Human Nervous System

Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System Adrenergic System Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine Parasympathetic Nervous System Cholinergic System Neurotransmitter: Acetylcholine

Adrenergic System
Receptor Agonist potency order Selected action of agonist causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels of: (Alpha-1 blockers) the skin, Alfuzosin gastrointestinal system, kidney (renal artery) brain causes contraction in: Norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoprenaline ureter vas deferens hair (arrector pili muscles) uterus (when pregnant) urethral sphincter bronchioles (although minor to the relaxing effect of 2 receptor on bronchioles) blood vessels of ciliary body (stimulation causes mydriasis) Doxazosin (Alpha-1 agonists) Phenoxybenzamine Noradrenaline Phentolamine Phenylephrine Prazosin Methoxamine Tamsulosin Cirazoline Terazosin Xylometazoline (TCA:s) Epinephrine Amitriptyline Isoprenaline Clomipramine Doxepin Trimipramine Agonists Antagonists

Alpha 1

Causes: Glycogenolysis from adipose tissue and liver Gluconeogenesis from adipose tissue and liver Secretions from sweat glands Na+ reabsorption from kidney (Alpha-2 agonists) Dexmedetomidine Medetomidine Romifidine (Alpha-2 blockers) Clonidine Phentolamine Brimonidine Yohimbine Detomidine Idazoxan Lofexidine Atipamezole Xylazine Negative feedback in the neuronal synapses presynaptic inhibition of noradrenalin release in CNS Increased thrombocyte aggregation Tizanidine Guanfacine Amitraz

Causes: Smooth muscle contraction Neurotransmitter inhibition Cardiac muscle relaxation Inhibition of insulin release in the pancreas Alpha 2 Epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoprenaline Induction of glucagon release from the pancreas. Contraction of sphincters of the gastrointestinal tract

Beta 1

Isoprenaline, epinephrine,

Causes:

Beta 1 Agonists

(Beta blockers)

norepinephrine

Increase cardiac output Increased HR (positive chronotropic effect) Increased impulse conduction (positive dromotropic effect) Increasing contraction (positive inotropic effect) Increased ejection fraction Increase renin secretion from renal juxtaglomerular Increase gastric ghrelin secretion Causes: Smooth muscle relaxation Lipolysis in adipose tissue Anabolism in skeletal muscle

Noradrenaline Isoprenaline Dobutamine

Metoprolol Atenolol

Beta 2 Agonists onset duration

Albuterol Immediate 5-20 min (Beta blockers) Bitolterol mesylate Butoxamine 25 min 6-8 hr Propranolol

Beta 2

Isoprenaline, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Relax non-pregnant uterus Relax detrusor urinae muscle of bladder wall Dilate arteries to skeletal muscle Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis Decrease insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas Formoterol 12 hr

Contract sphincters of GI tract Thickened secretions from salivary glands Inhibit histamine-release from mast cells Increase renin secretion from kidney Relaxation of Bronchioles

Isoprenaline

Levalbuterol

Metaproterenol

Salmeterol 12 hr

Terbutaline 15 min 6 hr

Ritodrine

Beta 3

Isoprenaline, norepinephrine, epinephrine

Beta 3 Agonists Enhance Lipolysis L-796568 Cause tremors Amibegron SR 59230A

Solabegron