OpenDSS Tutorial EPRI Dugan

Tutorial
TheOpenDSS Application
RogerC.Dugan
Sr.TechnicalExecutive rdugan@epri.com Knoxville,Tennessee37934USA
4th International Conference on
Conference Sponsors
Associate Sponsors
Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

December 6-10, 2010 4th International Conference on Integration USA Albuquerque, NM, of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources
Introduction
4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources
WhatisOpenDSS?
EPRIs DistributionSystemSimulator(DSS)
Releasedasopensource CalledOpenDSS
Canbefoundat:
WWW.SOURCEFORGE.NET
(SearchforOpenDSS)
Or,emailrdugan@epri.com andrequestalinkto thelatestOpenDSS onEPRIs FTPsite.

WhywasDSSDeveloped?
Forspecialdistributionanalysisapplications suchasDGanalysis. Toprovideaveryflexibleresearchplatform. Fillsgapsleftbyotherdistributionsystem analysistools. Studynewapproachestodistributionsystem analysis.
WhyOpenSource?
EPRIhasmadetheDSSopensourceto:
CooperatewithvariousSmartGridopensource efforts
GridlabD(fromPNL),forexample
Toencouragenewadvancementsindistribution systemanalysis Topromotegridmodernization/SmartGrideffortsby providingresearchersandconsultantswithatoolto evaluateadvancedconcepts ExpandthepoolofSmartGridtechnologyresources availabletoEPRImembers

DSSBackground
Underdevelopmentformorethan13Years
StartedatElectrotek Conceptsin1997 PurchasedbyEPRIin2004
Objectivesin1997
Supportalldistributionplanningaspectsofdistributedgeneration Implementaflexibleresearchplatform Incorporateobjectorienteddataideas
KeyFuturework
SmartGridresearchanddemonstrations DSEforNorthAmericanSystems Denseurbannetworks Reliabilitymethodsresearch
6
DistributionSystemSimulator(DSS)
Designedtosimulateutilitydistributionsystems
Inarbitrarydetail Formosttypesofanalysesrelatedtodistributionplanning.
Itperformsitsanalysistypesinthefrequency domain,
Powerflow, Harmonics,and Dynamics.
ItdoesNOTperformelectromagnetictransients(timedomain) studies.
Time andLocationDependentBenefits
TheOpenDSSwasdesignedfromthebeginningto captureboth
Timespecificbenefits and Locationspecificbenefits
Neededfor
DGanalysis Renewablegeneration Energyefficiencyanalysis PHEVandEVimpacts Otherproposedcapacityenhancementsthatdontfollow typicalloadshapes
8
Time andLocationDependentBenefits
Mosttraditionaldistributionsystemanalysisprograms
Designedtostudypeakloadingconditions Capturemostlylocationspecificbenefits Ignorestime;Assumesresourceisavailable ThisgetsthewronganswerformanyDG,energyefficiency, andSmartGridanalyses
Mustdotimesequenceanalysistogettherightanswer
Overdistributionplanningarea
OverallModelConcept
Inf. Bus (Voltage, Angle)
Power Delivery System
Comm Msg Queue 1 Power Conversion Element ("Black Box") Control Center
Comm Msg Queue 2
Control
10
ExamplesofAdvancedOpenDSSApplications (otherthanbasicmultiphasepowerflow)
Neutraltoearth(stray)voltage simulations. Lossevaluationsdueto unbalancedloading. DevelopmentofDGmodelsfor theIEEERadialTestFeeders. Highfrequencyharmonicand interharmonic interference. Losses,impedance,and circulatingcurrentsinunusual transformerbankconfigurations. Transformerfrequencyresponse analysis.
Distributionautomationcontrol algorithmassessment. Impactoftankless waterheaters onflickeranddistribution transformers. Windfarmcollectorsimulation. Windfarmimpactonlocal transmission. WindgenerationandotherDG impactonswitchedcapacitors andvoltageregulators. Openconductorfaultconditions withavarietyofsinglephaseand threephasetransformer connections.
11
ComputingAnnualLosses
Peakloadlossesarenotnecessarilyindicativeof annuallosses
70 60
25000 20000 15000 kWh 10000 5000 5 9 0 21 Apr Jul Oct Month 17
50
Load, MW
40
30
20
10
Hour
13
Jan
12
UsingDSStoDetermineIncremental CapacityofDG
Needle Peaking System
1600 1400 1200 1000
Capacity Gain for 2 MW CHP

7000 6000 Base_Case 2MW_CHP Incr. Cap. 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 210
Incr. Cap., MW
800 600 400 200 4 0 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 13 7 1
MWh
5000
MWh EEN
4000 3000 2000 1000 0 150
Hour
16 19
22
Month
6000
160
170
180
MW Load
190
200
5000
4000
KW 3000
2000
How much more power can be served at the same risk of unserved energy?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Hour 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1000
Broad Summer Peaking System

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12
Month
13
DGDispatch
5000 2500 4500 2000
4000 kvar 3500
1500
1000 Reactive Power, kvar
3000 Power, kW
500
2500
2000 kW 1500
-500
-1000
1000
-1500
500
-2000
0 1077 1346 1615 1884 2153 2422 2691 2960 3229 3498 3767 4036 4305 4574 4843 5112 5381 5650 5919 6188 6457 6726 6995 7264 7533 7802 8071 8340 8609 270 539 808 1
-2500
Hour
14
SolarPVSimulation 1hrData
5 Without PV Difference 4 4 With PV 5
-1 2 Weeks
-1
Difference, MW
MW
15
1secSolarData CloudTransients
1-Sec Solar PV Output Shape with Cloud Transients
1 0.9 Per Unit of Maximum 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 500 1000 1500 Time,s 2000 2500 3000
Impact on Feeder Voltage
16
PowerDistributionEfficiency
350 300 250 Losses, kW 200 No-Load Losses 150 100 50 Load Losses 0 0 50 100 Hour (1 Week) 150 Total Losses
Peak Load Week

350 300 250 Losses, kW 200 150 100 Load Losses No-Load Losses 0 5200 5250 5300 Hour (1 Week) 5350 Total Losses
Light Load Week
50
17
WindPlant1sSimulation
4000 3000 2000 1000
Active and Reactive Power
P3-(kW) (W)
1.03
0 -91 Q3-(kvar) (VAr) -191 -291 -391
Feeder Voltage and Regulator Tap Changes
1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98
-491
0.97
0 Electrotek Concepts 20000 40000 Time (s) 60000 80000 1.02 TOP, The Output Processor
Ta p -(p u )
(V )
-591
1.00 0.98 0.96 0 20000 40000 Time (s) 60000 80000 TOP, The Output Processor
Electrotek Concepts
18
Broadband Driving Point Admittance

0.035 0.03 0.025
Siemens
0.02 |Y| 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000
19
Frequency, Hz
PowerFlowVisualization
20
GettingStarted
InstallationandBasicUsage
SourceForge.Net LinksforOpenDSS
OpenDSSDownloadFiles:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/files/
MainPageinWiki
http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/electricdss/index.php?title=Main_Page
ToplevelofMainRepository
http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/electricdss/
SourceCode
http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/electricdss/Source/
Examples
http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/electricdss/Distrib/Examples/
IEEETestCases
http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/electricdss/IEEETestCases/
22
ReleaseFileDownloadPage
This is a Release Version
23
WikiHomePage
24
RepositoryonSourceForge.Net
25
ReleaseVersionsVs.SourceCode
ReleaseversionsarepostedirregularlyonSourceForge Youcankeepupwiththelatestchangesbyaccessing thesourcecodeandbuildingthelatestversion LatestbuildsarealsopostedonanEPRIFTPsite
RequestalinkfromEPRI(seeWikiNewsandNotes)
Compilers
Delphi2010 Thisiswhatweusefordevelopment
Delphi2007and2009alsoworkedlasttimewetried
FreePascal(withlimitations)www.freepascal.org
26
AccessingtheSourceForge.Net SourceCode RepositorywithTortoiseSVN

Installa32bitTortoiseSVN clientfrom tortoisesvn.net/downloads. Recommendation:
FromtheTortoiseSVN GeneralSettingsdialogandclickthelastcheck box,touse"_svn"insteadof".svn"forlocalworkingdirectoryname. Then,tograbthefilesfromSourceForge: 1 createacleandirectorysuchas"c:\opendss" 2 rightclickonitandchoose"SVNCheckout..."fromthemenu 3 therepositoryURLis
http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/electricdss
Changethecheckoutdirectoryifitpointssomewhereotherthanwhat youwant.
27
ProgramFiles
OpenDSS.EXE OpenDSSEngine.DLL KLUSolve.DLL DSSgraph.DLL StandaloneEXE InprocessCOMserver Sparsematrixsolver DSSgraphicsoutput
Copythesefilestothedirectory(folder)ofyourchoice
Typicallyc:\OpenDSS or c:\Program Files\OpenDSS
IfyouintendtodriveOpenDSSfromanotherprogram,youwill needtoregistertheCOMserver
Someprogramsrequirethis!!
28
OpenDSSFolders
29
OpenDSSStandaloneEXEUserInterface
Multiple script windows
Any script window may be used at any time.
30
ExecutingScriptsintheStandaloneEXE
Select all or part of a line
Right-Click to get this pop-up menu
DSS executes selected line or opens selected file name Any script window may be used at any time.
31
DSSStructure
Scripts
COM Interface
Main Simulation Engine
Scripts, Results
UserWritten DLLs
32
DSSObjectStructure
DSS Executive Commands Options Circuit V Solution [Y] I
PDElement Line Transformer Capacitor Reactor
PCElement Load Generator Vsource Isource Storage
Controls RegControl CapControl Relay Reclose Fuse
Meters Monitor EnergyMeter Sensor
General LineCode LineGeometry WireData LoadShape GrowthShape Spectrum TCCcurve XfmrCode

33
DSSClassStructure
Instances of Objects of this class Class Property Definitions Class Property Editor Collection Manager Object 1 Property Values Methods Yprim States
Object n Property Values Methods Yprim States

34
ScriptingBasics
Syntaxandorganizingyourscripts
Scripting
OpenDSSisascriptablesolutionengine Scripts
Seriesofcommands Fromtextfiles FromeditformsinOpenDSS.EXE FromanotherprogramthroughCOMinterface
e.g.,Thisishowyouwoulddolooping
Scriptsdefinecircuits Scriptscontrolsolutionofcircuits Scriptsspecifyoutput,etc.

36
CommandSyntax
Commandparm1,parm2parm3parm 4. Parametersmaybepositional ornamed (tagged). Ifnamed,an"="signisexpected.
Name=value (thisisthenamedform) Value (valuealoneinpositionalform)
Forexample,thefollowingtwocommandsare equivalent:
New Object="Line.First Line" Bus1=b1240 LineCode=336ACSR,
New Line.First Line, b1240 32
Bus2=32
336ACSR,
Comma or white space
37
Delimiters
Arrayorstringdelimiterpairs: [],{},(), , Matrixrowdelimiter: | Valuedelimiters: , (comma) anywhitespace(taborspace) Class,Object,Bus,orNodedelimiter: . (period) Keyword/valueseparator: = Continuationofpreviousline: ~ (More) Commentline: // Inlinecomment: ! Queryaproperty: ?
38
ArrayandMatrixParameters
Array
kvs =[115,6.6,22] kvas=[200001600016000]
Matrix
(3x3matrix)
Xmatrix=[1.2.3.3 |.31.23|.3.3 1.2]
(3x3matrix lowertriangle)
Xmatrix=[1.2|.31.2|.3.3 1.2]
39
ArraysfromFiles
Mult=[1,2,3,4,5,..etc] Mult=[file=myfile.txt] Mult=[dblfile=myfile.dbl] Mult=[sngfile=mufile.sng] SeeURL:
http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/electricdss/index.php?title=TechNote_New_way s_to_import_loadshapes
40
ABasicScript(ClassExercise)
TR1 LINE1 1 Mile, 336 ACSR Sourcebus Sub_bus 12.47 kV LOAD1 1000 kW 0.95 PF
Source 115 kV
Loadbus
New Circuit.Simple
! Creates voltage source ISC3=3000
(Vsource.Source) ISC1=2500 !Define source V and Z
Edit Vsource.Source BasekV=115 pu=1.05
New Transformer.TR1 Buses=[SourceBus, Sub_Bus] Conns=[Delta Wye] kVs= [115 12.47] ~ kVAs=[20000 20000] XHL=10 New Linecode.336ACSR R1=0.058 X1=.1206 R0=.1784 X0=.4047 C1=3.4 C0=1.6 Units=kft New Line.LINE1 Bus1=Sub_Bus Bus2=LoadBus Linecode=336ACSR Length=1 Units=Mi New Load.LOAD1 Bus1=LoadBus kV=12.47 kW=1000 PF=.95 Solve Show Voltages Show Currents Show Powers kVA elements
41
Circuit
NewCircuit.Simple !(Vsource.Source isactivecircuitelement) EditVsource.Source BasekV=115pu=1.05ISC3=3000ISC1=2500
SourceBus
Vsource.Source
Source
115 kV, 1.05 pu
115
kV
Short Circuit Impedance (a matrix) that yields 3000A 3ph fault current and 2500A 1-ph fault current. One-Line Diagram (default is 3-phase wye-grd source)
42
Vsource ElementNote
Vsource isactuallyaTwo terminalDevice
2nd terminaldefaultsto connectedtoground(0V) Butyoucanconnectit betweenanytwobuses
Comesinhandysometimes
ConceptuallyaThevinen equivalent
Shortcircuitequivalent ConvertedtoaNorton equivalentinternally
43
20MVASubstationTransformer
TR1
SourceBus
Sub_Bus
Defining Using Arrays
Defining Winding by Winding
New Transformer.TR1 Phases=3 Windings=2 ~ Buses=[SourceBus, Sub_Bus] ~ Conns=[Delta Wye] ~ kVs= [115 12.47] ~ kVAs=[20000 20000] ~ XHL=10
New Transformer.TR1 Phases=3 Windings=2 XHL=10 ~ wdg=1 bus=SourceBus Conn=Delta kV=115 kVA=20000 ~ wdg=2 bus= Sub_Bus Conn=wye kV=12.47 kVA=20000
2 Ways to Define
44
TheLine
Sub_Bus
LINE 1 1 Mile, 336
LoadBus
New Linecode.336ACSR R1=0.058 X1=.1206 R0=.1784 X0=.4047 C1=3.4 C0=1.6 Units=kft New Line.LINE1 Bus1=Sub_Bus Bus2=LoadBus Linecode=336ACSR Length=1 Units=Mi
Line objects may also be defined by Geometries and using matrices
45
TheLoad
Loadbus
LOAD 1 1000 kW 0. 95 PF
New Load.LOAD1 Bus1=LoadBus kV=12.47 kW=1000 PF=.95 For 3-phase loads, use L-L kV and total kW For 1-phase loads, typically use L-N kV and total kW unless Delta-connected; Then use L-L kV.
46
ModelingBasics
CircuitElements,Buses,etc
DSSBusModel
2 3
Referring to Buses and Nodes Bus1=BusName.1.2.3.0 (This is the default for a 3-phase circuit element) Shorthand notation for taking the default Bus1=BusName Note: Sometimes this can bite you (e.g. Transformers, or capacitors with ungrounded neutrals)
48
DSSTerminalDefinition
1 Power Delivery or Power Conversion Element
49
PowerDeliveryElements (PDElements)
Terminal 1
Power Delivery Element
Terminal 2
Iterm = [Yprim] Vterm
50
PowerConversionElements (PCElements)
ITerm(t) = F(VTerm, [State], t)
F V
Power Conversion Element
51
SpecifyingBusConnections Shorthand(implicit)
NewLoad.LOAD1Bus1=LOADBUS Assumesstandard3phaseconnectionbydefault
LOADBUS
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LOAD
52
SpecifyingBusConnections Explicit
NewLoad.LOAD1Bus1=LOADBUS.1.2.3.0
LOADBUS
Explicitlydefineswhichnode
NewLoad.1PHASELOADPhases=1Bus1=LOADBUS.2.0
Connects1phaseloadtophase2andground
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1-ph Load connected to phase 2 LOAD
53
SpecifyingBusConnections DefaultBustemplates
Nodeconnectionsassumedifnotexplicitlydeclared
ElementdeclaredPhases=1
LOADBUS.1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
LOADBUS.1.2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
LOADBUS.1.2.3.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.
54
SpecifyingBusConnections UngroundedWye Specification

Bus1=LOADBUS.1.2.3.4 number) (orsomeotherunusedNode
LOADBUS
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LOAD
Neutral
55
SpecifyingTwoUngroundedWye CapacitorsonSameBus
MyBus
Bus1=MyBus.1.2.3 Bus2=MyBus.5.5.5
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Neutrals are not connected to each other!
Bus1=MyBus Bus2=MyBus.4.4.4
56
CircuitElementsareConnectedtogetherat theNodesofBuses
MyBus
Terminal 1 Power Delivery Element Terminal 2 Terminal 1 Power Delivery Element Terminal 2
3 2
Iterm = [Yprim] Vterm Iterm = [Yprim] Vterm
. . . Bus2 = MyBus.2.1.3.0 . . .
(Explicitly define connections)
. . . Bus1 = MyBus . . .
(take the default)
DSS Convention: A Terminal can be connected to only one Bus. You can have any number of Nodes at a bus.
57
Example:Connectionsfor1Phase ResidentialTransformer
! Line-to-Neutral Connected 1-phase Center-tapped transformer New Transformer.Example_1-ph phases=1 Windings=3 ! Typical impedances for small transformer with interlaced secondaries ~ Xhl=2.04 Xht=2.04 Xlt=1.36 %noloadloss=.2 ! Winding Definitions ~ wdg=1 Bus=Bus1.1.0 kV=7.2 kVA=25 %R=0.6 Conn=wye ~ wdg=2 Bus=Bus2.1.0 kV=0.12 kVA=25 %R=1.2 Conn=wye ~ Wdg=3 Bus=Bus2.0.2 kV=0.12 kVA=25 %R=1.2 Conn=wye
Bus 1 1 Bus 2 1 Wdg 2 Wdg 1 0 Wdg 3 0 or 2 2
Note: You may use XfmrCode to define a library of transformer definitions that are used repeatedly (like LineCode for Line elements)
Center-Tapped 1-Phase Transformer Model
58
AllTerminalsofaCircuitElementHave SameNumberofConductors
3-Phase Transformer
1
DELTA-WYE TRANSFORMER 3 PHASES 2 WINDINGS 4 CONDS/TERMINAL*
2 2
3 3
(OPEN) * MUST HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF CONDUCTORS FOR EACH TERMINAL
59
QuestionsIGet.
HowDoYouGetCurrentsandPowerIfYou OnlySolveforNodeVoltages?
Howarethebranchcurrents(andpowers)determined whenonlytheNodevoltagesandCompensation currentsareknown?
Currentsandpowersaredeterminedbypostprocessingthe solution IftheYmatrixisproperlyformed,thecurrentswillobey Kirchoffs currentlawatthenodes Ifconvergenceisachieved,thepowerswillbecorrect
61
ComputingCurrentsinBranchTerminals (Giventhevoltages)
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6
Yprim
(6 x 6)
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
62
PossibleSourceofError!
Ifthebranchisextremelyshort(impedanceisvery low),currentsmaybeincorrectlycomputed
Convergencetoleranceisgenerally0.0001pu Voltagesolutionwillbegoodenough
64bitmathisusedthroughoutgivingyouflexibility
However,ifvoltagesatbothendsofbrancharenearlythe same,youwillbetakingthedifferencebetweentwonearly equalnumbersandthemultiplyingitbyalargenumber (veryhighconductance)
Thiswillmagnifyanyerror
Donotuseimpracticallyshortbranches
63
WhereDoesOpenDSSincludeMutual Coupling?
ItALWAYSIncludesit!
AllcircuitelementmodelsprovidetheDSSexecutivewithan AdmittanceMATRIX
Thatis,everymodelimplicitlyhascoupledphases
Unitsonadmittancematrixareactualsiemens
Perunitsandpercentareusedforsomeinputandsomereports,but notforinternalmodel Fewerlimitationsontheproblemthatcanberepresented
64
PrimitiveYMatrix ASimpleExample
I1 R V1 V2 I2
Order of Yprim is Num Terminals * Num Conductors per Terminal
I 1 G I = G 2
G V 1 V G 2
G=R
65
Alittlemorecomplicated
I1 Z11 V3 M12 I4 I3 V1 I2
Z
Z22 V2
V4
Z=
Z11 M12
M12 Z22
I 1 V 1 I 2 1 1 Z V 2 = Z I 3 Z 1 Z 1 V 3 I 4 V 4
66
Yprim
YoucanobtainthePrimitiveYmatrixforeachelement anumberofways(afteraSolve) Dumpcommand
DumpDSSclass.name debug
Or,DumpDSSclass.*debug
Script
ShowYprim !Ofactiveelement ExportYprims !AllYprims
COMInterface
MyVariant =DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.Yprim
67
WhatKindofPowerFlowistheDSS?
TheDSSisnotatraditionalpowerflowaspower engineerstendtothinkofpowerflows
Aprogramwithasolutionmethodforfundamental frequencypowerflow
Itsheritageisharmonicsanalysisanddynamics analysis
Itisapowerflowinthesensethatyoucanmodelloads connectedtobusesandgetasolutionthatmatches traditionalpowerflowprogramsat50/60Hz
68
WhatKindofPowerFlowistheDSS?
TheNormal solutionmodeisafixedpointiterative solutionthatworksfinefor>90%ofdistribution systems
Issimpleandrelativelyfast,especiallyforannualsolutions
ThereisaNewton solutionmethodforcircuitsthat aredifficulttoconvergewiththeNormalmethod.

NottobeconfusedwiththetraditionalNewtonRaphson methodinpowerflowprograms TheJacobian istheYmatrix,whichisnotandexactJacobian, butpointsintherightdirection
Soitislikelytogetthereeventually
69
LoadandBuses
ThereisasubtledifferenceinthewaytheDSS treatsloadsthatisconfusingtotraditionally trainedpowerengineers: Insteadof
ABushasLoad
TheDSShas
ALoadhasaBus
Thelatterallowsconnectionofamultitudeof differentloadsandloadtypestothesamebus
70
Canitsolvenetworksystemsaswellas radial?
TheuseofthewordDistribution inthenameofthe programconjuresupideasofradialcircuitsolversin NorthAmerica(butnotnecessarilyinEurope) TheDSScircuitsolveriscompletelygeneralandhasno ideawhetherthecircuitisradialornot.
Thisisarequirementforharmonicsanalysisofdistribution systems
TheEnergyMeter classispresentlytheonlyclassthat caresaboutradiality.

71
WhereisthePVbustype?
BusesdonothavespecialtypesintheDSS
Busesaresimplyconnectionpointsforcircuitelements
AGeneratorcancontrol(orattemptto)powerand voltage
(Thismodelcanbecantankerous)
Thisquestionusuallyariseswithregardtomodeling DGondistributionsystems
Fortunately,oneseldomneedsthismodelunlesstheDGis quitelargewithrespecttosystemcapacity MostotherDGiscontrolledbyPowerandPowerFactor whileinterconnected
Simplertomodel
72
Examples
StorageExample
Scriptfor75kWhSimulation
CompileC:\DSSdata\Wes\Colfax\Master.DSS RedirectAllocateLoadsandMeters.DSS BusCoords colfax21_EXP_BUSCOORDS.CSV BusCoords buscoordsCES.DSS !COORDINATESOFCESLOCATIONS Setmaxcontroliter=20 !******ADDSTORAGE*************************** redirectCES.DSS RedirectSet_For_75kWh.DSS !DEFINESTORAGECONTROLLER NewStorageController.CESmain element=line.568_4921721terminal=1 ~kWTarget=7500PFTarget=0.98 ~%ratecharge=30 ~eventlog=y ~modedischarge=follow !SPECIALMONITORS Newmonitor.Store Storage.jo02110001731mode=1ppolar=no Newmonitor.StoreVars Storage.jo02110001731mode=3 solve SetCasename=StorageOn75 redirectannualscript.dss !************************************************************************* showmon store showmon storevars fileedit C:\DSSdata\Wes\Colfax\StorageOn75\DI_yr_1\feeder.csv
Controller Definition
75
Load Shapes With and Without Storage 8000 kW Trigger, 75 kWh Storage, 20% charge @ 2AM
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 180 200 220 240 Hours
Simple PeakShave Mode
"kWh Normal" "kWh"
kW
260
280
300
76
Load Shapes With and Without Storage Variable Trigger, 75 kWh Storage, 30% charge @ 2AM
10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 100 200 Hours
"kWh Normal" "kWh"
kW
Variable Triggering Simulation Assumes a Controller that can accurately predict daily load and know when to trigger.
300 400 500
77
OpenDSSScriptforVariableTriggering ExampleonPreviousSlide
!DOPARTOFAYEARINYEARLYMODE setmode=yearlystepsize=0.25h Setoverloadreport=true!TURNOVERLOADREPORTON setvoltexceptionreport =true setdemand=true setDIVerbose=true SetYear=1 solvenumber=760 StorageController.CESmain.kWtarget=8000 solvenumber=120 StorageController.CESmain.kWtarget=7500 solvenumber=96 StorageController.CESmain.kWtarget=7000 solvenumber=472 StorageController.CESmain.kWtarget=7500 solvenumber=200 StorageController.CESmain.kWtarget=7000 solvenumber=(2784200 472 96 120 760)!Balanceof2784 closeDI
78
Example: IEEE8500Node TestFeeder
Location
80
MainPartofRunFile
Compile (C:\DSSdata\IEEETest\8500Node\Master-unbal.dss)
! unbalanced load master
New Energymeter.m1 Line.ln5815900-1 1
! Put an Energymeter at the head of the feeder
Set Maxiterations=20
! Sometimes the solution takes more than the default 15 iterations
Solve
81
TheMasterFile
Clear NewCircuit.IEEE8500u !Makethesourcestiffwithsmallimpedance ~pu=1.05r1=0x1=0.001r0=0x0=0.001 RedirectLineCodes2.dss RedirectTriplex_Linecodes.dss RedirectLines.dss RedirectTransformers.dss RedirectLoadXfmrs.dss !LoadTransformers RedirectTriplex_Lines.dss RedirectUnbalancedLoads.dss RedirectCapacitors.dss RedirectCapControls.dss RedirectRegulators.dss !LetDSSestimatethevoltagebases Setvoltagebases=[115,12.47,0.48,0.208] Calcvoltagebases !Thisalsoestablishesthebuslist !Loadinbuscoordinatesnowthatbuslistisestablished Buscoords Buscoords.dss
82
SolutionSummary
Status=SOLVED SolutionMode=Snap Number=100 LoadMult =1.000 Devices=7281 Buses=4876 Nodes=8561 ControlMode=STATIC TotalIterations=62 ControlIterations=5 MaxSolIter =16 CircuitSummary Year=0 Hour=0 Maxpu.voltage=1.05 Minpu.voltage=0.91084 TotalActivePower:12.0452MW TotalReactivePower:1.44513Mvar TotalActiveLosses:1.27202MW,(10.56%) TotalReactiveLosses:2.8252Mvar Frequency=60Hz Mode=Snap ControlMode=STATIC LoadModel=PowerFlow
83
PowerFlowSolutionPlot
Plot Circuit Power Max=2000 dots=n labels=n subs=y C1=$00FF0000 1ph=3
84
SelectingaBranchfromthePlot(Zoomed)
85
RightclickandselectProperties
86
Exercisethe8500NodeTestFeeder
(ClassDemo)
DistributedWindApplicationExample
DistributedWindApplication
OpenDSSapplication
Timeseriesload/generationrepresentation Inductionmachinemodeling Windturbinegeneratorvar control
Mechanicallyswitchedcapacitors Constantpowerfactor Voltagecontrol
Regulatorinteraction
89
Oneline Diagram
115kV/12.47kV
600 kvar
66 kW 1.8 Mvar 1.2 Mvar 74 kW 56 kW 1.9 MW 3.5 MW
12.47kV/480V
2x1.8MW wind turbines
90
CircuitDefinition
91
WindTimeSeries
WTG Output
P (kW) 4000 3500 3000 2500 kW,kvar 2000 1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 0 6 12 Hour 18 24 Q (kvar)
92
WindPlantImplementation
93
WTGType1,2:CapacitorBankVar Control
Utility Grid
Gearbox
Shaft Speed
Blades
Wound Rotor Induction Machine
Switched Capacitor Banks
Converter
94
CapacitorControlResults
WTG Output
P (kW) 4000 3500 3000 2500 kW,kvar 2000 1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 0 6 12 Hour 18 24
Vpu, tap 1 1.02 1.04
Q (kvar)
WTG Voltage
Regulator Tap
0.98
0.96
WTG Capacitors
0 -200 -400 -600 -800
kvar
Cap (kvar)
0.94 0 6 12 Hour 18 24
-1000 -1200 -1400 -1600 -1800 -2000 0 5 10

Hour
15
20
95
WTGType3,4:Active PowerFactor Control

1.2
P, Q (stator)
750 kW woundrotor induction generator
Gearbox
1 Reactive Power Range Active Power (per-unit)
Shaft Speed
P (rotor/converter)
Blades
0.8
Power Converter (line side)
Power Converter (machine side)
0.6
0.4
WTG1 WTG2
Switch Control
iabc(rotor)
Pgen ,Qgen
i*abc(rotor)
Rotor Current Computation Torque Computation
0.2
WTG3
T*
0
Lookup Table (T vs. )
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0 Reactive Power (per-unit)
0.2
0.4
0.6
96
PowerFactorControl
WTG Output
P1 (kW) 4000 3000
1.05
Q1 (kvar)
WTG Voltage and Regulator Tap
2000 kW,kvar
1.04
1000 0
Vpu,tap
1.03 1.02 1.01 1 0.99
WTG Voltage Regulator Tap
-1000 -2000 0 6 12 Hour 18
24
0.98 0.97 0.96 0 6 12
Hour
18
24
97
WTGType3,4:VoltageControl
WTG Voltage 1.05
1.03
1.01
0.99
0.97
0.95 0 6 12 18 24
Regulator has no tap operations!!!

98
AdvancedTopics
RegisteringtheCOMServer
InDOSwindow,changetothefolderwhere youinstalleditandtype:
Regsvr32OpenDSSEngine.DLL
GUID
The Server shows up as OpenDSSEngine.DSS in the Windows Registry
100
RegisteringtheCOMServer,contd
If you look up the GUID
Points to OpenDSSEngine.DLL (In-process server, Apartment Threading model)
101
AccessingtheCOMServer
InMATLAB:
DSSobj = actxserver(OpenDSSEngine.DSS);
InVBA:
Public DSSobj As OpenDSSEngine.DSS Set DSSobj = New OpenDSSEngine.DSS
InPYTHON:
self.engine = win32com.client.Dispatch("OpenDSSEngine.DSS")
102
DGScreener Applet
UsingtheOpenDSSViatheCOM Server
DGScreener(Demo)
DevelopedforEPRIProgram174
Availabletofunders Funderscandownloadtheinstallationpackage
Nextversionplannedfor2011
Expectinguserstotryitoutandsuggestchanges EspeciallyCanadianusers
ConcernsaredifferentthanUSusers
104
AppletArchitecture
Main Interfaces Used
DSS Text DR Screening Applet Circuit Solution DSSProgress OpenDSSEngine
DSSGraph.DLL
IndMach012a.DLL
Plot
Scripts, Results
105
DrivingtheOpenDSSviatheCOM ServerfromanotherApplication
Activeobjectsconcept
ThereisoneregisteredInProcessCOM interface:
OpenDSSEngine.DSS
Thatis,theDSSinterfaceistheoneyouinstantiate TheDSSinterfacecreatesalltheothers.
Theinterfacesgenerallyemploytheideaofan ACTIVEobject
Activecircuit, Activecircuitelement, Activebus,etc. Theinterfacesgenerallypointtotheactiveobject
Toworkwithanotherobject,changetheactiveobject.
107
DSSInterface
This interface is instantiated upon loading OpenDSSEngine.DSS and then instantiates all other interfaces
Call the Start(0) method to initialize the DSS
DSS Class Functions (methods) and Properties
108
InstantiatetheDSSInterface andAttemptaStart
Public Sub StartDSS()
' Create a new instance of the DSS Set DSSobj = New OpenDSSengine.DSS ' Start the DSS If Not DSSobj.Start(0) Then MsgBox "DSS Failed to Start" Else MsgBox "DSS Started successfully ' Assign a variable to the Text interface for easier access Set DSSText = DSSobj.Text End If
End Sub
109
COMInterface
Interfaces as Exposed by VBA Object Browser in MS Excel
Text interface is simplest
Text has two Properties
110
AssignaVariabletotheTextInterface
Public Sub StartDSS()
' Create a new instance of the DSS Set DSSobj = New OpenDSSengine.DSS ' Start the DSS If Not DSSobj.Start(0) Then MsgBox "DSS Failed to Start" Else MsgBox "DSS Started successfully ' Assign a variable to the Text interface for easier access Set DSSText = DSSobj.Text End If
End Sub
111
NowUsetheTextInterface
YoucanissueanyoftheDSSscriptcommands fromtheTextinterface
Always a good idea to clear the DSS when loading a new circuit DSSText.Command = "clear" ' Compile the script in the file listed under "fname" cell on the main form DSSText.Command = "compile " + fname Set regulator tap change limits for IEEE 123 bus test case With DSSText .Command = "RegControl.creg1a.maxtapchange=1 This one moves first" .Command = "RegControl.creg2a.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "RegControl.creg3a.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "RegControl.creg4a.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "RegControl.creg3c.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "RegControl.creg4b.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "RegControl.creg4c.maxtapchange=1 .Command = "Set MaxControlIter=30" End With Delay=15 Delay=30 Delay=30 Delay=30 Delay=30 Delay=30 Delay=30 !Allow only one tap change per solution. !Allow only one tap change per solution" !Allow only one tap change per solution" !Allow only one tap change per solution" !Allow only one tap change per solution" !Allow only one tap change per solution" !Allow only one tap change per solution"
112
ResultProperty
TheResultpropertyisaReadOnlypropertythat containsanyresultmessagesthemostrecent commandmayhaveissued.
Errormessages Requestedvalues
Example: Query line length DSSText.Command = ? Line.L1.Length S = DSSText.Result MsgBox S Get the answer
Display the answer
113
CircuitInterface
This interface is used to 1) Get many of the results for the most recent solution of the circuit 2) Select individual circuit elements in a variety of ways 3) Select the active bus 4) Enable/Disable circuit elements
114
CircuitInterface
Since the Circuit interface is used often, it is recommended that a special variable be assigned to it:
Public DSSCircuit As OpenDSSengine.Circuit DSSText.Command = Compile xxxx.dss Set DSSCircuit = DSSobj.ActiveCircuit DSSCircuit.Solution.Solve Retrieving array quantities into variants
V = DSSCircuit.AllBusVmagPu VL =DSSCircuit.AllElementLosses
115
SolutionInterface
The Solution Interface is used to 1) Execute a solution 2) Set the solution mode 3) Set solution parameters (iterations, control iterations, etc.) 4) Set the time and time step size
116
SolutionInterface
Assuming the existence of a DSSCircuit variable referencing the Circuit interface
Set DSSSolution = DSSCircuit.Solution With DSSSolution .LoadModel=dssAdmittance .dblHour = 750.75 .solve
Use the With statement in VBA to simplify coding
End With
117
CktElement Interface
This interface provides specific values of the Active Circuit Element Some values are returned as variant arrays
V = DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.Powers V = DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.seqCurrents V = DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.Yprim
Other values are scalars

Name = DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.Name Nph = DSSCircuit.ActiveElement.NumPhases
118
PropertiesInterface
This interface gives access to a String value of each public property of the active element Val is a read/write property
119
PropertiesInterface
With DSSCircuit.ActiveElement Get all the property names VS = .AllPropertyNames Get a property value by numeric index V = .Properties(2).Val Get same property value by name (VS is 0 based) V = .Properties(VS(1)).Val Set Property Value by Name DSSCircuit.SetActiveElement(Line.L1) .Properties(R1).Val = .068 End With
The last two statements are equivalent to: DSSText.Command = Line.L1.R1=.068

120
LinesInterface
This interface is provided to iterate through all the lines in the circuit and change the most common properties of Lines.
121
Example:SettingallLineCodes toaValue
Set DSSLines = DSSCircuit.Lines . . . sets active
iL = DSSLines.First Do While iL>0
DSSLines.LineCode = MyNewLineCode iL = DSSLines.Next Loop get next line
122
VBAExample
OptionExplicit PublicDSSobj AsOpenDSSengine.DSS PublicDSSText AsOpenDSSengine.Text PublicDSSCircuit AsOpenDSSengine.Circuit PublicSubStartDSS() 'CreateanewinstanceoftheDSS SetDSSobj =NewOpenDSSengine.DSS 'AssignavariabletotheTextinterfacefor easieraccess SetDSSText =DSSobj.Text 'StarttheDSS IfNotDSSobj.Start(0)ThenMsgBox "DSS FailedtoStart" EndSub Define some public variables that are used throughout the project
This routine instantiates the DSS and starts it. It is also a good idea at this time to assign the text interface variable.
123
VBAExample
PublicSubLoadCircuit(fname AsString) 'AlwaysagoodideatocleartheDSSwhenloadinganew circuit DSSText.Command ="clear" 'Compilethescriptinthefilelistedunder"fname"cellon themainform DSSText.Command ="compile"+fname 'TheCompilecommandsetsthecurrentdirectorythe thatofthefile 'Thats wherealltheresultfileswillendup. 'AssignavariabletotheCircuitinterfaceforeasieraccess SetDSSCircuit =DSSobj.ActiveCircuit EndSub This subroutine loads the circuit from the base script files using the Compile command through the Text interface. fname is a string contains the name of the master file. There is an active circuit now, so assign the DSSCircuit variable.
124
VBAExample
PublicSubLoadSeqVoltages() 'ThisSubloadsthesequencevoltagesontoSheet1startinginRow2 DimDSSBus AsOpenDSSengine.Bus DimiRow AsLong,iCol AsLong,iAsLong,jAsLong DimVAsVariant DimWorkingSheet AsWorksheet SetWorkingSheet =Sheet1'settoSheet1(targetsheet) iRow =2 Fori=1ToDSSCircuit.NumBuses 'Cyclethroughallbuses SetDSSBus =DSSCircuit.Buses(i)'Setith busactive 'BusnamegoesintoColumn1 WorkingSheet.Cells(iRow,1).Value=DSSCircuit.ActiveBus.Name 'Loadsequencevoltagemagnitudesofactivebusintovariantarray V=DSSBus.SeqVoltages 'PutthevariantarrayvaluesintoCells 'UseLbound andUBound becauseyoudon'tknowtheactualrange iCol =2 Forj=LBound(V)ToUBound(V) WorkingSheet.Cells(iRow,iCol).Value =V(j) iCol =iCol +1 Nextj iRow =iRow +1 Nexti
4th EndSub International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources
This Sub puts the sequence voltage onto a spreadsheet Define a variable for the Bus interface Define a variant to pick up the arrays Cycle through all the buses Get the bus name
Get the voltages into the variant array Put them on the spreadsheet
125
RunningOpenDSSFromMatlab
StartingtheDSS
%Start up the DSS [DSSStartOK, DSSObj, DSSText] = DSSStartup;
function [Start,Obj,Text] = DSSStartup % Function for starting up the DSS % %instantiate the DSS Object Obj = actxserver('OpenDSSEngine.DSS'); % %Start the DSS. %Matlab session Start = Obj.Start(0); Only needs to be executed the first time w/in a
% Define the text interface to return Text = Obj.Text;
126
UsingtheDSSthroughtheDSSText Interface fromMatlab (harmonicsexample)

%Compile the DSS circuit script DSSText.Command = 'compile master.dss'; % get an interface to the active circuit called "DSSCircuit" DSSCircuit = DSSObj.ActiveCircuit; %Determine which connection type for the source and call %appropriate DSS file switch XFMRType case 1 DSSText.Command = 'redirect directconnectsource.DSS'; case 2 DSSText.Command = 'redirect deltadelta.DSS'; case 3 DSSText.Command = 'redirect deltawye.DSS'; otherwise disp('Unknown source Connection Type') end %Set the system frequency and vsource frequency for harmonic requested DSSText.Command = ['set frequency=(' num2str(Freq) ' 60 *)']; DSSText.Command = ['vsource.source.frequency=(' num2str(Freq) ' 60 *)'];
127
UsingtheDSSthroughtheDSSText Interface fromMatlab (harmonicsexample)(contd)

% Vary the parameters according to a random distribution % If more parameters need to be varied, just add them to the below % list. Set ParamNum to total number of parameters varied %ParamNum used for sorting/plotting
ParamNum = 6;
for Case_Count = 1:Max_Cases %Create index in the OutputData matrix to keep the cases in order OutputData(Case_Count,1) = Case_Count; % Generate random new coordinates for each conductor [x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 geomean] = RandomGeometry(8,0.75,30); (... etc. etc. ) %define a new line geometry with random spacing DSSText.Command = ['New LineGeometry.OHMOD nconds=3 nphases=3 cond=1 wire=acsr336 num2str(x1) ' ' num2str(y1) ' units=ft cond=2 wire=acsr336 x=' num2str(x2) ' num2str(y2) ' units=ft cond=3 wire=acsr336 x=' num2str(x3) ' ' num2str(y3) ' units=ft']; %Solve the circuit DSSText.Command = 'solve'; x=' '
(etc. etc.)
128
PowerFlowSolutionBasics
SolvingthePowerFlow
Oncethecircuitmodelisconnectedproperlythenextstepisto solve thebasepowerflow PowerConversionelements(PCelements)areoftennonlinear LoadareconvertedtoaNortonequivalentbasedonnominal 100%ratedvoltage.
Currentsourceiscompensationcurrent
Afixedpointsolutionalgorithmisemployedformostsolutions Thismethodallowsforflexibleloadmodelsandisfairlyrobust formostdistributionsystems
130
SolvingthePowerFlow,contd
Thissolutionmethodrequiresthatthefirstguessatthevoltages beclosetothefinalsolution
Notaproblemfordailyoryearlysimulations Firstsolutionisoftenmostdifficult
ThesolutioninitializationroutineinOpenDSSaccomplishesthis inmostcases Methodworkswellforarbitraryunbalances Forconditionsthataresensitive,aNewtonmethodisprovided thatismorerobust,butslower.
131
Load(aPCElement)
General Concept
Added into Injection Current Vector
Yprim
(One-Line Diagram)
Compensation Current
Goes into System Y Matrix
Most Power Conversion (PC) Elements are Modeled Like This
132
Load 3phaseYconnected
Phase 1
Yprim
1 2 3
Yprim
Phase 2
4 Conductors/Terminal 4
Yprim
Phase 3
133
Load 3phaseDeltaconnected
Phase 1
Yprim
2
Yprim
3
Phase 2
3 Conductors/Terminal
Yprim
Phase 3
134
PuttingitAllTogether
ALL Elements Yprim 1 PC Elements Comp. Currents I1 I2 Yprim 2 Yprim 3 Yprim n
Iinj
Node Voltages
Im Iteration Loop
135
PuttingitAllTogether
ALL Elements Yprim 1 PC Elements Comp. Currents I1 I2 Yprim 2 Yprim 3 Yprim n
Iinj
Node Voltages
Im Iteration Loop
136
SolutionSpeed
Distributionsystemsgenerallyconvergeverywell
Manytransmissionsystems,also
TheOpenDSSprogramseemstobeonparwiththe fastercommercialprograms Solutionmethodisdesignedtorunannualsimulations Ourphilosophy:

Erronthesideofrunningmorepowerflowsimulations
Dontworryaboutthesolutiontimeuntilitprovestobeaproblem Thisrevealsmoreinformationabouttheproblem
137
References
OpenDSSTechNotes: http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/electricdss/index.php?title=List_of_DSS_tech _notes OpenDSSForum: http://sourceforge.net/projects/electricdss/forums/forum/861976 FrequentlyAskedQuestions: http://www.rogerdugan.com/OpenDSS/sourceforgelinks.html MainDocumentationArea: http://electricdss.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/electricdss/Doc/
138

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Toencouragenewadvancementsindistribution systemanalysis Topromotegridmodernization/SmartGrideffortsby providingresearchersandconsultantswithatoolto evaluateadvancedconcepts ExpandthepoolofSmartGridtechnologyresources availabletoEPRImembers

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Inf. Bus (Voltage, Angle)

Power Delivery System

Comm Msg Queue 2

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Capacity Gain for 2 MW CHP

4000 3000 2000 1000 0 150

Broad Summer Peaking System

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12

4000 kvar 3500

1000 Reactive Power, kvar

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Impact on Feeder Voltage

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Peak Load Week

Light Load Week

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Active and Reactive Power

Feeder Voltage and Regulator Tap Changes

1.02 1.01 1.00 0.99 0.98

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Broadband Driving Point Admittance

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

This is a Release Version

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

AccessingtheSourceForge.Net SourceCode RepositorywithTortoiseSVN

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Multiple script windows

Any script window may be used at any time.

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Select all or part of a line

Right-Click to get this pop-up menu

Main Simulation Engine

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

PDElement Line Transformer Capacitor Reactor

PCElement Load Generator Vsource Isource Storage

Controls RegControl CapControl Relay Reclose Fuse

Meters Monitor EnergyMeter Sensor

General LineCode LineGeometry WireData LoadShape GrowthShape Spectrum TCCcurve XfmrCode

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Object n Property Values Methods Yprim States

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources

Scriptsdefinecircuits Scriptscontrolsolutionofcircuits Scriptsspecifyoutput,etc.

4th International Conference on Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources