Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska

1

Manipulations with Bessel Functions
1. Express the integral
3
J dx
}
with the Bessel functions J
o
(x) and J
1
(x)
2. Express the second derivative of J
1
(x) with the Bessel functions J
o
(x) and J
1
(x)
3. Do a change of variable y=u
2
and solve the DE:
, )
2
2
2
y
y
y y
x y
'
'
'' + + =
Solutions:
1.
1 0
4
( ) ( ) J x J x C
x

+ +
2.
1 0
2
2 1
( 1)J J
x
x

3. , )
2
o
y J x = (



Proofs:
4. Show: , )
1 0
( ) J x dx J x C = +
}

5. Show: , ) , )
3 1 2
2
( ) J x dx J x J x C
x
= +
}



http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=BesselJ[0%2Cx]
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=BesselJ[1%2Cx]
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=BesselJ[2%2Cx]
http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=BesselJ[3%2Cx]

Basic formula: , )
2
2
0
( 1)

2 ! ( 1)
m m
m
m
x
J x
m m
+v
v
+v
=

=
I +v +

Gamma Function: ( 1) ! n n I + = , ( 1) ( ) n n n I + = I
[1]
1 1
2
n n n
n
J J J
x
+
+ =
[2]
1 1
2
n n
n
J J
J
+

' = ,
0 1
J J ' ' =
, )
1
2
1
2
2
sin( ) J x x x

=
t
, , )
1
2
1
2
2
cos( ) J x x x

=
t

Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
2


Expansions
, )
2
2 0
0
2
2 2
0
2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8
( 1)

2 ! ( 0 1)
( 1)
2 ( !)
1
2 1! 1! 2 2! 2! 2 3! 3! 2 4! 4!
m m
o
m
m
m m
m
m
x
J x
m m
x
m
x x x x

= =
I + +

=
= + +

, )
2
1
1 2 1
0
2 1
2 1 2
0
3 5 7 9
3 5 7 9
( 1)

2 ! ( 1 1)
( 1)
2 ( !) ( 1)
[ ...]
2 2 1! 1! 2 2 2! 2! 3 2 3! 3! 4 2 4! 4! 5
m m
m
m
m m
m
m
x
J x x
m m
x
m m
x x x x x

+
=
+
+
=

= =
I + +

=
+
= + +

, )
2 2
2 2 2
0
2 2
2 2 2
0
2 4 6 8 10
2 4 6 8 10
( 1)

2 ! ( 2 1)
( 1)
2 ( !) ( 2)( 1)
[ ...]
2 1 2 1! 1! 3 2 2 2! 2! 4 3 2 3! 3! 5 4 2 4! 4! 6 5
m m
m
m
m m
m
m
x
J x
m m
x
m m m
x x x x x
+
+
=
+
+
=

= =
I + +

=
+ +
= + +

, )
2 3
3
2 3
0
2 3
2 3
2 3 2 3
0 0
3 5 7 9 11
3 5 7 9 11
( 1)

2 ! ( 3 1)
( 1) ( 1)
2 !( 3)! 2 !( 3)!
[ ...]
2 0!3! 2 1! 4! 2 2! 5! 2 3! 6! 2 4! 7!
m m
m
m
m m m
m
m m
m m
x
J x
m m
x
x
m m m m
x x x x x
+
+
=
+
+
+ +
= =

= =
I + +

= =
+ +
= + +

, )
3 5 7
3 3 5 2 7 2
...]
2 3! 2 (1!) 4 3 2 2 (2!) 5 4 3
x x x
J x = +


Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
3

1. Express the integral
3
J dx
}
with the Bessel functions J
o
(x) and J
1
(x)
We have:
3 1 2
2
( ) ( ) ( ) J x dx J x J x C
x

= +
}
(see proof below #5).
We have:
1 1
2
n n n
n
J J J
x
+
+ = (no proof provided)
So
2 1 0
2 1
( ) ( ) ( ) J x J x J x
x

= and
3 1 0
4
( ) ( ) ( ) J x dx J x J x C
x

= + +
}
.


2. Express the second derivative of J
1
(x) with the Bessel functions J
o
(x) and J
1
(x)
We have:
1 1
2
n n
n
J J
J
+

' = ,
0 1
J J ' ' =
0 2
1
2
J J
J

' =
The trick here is NOT to change
2
J with formula [1], but to take the derivative and then change
2
J'
with formula [2] and then change
3
J with formula [1].
0 2 1 3
1 1 1
1 3 1 2 1
1 2 1 1 0
1 0
2
1
( )
2 2 2
3 1 3 1 2 2
4 4 4 4
1 1 2
( )
2 1
( 1)
J J J J
J J J
J J J J J
x
J J J J J
x x x
J J
x
x
' ' | |
'' ' ' = = =
|
\ .
| |
= + = +
|
\ .
= + = +
=



Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
4

3. Do a change of variable y=u
2
and solve the DE:
, )
2
2
2
y
y
y y
x y
'
'
'' + + =
Solution:
2
2
2
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 2
( ) (2 ) 2 ( )
2( ) 2
y u
d d d
y y u u u u u
dx dx dx
d d du d du d du
y y u u u
dx dx dx dx dx dx dx
u u u
=
' ' = = = =
( | |
'' ' = = = +
| (
\ .
' '' = +


Substituting these into the DE:
, )
2
2 2
2
2 2 2
2
2 2
2( ) 2 2
2
2
2( ) 2 2 2( )
0
uu uu
u u u u
x u
uu
u u u u u
x
uu
u u u
x
' '
' '' + + + =
'
' '' ' + + + =
'
'' + + =

So: Either
0 u =
or
0
u
u u
x
'
'' + + =


Multiply through by x
2
to put in standard Bessel form.
2 2
0 x u xu x u '' ' + + =

If you are allowed, immediately write:
1 0
( ) ( ) u x C J x = so
2 2
0
( ) ( ) y x u C J = = and you are done.
Otherwise see below for details:





Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
5

Our mega formula is:
2 2 2 2
( 2 ) ( ( 1) ) 0
p q p p
x y xy a bx y c dx b a p x b x '' ' + + + + + + + =
With solution:

1 2
( ) ( ) ( )
p
x q q
y x x e C J x C Y x
o |
v v
(
= +


Where
1
2
a
= o ,
b
p
= | ,
1
2
| | d
q
= ,
1
2
2
1
(1 ) 4
2
a c
q
( =

v
(a) if d<0,.
(b) if n = v , Y
v
can be replaced by J
v
(for d0) and
Where
, )
2
2
0
( 1)

2 ! ( 1)
m m
m
m
x
J x x
m m

v
v
v
=

=
I + v +

and
cos( ) ( ) ( )
( )
sin( )
J x J x
Y x


=
v v
v
vt
vt

Notice that
0
( ) 0 Y x =
Anyway doing all the calculations:
2 2
0 x u xu x u '' ' + + = .

In our mega formula, this means
1.
2 1
p
a bx + =
which implies a=1 and b=0 or p=0
2. which (together with 1) implies

2 2 q
c dx x + = so c=0, d=1 and q= 1
So we get:
0 o =
, 0 = | ,
1
2
| 1|
1
1
= =
,
1
0 0
2 1
= =

v
So
j
0 0
1 0 2 1 0
( ) ( ) 0 u x x e C J x C C J = + =

2 2
0
( ) ( ) y x u C J = =

References:
1. http://gershwin.ens.fr/vdaniel/Doc-Locale/Cours-Mirrored/Methodes-
Maths/white/math/s8/s8eqbess/s8eqbess.html
2. http://gershwin.ens.fr/vdaniel/Doc-Locale/Cours-Mirrored/Methodes-
Maths/white/math/s8/ex8_1/ex8_1.html
Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
6

4. Show: , )
1 0
( ) J x dx J x C = +
}

, )
2 0
2 0
0
2
2 2
0
2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8
( 1)

2 ! ( 0 1)
( 1)
2 ( !)
1
2 1! 1! 2 2! 2! 2 3! 3! 2 4! 4!
m m
o
m
m
m m
m
m
x
J x
m m
x
m
x x x x
+

= =
I + +

=
= + +

, )
2 1
1 2 1
0
2 4 6 8
2 4 6 8
( 1)

2 ! ( 1 1)
[1 ...]
2 2 1! 1! 2 2 2! 2! 3 2 3! 3! 4 2 4! 4! 5
m m
m
m
x
J x
m m
x x x x x
+
+
=

= =
I + +
= + +

, )
2 1
1 2 1
0
2 2
2 1
0
2 4 6 8 10
3 5 7 9
2 4
4
( 1)
d
2 ! ( 1 1)
( 1)
2 ! ( 1 1) 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
...
2 2 4 2 1! 1! 2 6 2 2! 2! 3 8 2 3! 3! 4 10 2 4! 4! 5
1 1
2 1 2 2 2 2 1! 1
m
m
m
m
m m
m
m
J x x C x dx
m m
x
C
m m m
x x x x x
C
x x
C

+
+
=
+
+
=
(
= + =
(
I + +

(
= +
(
I + + +

= + + +

= +

} }

6 8 10
5 7 9
2 4 6 8 10
4 6 8 10
0
1 1 1
...
! 2 2 3 2 2! 2! 3 2 4 2 3! 3! 4 2 5 2 4! 4! 5
...
2 2 2 1! 2 1! 2 2 2! 3 2! 3 2 3! 4 3! 4 2 4! 5 4! 5
( )
x x x
x x x x x
C
J x
(
+
(


(
+ +
(


=
Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
7

5. Show: , ) , )
3 1 2
2
( ) J x J x J x C
x
= +
}

, )
4 6 8
3
4 2 6 2 8 2
4 4 6 8
4 2 6 8 2
dx ...]
2 2 (0!) 3 2 1 3 2 (1!) 4 3 2 4 2 (2!) 5 4 3
...
2
2 (0!) 3 2 1 3 2 4 3 2 4 2 (2!) 5 4 3
x x x
J x C
x x x x
C
= + +

= + +

}

, )
2 4 6 8
1 2 4 6 8
[1 ...]
2 2 1! 1! 2 2 2! 2! 3 2 3! 3! 4 2 4! 4! 5
x x x x x
J x = + +


So: , )
2 4 6 8
1
2 4 6 8
2
[ 1 ...]
2 1! 1! 2 2 2! 2! 3 2 3! 3! 4 2 4! 4! 5
x x x x
J x
x

= + +


, )
2 2 4 6 8
2 2 2 4 6 8
1
[ ...]
2 2 1 2 1! 1! 3 2 2 2! 2! 4 3 2 3! 3! 5 4 2 4! 4! 6 5
x x x x x
J x = + +


So: , )
2 4 6 8
2
3 4 6 8
...
2 1 2 1! 1! 3 2 2 2! 2! 4 3 2 3! 3! 5 4
x x x x
J x

= + +


Thus:
, ) , )
1 2
2 2 4 4
2 3 4 4
6 6 8 8
6 6 8 8
4 6 8
2
4 6 8
4 6
3
2
1
2 1! 1! 2 2 1 2 2! 2! 3 2 1! 1! 3 2
...
2 3! 3! 4 2 2! 2! 4 3 2 4! 4! 5 2 3! 3! 5 4
1 1 1
0 ...
2 2 0! 2! 3 3 2 1! 3! 4 4 2 2! 4! 5
1
4 2 0! 3!
J x J x
x
x x x x
x x x x
x x x
C x
x x
C

= + +

+ + +

= + + +

= +

, )
8
5 7
2
3 2 3
0
1 1
...]
6 2 1! 4! 8 2 2! 5!
( 1)
2 ! ( 3 1)
m
m
m
m
x
C x dx J x dx
m m

+
=
+ +

(
= + =
(
I + +

} }