Materials The proper material is critical for maximum performance.

DKI utilizes a wide range of superior performance materials for every conceivable application. Material class and type details HYDROGENATED FLUOROCARBON NITRILE SILICONE STYRENE BUTADIENE PTFE Filled PSU PVDF PVC ETHYLENEPROPYLENE NATURAL FLUOROSILICONE RUBBER ETHYLENE POLYACRYLATE ACRYLIC ACETAL NYLON PPSU PEI E-CTFE PPE

NITRILE POLYURETHANE NEOPRENE Virgin PTFE PEEK PET PE-UHMW

NITRILE Rubber (NBR, Buna-N, Nitrile) Temperature Range (dry heat) Nitrile is the most widely used elastomer in the low high seal industry. The popularity of nitrile is due to its -22 F 212 F excellent resistance to petroleum products. It has -30 C 100 C good physical properties and is superior to most Application Advantages rubbers in regards to compression set, tear and >excellent compression set abrasion resistance. It offers high resistance to mineral oil based hydraulic fluids, silicone greases, >good tear resistance >good abrasion resistance petroleum-based oils, water and alcohols. The major limiting properties of nitrile are its poor >good petroleum-based oils resistance >good mineral oil based hydraulic fluids ozone and weather resistance and moderate heat resistance, but in many applications these are not resistance >good solvent, water and alcohols limiting factors. resistance Primary Uses Application Disadvantages Pneumatic seals, O-Rings, Oil seal lips, Gaskets, Washer and low pressure hydraulic seals. It can be used with a back-up ring in higher pressure poor weather resistance applications. This is the most popular o-ring moderate heat resistance material and custom molded rubber components not suited for using in brake fluids for: Not suited for using in highly polar Oil resistant applications solvents Low temperature applications Fuel systems, automotive, marine, and aircraft

General Industrial Use

HYDROGENATED NITRILE (HNBR) Temperature Range (dry heat) low high HNBR is achieved by hydrogenated NBR. Greatly -22 F 300 F improved wear and extrusion resistance over -30 C 149 C standard NBR. Good chemical compatibility and it Application Advantages is excellent heat and oil resistant including exposure to such oil additives as detergents, anti- > excellent heat and oil resistance oxidants and anti-wear agents. It also shows a up >improved fuel and ozone resistance (approximately 5X over Nitrile) to five times higher resistance to sour gas and >excellent abrasion, compression set, ozone resistance. Has an extended high tensiles, and tear properties temperature range. >exhibit better wear resistance than standard nitrile Primary Uses Application Disadvantages increased cold flow with hydrogenation Seal and gasket application requiring additional decreased elasticity at low temperatures resistance to chemicals and slightly higher with temperatures than can be handled with NBR. OHydrogenation over standard nitrile Rings, washers, rod and piston seals, back-up Not use for exposure to ketone, esters, rings, gaskets. aromatic fluids

FLUOROCARBON (FKMViton) An excellent elastomer for use in high temperature Temperature Range (dry heat) applications. Also exhibits excellent chemical low high resistance, commonly referred as VITON or FKM. -4 F 392 F Fluorocarbon exhibits resistance to a broader range -20 C 200 C of chemicals combined with very good high Application Advantages temperature properties more so than any of the other elastomers. It is the closest available approach to a universal elastomer for sealing in the use of o-rings and other custom seals over other types of elastomers. Fluorocarbons are highly resistant to swelling when exposed to gasoline as well as resistant to degradation due to expose to UV light and ozone. In addition to standard FKM materials, a number of special materials are available with differing >excellent chemical resistance >excellent heat resistance >good mechanical properties >good compression set resistance >Resistance to wide range of oils and solvents; specially all aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, acids, animal and vegetable oils

monomer compositions and fluorine content (65% to 71%) for improved low temperature, high temperature, or chemical resistance performance. Fluorocarbons exhibit low gas permeability making them well suited for hard vacuum service and many formulations are self-extinguishing. FKM materials are not generally recommended for exposure to hot water, steam, polar solvents, low molecular weight esters and ethers, glycol based brake fluids, or hot hydrofluoric or chlorosulfonic acids. Primary Uses O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber components for: Automotive fuel handling Aircraft engine seals High temperature applications requiring good compression set performance Tough sealing applications requiring extreme chemical resistance General industrial seals and gaskets

Application Disadvantages poor low temperature flexibility poor resistance to hot water and steam not recommended for exposure to hot water, steam, polar solvents, low molecular weight esters and ethers, glycol based brake fluids, or hot hydrofluoric or chlorosulfonic acids.

ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE (EPDM) Ethylene-propylene compounds are used Temperature Range (dry heat) frequently to seal in brake systems, and for sealing low high hot water and steam. Ethylene propylene -40 F 302 F compounds have good resistance to mild acids, -40 C 150 C detergents, alkalis, silicone oils and greases, ketones, and alcohols. They are not recommended Application Advantages for applications with petroleum oils, mineral oil, di-ester lubricants, or fuel exposure. Ethylene Propylene has gained wide seal industry acceptance for its excellent ozone and chemical resistance properties and is compatible with many polar fluids that adversely affect other elastomers. EPDM compounds are typically developed with a sulfur or peroxide cure system. Peroxide-cured compounds are suitable for higher temperature exposure and typically have improved compression set performance. Primary Uses standard and special sealing applications as hydraulic or rotary seal, O-rings, flange seals and >exceptionally good weather aging and ozone >resistance >excellent water and chemical resistance >excellent resistance to gas permeability and >aging due to exposure to steam >good in ketones and Alcohols >good heat resistance >good low temperature flexibility Application Disadvantages poor petroleum oil and solvent resistance

gaskets Water system seals, faucets, etc. Brake systems Ozone exposure applications Automotive cooling systems General Industrial Use

not recommended for food applications not recommended for exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons

POLYURETHANE (AU) (EU) Millable polyurethane exhibits excellent abrasion Temperature Range (dry heat) resistance and tensile strength as compared to other low high elastomers providing superior performance in -22 F 230 F hydraulic applications with high pressures, -30 C 110 C abrasive contamination and shock loads. Application Advantages Its outstanding features are high resistance to abrasion, low compression set, high rigidity and high tear strength. Polyurethane is used in industrial hydraulic systems (lip seals, chevron packings, wipers, rod seals, piston seals, O-rings and special seals), where improved performance and service life is important. It is resistant to petroleum oils, hydrocarbon fuels, ozone and weathering is good. Primary Uses Static and dynamic seals (standard and special), wiper, O-rings, back-up rings, flange seals, rotary seals: seals for high hydraulic pressure highly stressed parts subject to wear > excellent abrasion resistance >excellent tensile strength and high rigidity >low compression set >good resistance to petroleum oils and hydrocarbon fuels >good weather and ozone resistance Application Disadvantages poor resistance to water poor high temperature capabilities

SILICONE (VMQ) Silicone is a semi-organic elastomer with Temperature Range (dry heat) outstanding resistance to extremes of temperature low high with corresponding resistance to compression set -78 F 392 F and retention of flexibility. Silicone elastomers -60 C 200 C also have excellent weathering, ozone and aging Application Advantages properties. Silicone rubbers have poor mechanical properties > excellent extreme temperature properties and abrasion resistance and are therefore mainly >excellent compression set resistance used for static sealing applications and are not recommended for dynamic applications. Silicones and good resilience

are highly permeable to gases, and are generally not recommended for exposure to ketones, concentrated acids, or steam.

>moderate solvent resistance >highly resistance to oxidation and ozone attack very clean, low odor and taste Primary Uses Application Disadvantages O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber typically not good for dynamic seals components for: due to friction properties and poor seals (static) for extreme temperature applications abrasion resistance food applications not recommended for most concentrated medical devices solvents, oils, concentrated acids and FDA applications dilute sodium hydroxide

FLUOROSILICONE (FVMQ) Fluorosilicone rubber which combines the good Temperature Range (dry heat) high and low temperature stability of Silicone with low high the fuel oil and solvent resistance of -78 F 347 F Fluorocarbons. It is most often used in aerospace -60 C 175 C applications for systems requiring fuel and/or diester-based lubricant resistance up to a dry heat Application Advantages limit of 400 F. Its features good compression set and resilience properties. It is suitable for exposure to air, ozone, chlorinated and aromatic >excellent extreme temperature hydrocarbons. properties >excellent compression set resistance Fluorosilicone is designed for static sealing use. and good >resilience Because of its limited physical strength, poor >good fuel oil resistance abrasion resistance and high friction characteristics. Fluorosilicone is not recommended >very clean, low odor and taste for dynamic sealing applications. It is also not recommended for exposure to brake fluides, hydrazine, or ketones Primary Uses Application Disadvantages typically not good for dynamic seals O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber due to friction properties and poor components for: abrasion resistance seals (static) for extreme temperature applications not recommended for exposure to brake aircraft fuel systems fluides, hydrazine, or ketones

NATURAL RUBBER (NR) Natural rubber is a product coagulated from the Temperature Range (dry heat)

latex of the rubber tree, hevea brasiliensis. Natural low high rubber features low compression set, high tensile -60 F 220 F strength, resilience, abrasion and tear resistance, -51 C 104 C good friction characteristics, excellent bonding Application Advantages capabilities to metal substrate, and good vibration > excellence compression set dampening characteristics >good resilience and abrasion >good surface friction properties >high tear strength >low crack growth >good low temperature properties Primary Uses Application Disadvantages O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber components for: poor resistance to attack by petroleum rubber to metal bonded vibration isolators and oils mounts poor ozone, UV resistance automotive diaphragms FDA applications for food and beverage seals

NEOPRENE / CHLOROPRENE (CR) Neoprene homopolymer of chlorobutadiene and is Temperature Range (dry heat) unusual in that it is moderately resistant to both low high petroleum oils and weather (ozone, UV, oxygen). -40 F 250 F This qualifies neoprene uniquely for certain sealing -40 C 121 C applications where many other materials would not be satisfactory. Neoprene is classified as a general Application Advantages purpose elastomer which has relatively low compression set, good resilience and abrasion, and is flex cracking resistant. Neoprene has excellent adhesion qualities to metals for rubber to metal bonding applications. It is used extensively for sealing refrigeration fluids due to its excellence resistance to Freon and ammonia. Primary Uses O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber components for: refrigeration industry applications general purpose seals, hose and wire >high resilience with low compression set >moderate resistance to petroleum oils >good resistance to ozone, UV, oxygen >excellence resistance to Freon and ammonia Application Disadvantages moderate water resistance not effective in solvents environments

STYRENE BUTADIENE (SBR) Styrene-Butadiene (SBR) is a copolymer of Temperature Range (dry heat) styrene and butadiene. low high SBR compounds have properties similar to those -50 F 212 F of natural rubber. SBRs primary custom molded -46 C 100 C application is the use in hydraulic brakes system Application Advantages seals and diaphragms, with the major of the >good resistance to brake fluids industry usage coming from the Tire Industry. SBR features excellent resistance to brake fluids, >good resistance to water >low cost non-oil resistance material and good water resistance. Primary Uses Application Disadvantages O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber >poor weather resistance components for: >poor petroleum oil and solvent hydraulic brake systems seals and diaphragms resistance plumbing applications

POLYACRYLATE (ACM) Polyacrylates are copolymers of ethyl and acrylates Temperature Range (dry heat) which exhibit excellent resistance to petroleum low high fuels and oils and can retain their properties when -60 F 300 F sealing petroleum oils at continuous high -51 C 149 C temperatures up to 347 F. These properties make Application Advantages polyacrylates suitable for use in automotive automatic transmissions, steering systems, and other applications where petroleum and high temperature resistance are required. Polyacrylates also exhibit resistance to cracking when exposed to ozone and sunlight. Polyacrylates are not recommended for applications where the elastomer will be exposed to brake fluids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohol, or glycols Primary Uses O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber components for: Automotive transmissions. Automotive steering systems

>petroleum fuel and oil resistance >resists flex cracking >good ozone resistance >good heat resistance

Application Disadvantages poor compression set performance relative to NBR lesser water resistance and low temperature performance than some other elastomers

ETHYLENE ACRYLIC (AEM)

Temperature Range (dry heat) low high Ethylene-acrylic (Vamac ) is a terpolymer of -40 F 300 F ethylene, methyl acrylate, and an acid-containing -40 C 149 C monomer as a cure site. It exhibits properties similar to those of Polyacrylate, but with extended Application Advantages >excellent vibration dampening low temperature range and with enhanced >excellent heat aging characteristics mechanical properties. Ethylene-acrylic offers a high degree of oil, ozone, >good dynamic property retention over a wide temperature range UV and weather resistance. >resistance to transmission fluids, water, glycol mixtures, and alkalies Primary Uses Application Disadvantages O-rings, rubber seals and custom molded rubber components for: not recommended for exposure to fuel, Automotive sealing applications. brake fluid, aromatic hydrocarbons or Automotive transmissions phosphate esters. Power steering seals

Virgin PTFE (Teflon Virgin) Teflon Virginis a tough high temperature material Temperature Range (dry heat) offering the widest range of applications. Resistant low high to almost all chemicals (only solid alkalies can -328 F 500 F attack Teflon), its very low coefficient of friction -200 C 260 C and high impact resistance make it suitable for wide chemical exposure situations, with emphasis Application Advantages on temperature extremes. Virgin PTFE is used for spring-energized seals, Vpackings, 0-rings, back-up rings, wiper, rod and >excellent low friction piston profiles, valve seats & seals and machined >excellent extreme temperature components used in the chemical industry, food properties processing equipment and other high temperature >excellent chemical resistance and low friction sealing applications. >excellent dielectric properties Virgin Teflon has the tendency to cold flow over time under load or pressure. Filled Teflon is therefore required in critical sealing situations. Primary Uses O-rings, Spring-Energized Seals, V-packings, back-up rings, wiper, valve seats, rod & piston profiles, shaft seals, lip seals, Gaskets, guiding/bearing elements, machined components. Petrochemical and chemical processing Electrical applications Semi-Conductor Industry

Food, Beverage and Pharmaceutical industries Laboratory applications

PTFE Filled (Teflon Filled) Teflon Filled has improved mechanical properties Temperature Range (dry heat) over virgin Teflon. The influence of filler materials low high results in an increase in mechanical strength, -328 F 500 F increase in hardness, reduction of wear and/or -200 C 260 C friction, improvement in the flow strength and Application Advantages increase in thermal shape stability. The most important fillers: glass, carbon, graphite, bronze, nickel, MOS2, mica, and high performance polymers and minerals. Glass filled PTFE, significantly improved wear resistance and heat transfer due to glass filler. Excellent for dynamic applications and for higher >improved wear resistance pressures. >improved heat transfer Bronze filled PTFE, improved wear resistance, >increase in mechanical strength hardness and compressive strength. The electrical >improved extrusion resistance properties and chemical resistance are reduced. >improved low friction Excellent for dynamic applications and pressures to >increase in thermal conductivity 6000 psi. Graphite filled PTFE, Self lubricating. Significant increased thermal conductivity, reduced level of creep. Nickel filled PTFE, Similar to PTFE / Glass or PTFE / Bronze but with superior chemical, wear and extrusion resistance. Excellent for dynamic applications and pressures to 6000 psi. Primary Uses Glass filled PTFE, excellent for dynamic applications and wear parts requiring low friction and good wear resistance and high pressure resistance. Bronze filled PTFE, used in dynamic sealing applications, Wear parts in hydraulic cylinders requiring load bearing along with low friction guiding parts, sealing rings Graphite filled PTFE, high speed applications Nickel filled PTFE, excellent for dynamic applications and pressures to 6000 psi.

ACETAL (Delrin, POM) Temperature Range (dry heat) Acetal has gained widespread recognition for its reliability of performance. It has high mechanical low high strength, rigidity, dimensional stability, high -58 F 230 F impact strength and good abrasion. -50 C 110 C

Acetal exhibits a high thermal stability and a high Application Advantages resistance to chemicals (high resistance to >no microporosity hydrolysis) >high strength and rigidity >high thermal stability >good electrical insulation properties >very good sliding properties >high resistance to solvents >very high resistance to stress cracks Primary Uses Application Disadvantages Wear rings, back up rings, bushings and bearings, not resistance to high concentrated acids gear wheels, parts of pumps, screws, ornamental difficult to glue and paint mountings and fittings, parts for the textile industry

NYLON (PA6, PA6.6) Temperature Range (dry heat) low high Nylon has very good physical properties and is one -58 F 230 F of the most widely used engineering plastics in the -50 C 110 C industry today. PA shows a high thermostability, Application Advantages also high stiffness, hardness and toughness are >high strength and stiffness some of its main characteristics. Due to the fact, >high impact and notch impact strength that the good mechanical properties will be >high heat deflection temperature achieved only after conditioning. This material >good at dampening must be conditioned again after an annealing. In >good abrasion resistance addition, this conditioning occurs with a longer >low coefficient of friction storage in air automatically. >good chemical stability against organic solvents and fuels >food safe Primary Uses Application Disadvantages Wear rings, back-up rings, bearings parts (good sliding properties), gear wheels, pump parts, parts dimension stability, electrical and in the automotive manufacturing (e.g. lock parts, mechanical properties may become chain wheels, housings, carburetor parts, etc), affected by absorbing moisture or water sliding parts, castors( reduction of the noise level), fittings, etc

PEEK Polyether etherketone can be used at very high temperatures (+260C) and it shows an Temperature Range (dry heat) low high

extraordinary mechanical strength, toughness, hardness, flexural strength, trosional strength. PEEK exhibits excellent chemical resistance, very good dielectric properties up to +260C and a very good resistance to all kinds of radiation. Importantly it is self-extinguishing according to UL 94.

Primary Uses Bearing shells, piston rings, valve seats, gears, notched impact strength relatively low seals, aviation, pump vanes, plug connectors, wafer low resistance to acetone carriers.

-40 F 500 F -40 C 260 C Application Advantages >excellent mechanical strength >excellent rigidity >excellent thermal stability >excellent dimensional stability >excellent radiation resistance >excellent hydrolysis resistance Application Disadvantages

PSU Temperature Range (dry heat) Polysulfone show great thermal stability (from low high 100 to +160C). PSU possess a high mechanical strength, very good dielectric properties and -148 F 320 F hydrolysis resistance. High radiation resistance and -100 C 160 C self-extinguishing. PSU has a low notch impact Application Advantages strength. >high strength and rigidity >high impact strength (also at low Primary Uses temperature) very good dimensional stability >high chemical resistance Parts for microwave ovens, blow-dryers, food >high resistance to all kinds of radiation industry, pump wheels, insulators, medical >self-extinguishing industry, etc >low smoke emission >repeated sterilization

PPSU Temperature Range (dry heat) Polyphenylensulfone is an amorphous material, low high with improved impact, chemical resistance and hydrolysis resistance compared to PSU. The ususal -58 F 356 F operating temperature is with approx. 180C. The -50 C 180 C extremely high notched impact strength remains Application Advantages also after a heat aging. >high strength and rigidity >very high impact strength (also at low Primary Uses

As with PSU but with higher chemical resistance

temperature) >very good dimensional stability >very high chemical resistance >high resistance to all kinds of radiation >self-extinguishing >repeated sterilization

PEI Polyetherimide has a high mechanical strength in coordination with a good chemical and heat resistance (up to +170C). good dimensional stability and creep resistance. Its under the thermoplastics singular torque strength permits the economical substitution of machining fabricated small parts from steel. Primary Uses

Temperature Range (dry heat) low high 338 F 170 C Application Advantages >very high strength and rigidity >high torque strength and hardness >high thermostability Parts for electrical engineering, food industry and in >high weatherability >high radiation resistance the aircraft construction, etc. >self-extinguishing

PET Polyethylence terephthalate shows high tensile and mechanical strength, hardness and toughness, low friction and a high dimensional stability. PET may be used at temperatures ranging from -40C to +110C. Primary Uses Bearings Pumps parts for housings tank lids cogwheels insulators Application Disadvantages limited dielectric properties sensitive to hydrolysis

Temperature Range (dry heat) low high -40 F -40 C 230 F 110 C

Application Advantages >high mechanical resistance and tensile strength >high surface strength >high dimensional stability >high toughness >low coefficient of friction >low wear and tear >high chemical resistance >easy to varnish and polish >good electrical insulating properties

PVDF (Kynar) PVDF shows a higher tensile strength, pressure Temperature Range (dry heat) resistance and dimensional stability than the related low high PTFE, but friction and insulation properties are lower. PVDF has a high mechanical strength and -22 F 302 F toughness at lower temperature and its self-30 C 150 C extinguishing. The temperature ranges from -30C to +150C Primary Uses Application Advantages Pumps, rotation disks, valves, fittings, glide tracks, >high mechanical strength and tensile cogwheels, chemical processing. strength >high chemical resistance Application Disadvantages >low water absorption toxic fumes when burned >good friction and wear and tear can not be solvent cemented values >self-extinguishing >high UV-resistance

E-CTFE (Halar) E-CTFE exhibits an extraordinary impact strength at Temperature Range (dry heat) temperatures ranging from -76C to +150C. A low high great part of the product properties attributes to the very smooth surface and differentiates Halar from other fluoropolymers. Due to the fact that E-CTFE is very pure, this material is being used to process -105 F 302 F chemicals and ultrapure water for the semiconductor -76 C 150 C industry. Also the permeation resistance to oxygen, carbon dioxide, chlorine gas and hydrochlorid acid is 10 to 100 times better than PTFE. Primary Uses Application Advantages Parts which come in contact with aggressive >extremely high impact strength(up to materials (e.g. machine-making industry). Lining of -40C) tanks, pumps, flanges, fitting, parts in centrifuges >good insulation properties and control engineering industry etc >very good weather resistance >high resistance to radiation Application Disadvantages >very high chemical resistance high density >self-extinguishing limited protection against stress cracking at >very good sliding properties temperatures > 140C >food safe

PPE PPE belongs to the group of the amorphous Temperature Range (dry heat) materials and can be used in temperatures ranging low high from -50 to +105C. PPE exhibits a high impact strength and a very high dimensional stability. The electrical properties will -58 F 221 F not be influenced by the surrounding frequencies -50 C 105 C and therefore can be used in a lot of applications in electrical engineering. Primary Uses Application Advantages >high dimensional stability >low tendency to creep >high thermostability and impact parts for electrical engineering and household strength utensils, shafts, gear wheels, etc. >good electrical properties over a far frequency range >high resistance to hydrolysis >self-extinguishing

PE-UHMW PE-UHMW offer resistance to almost all acids and Temperature Range (dry heat) bases, detergents and hot water. PE-UHMW has low high good insulation properties and is easy to weld. The -238 F 194 F operating temperature of PE-UHMW is from -150 C 90 C 150C and +90C. Primary Uses Application Advantages Sewage industry >very low friction pumps and valves >low density seals >high toughness(also at low medical industry temperature) >high elongation Application Disadvantages >very good electrical and dielectric properties >very low water absorption high density >low steam permeability limited protection against stress cracking at >high chemical resistance temperatures > 140C >good protection against stress cracking >food safe

PVC PVC is rated self-extinguishing, has an exceptional chemical resistance and is easy to machine. PVC shows high mechanical strengths, tensile strength and can be used in application ranging in temperature from -15C to +60C. it can also be easily solvent cemented and welded. Primary Uses Pumps and valves, seals, pipe systems, bearings, brush industry, Lamp housing, parts for the dental industry, chemical tanks Application Disadvantages low impact strength limited weather resistance

Temperature Range (dry heat) low high 5F -15 C Application Advantages >high mechanical strength, tensile strength and hardness >good insulation properties >high chemical resistance >self-extinguishing >low water absorption >easy to varnish and glue 140F 60C