Effect or impact of Dams on Tribal People

Tribal is a simple type of social group in which a common dialect is used by all tribal. They work together in war n peace. Tribal Is a group of local communities living in a common area, speaking a common dialect and having a common culture, bearing a common name, members of which occupy the same territory and observe certain taboos regarding marriage and have developed a well assessed system of reciprocity and mutuality of obligation.
Different types of tribal of indial on the basis of territory:

1) Tribes in Northern and North Eastern Zone: Naga tribes. Aka Delfa and Miritribes, the tribes inhibited in Kashmir, East Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Northern Uttar Pradesh. 2) Tribes of Central Zone: Savara, Mundas, Santhals, Gadaba, Bhumiji and Bhuiya who reside in territory encompassed between the Indo Ganetic plain to the Krishna river. 3) Tribes of Southern Zone: Todas, Karana, kadras, Malvadan, Chenchus, Bhils, etc., who belongs to area between Krishna river and Cape comorin. 4) Tribes of Island zone: Jarva, andamanes, nocobaris, etc., who bolongs to small isolated territory comprising Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Displacement of Tribals:
Many of the Earths tibla people, representing 5,000 culture are vanished ar their land are taken over for mining, dams and economic development activities. They are forced to adopt new ways while reeling from shock and hunger, and the are often killed by introduce diseases to which they have no immunity. Those who resist are often killed by ranchers, miners and settlers. The socio economic impact of dams on tribal people are: 1) Poorly managed involuntary displacement and loss of livelihood. 2) Many of the displaced people were not properly identified and therefore were not resettled or compensated. 3) Higher incidences of waterborne diseases, particularly among vulnerable communities. 4) Some 80 100 million people have been physically displaced by dams worldwide.

5) Millions of people living downstream from dams have also suffered serious harm to their livelihood and the future productivity of their resources has been put a risk. 6) Where compensation was provided it was often inadequate and where the physically displaced where enumerated, may were not include in resettlement programmes. 7) The larger the magnitude of displacement the less likely it is that the livelihood of affected communities can be restored.

Policy associated with the rehabilitation of displaced tribals and other people

due to major dams:

The rehabilitation of displaced people is a big problem. Rehabilitation become much more important and difficult to satisfy the tribals. The present compensation process is not help or acceptable to the tribes. To give benefit to tribes, according to Centre of Social Survey (CCS), the objective of rehabilitation should be: 1) The people displaced should get an appropriate share in the fruits of development. 2) They should be rehabilitated by certain new settlement within their own environment. 3) Oustees ( even the landless) should be given assurance of employment. 4) Tribal should be developed along the lines of their own genius and one should avoid imposing anything on them. 5) Try to encourage their own arts and culture in every way. 6) Provide some land to all eradicate poverty. 7) Train a team of their own people to do the work of administration and development. 8) Keep in mind the tribal panchsheel. Keeping these in view , the following general guidelines can be specified for nay rehabilitation progamme: 1) Land for land should be provided with an economically viable minimum of 5 acres even to the landless.

2) Resettlement should be in the neighborhood of their environment. 3) If settlement is not possible in the command area, provision should be made for settlement at their selected place by providing all requirement such as irrigation facilities and supply of basic inputs for agriculture, drinking water, wells, grazing ground for cattle, school for the children, primary health care units and other aminities. 4) I partly affected village, tribal should be given the option of shifting out with others with the same compensation as available to evacuees. 5) Training should be set up to upgrade the skills of affected tribal and reservation In jobs should be made for the willing adults among the evacuees.

The ways to attain acceptability of Dam Project:

Public acceptance of dams in essential, Acceptance emerges from recognizing rights, addressing risk, and safeguarding the entitlement of all groups of affected people, particularly indigenous and tribal people, women and other vulnerable groups. The following action would be taken to attain acceptability of a Dam project: