan thanh ton cc Ph "Tng cc bu in, s 18 Nguyn Du H Ni".

5 - 5 - 3 Thanh ton cc ph
Nhng cc ph thng tin mi c cng b hoc nhng s thay i v cc ph thng tin ca mt quc gia no s nh hng i vi cc ph thng tin vi cc quc gia khc m c thit lp trc cho ti ngy u tin ca thng tip sau thng m cng b s thay i hoc b sung mi v cc. Cc c quan hnh chnh cung cp nhng thng tin v cc cng b trong cc bn tin s phi ch ra thi hn cui cng p dng nhng s thay i b sung ny. Nhng bn tin ny s c thng bo cho Tng th k ITU. Thi hn thanh ton cc ph thng tin lu ng hng hi c ITU quy nh nh sau: - i vi nhng cc ph thng tin chiu di di ng ti cc i b l 1 thng 15 ngy. Qu thi hn thanh ton trn cc i duyn hi hoc cc i b lm nghip v lu ng hng hi c th ngng cung cp cc dch v thng tin lu ng hng hi (tr cc trng hp cp cu, khn cp hoc an ton). Cc ph v th tc thanh ton cc ph chiu t b ti tu c th ph thuc vo cc tho thun gia cc i l khai thc c lin quan vi cc i b lm nghip v lu ng hng hi. Nu nhng tho thun ny khng cn hiu lc, i b s t chi cung cp cc dch v chiu t b ti tu.

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