Matthew Eschbach Robert Sterling Nesbitt Joseph Ouellette Sarah Roberge

Introduction
Edentulous patients lack the mechanical stress to maintain bone density Ultrasound stimulates bone growth Design mouthpiece that produces ultrasound

Douglass, Chester W. DMD, PhD, Annie Shih MS, DDS and Larry Ostry, DDS. Will there be a need for complete dentures in the United States in 2020? The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 87.1 (2002): 5 8.

Previous Work
Ultreo Ultrasound Toothbrush Patent # 7,037,270 Small ultrasound transducers University of Alberta: Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Device (LIPUS)
Aims to regrow teeth Operates for 20 minutes per day

http://www.medgadget.com/archives/2007/04/ultreo_ultrasound_toothbrush.html

Bone Remodeling
Osteocytes act as mechanoreceptors Biochemical reactions Osteoclasts resorb bone Osteoblasts rebuild bone Edentulism no mechanical stimulation from teeth

http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/bone/cartilage_and_bone_cells.htm

Wnt Signaling
Monitoring molecular pathway for bone synthesis Chemical pathway
Mechanical stress Wnt messenger molecule -catenin Gene Transcription

Electric Circuit
Voltage oscillator
Creates a voltage signal with specific frequency Typically has quartz crystal Low power

P=V*I

Electric Circuit
Power amplifier
Converts low power signal into high power signal i.e. increases voltage and current amplitude

MOSFET
metaloxide semiconductor field-effect transistor

Electric Circuit
Constraints
18watts 9Volt battery

Design
Boost converter Inductor principle

Electric Circuit
Multisim Simulation
Bode plot Phase shift Power output

Circuit Produces
18 Watts 1 MHz

Circuit Performance
Multisim Simulation Actual Data

0.691 A 28V = 19 .348Watts

Electric Circuit

Inductor Transducer MOSFET Battery Voltage Oscillator

Transducer Operation
Piezoelectric
Barium Titanate
Crystalline structure Changes volume to external voltage

Transducer
Converts voltage signal into mechanical Ultrasound

Transducer Fabrication
Aluminum Mold
Transducer for animal test Built at machine shop

Transducer
40% weight Barium Titanate 60% weight Polyethylene glycol Melted and poured into mold Sintered at 1200C Poled at 1000V Coated in gold palladium

Transducer Fabrication
Oven
Sintering of Barium Titanate/PEG mixture

Archimedes Principle
Measuring density

240A power supply

Polarizing transducer

Animal Testing
BatGal Transgenic Mice Transducers 10 minutes, once a day Measure gene activity (-Gal) Measure bone growth (x-ray, double labeling) Sunil Wadhwa, D.D.S., Ph.D.

http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2005/050921.htm

Finite Element Analysis

Simulias Abaqus
Simulate Ultrasound Propagation Human and Mouse models Gum and bone under ultrasound stimulation

Analyze effectiveness of the device

Inspect for errors before conducting trials

Mouthpiece Design
Made with polyurethane Transducers in mouthpiece External Circuit

http://www.karatedepot.com/sites/karatedepot/images/items/large/pr -mo-141.jpg

Product Circuit Product Barium Titanate Circuit Mold for Transducer Barium Titanate Palladium Spluttering Gold Mold for Transducer Sintering Gold Palladium Spluttering BetaGal Mice Sintering Mouse Surgical Tools BetaGal Mice Mice upkeep Mouse Surgical Tools Mice upkeepMouthpiece Mouthpiece Binder Poly(ethylene), oxidized Binder Poly(ethylene), oxidized Binder glycol 4000 Binder glycol 4000

Total Price Quantity Price $200 1 $200 Total Price $200/1kg Quantity 2kg $400 Price 1 $200 $52.86 $200 2 $105.72 $200/1kg 2kg $400 $6/transducer 25 $150 $52.86 2 $10/hour 10 $100 $105.72 $6/transducer 25 $150 $255 2 $510 $10/hour 10 $100 $58 1 $58 2 $510 $0.35/cage/day $255cages/56 days $117.60 6 1 $58 $25/mouth $58 $0.35/cage/day 6 cages/56 $100 $117.60 days guard 4 $25/mouth guard 4 $100 $89.25 1 $89.25 $89.25 1 $89.25 $64.89 1 $64.89 $64.89 1 $64.89 $1895.46 $1895.46

Acknowledgements
Dr. John Enderle, BME UConn David Price, BME UConn Dr. Shiva Kotha, BME UConn Dr. Martin Fox, ECE UConn Dr. Sunil Wadhwa, UCHC Tristan Ramas, BME UConn

References
Roberts, Shepard. Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate. Laboratory for Insulation Research, MIT. Cambridge, MA. (March 6, 1947). Berlincourt, D. and Jaffe, H. Elastic and Piezoelectric Coefficients of Single-Crystal Barium Titanate. Clevite Research Center. Cleveland, OH. (January 8, 1958). Image courtesy of http://www.camsoft.co.kr/CrystalMaker/graphics/hires.htm (9-24-2008) Funasaka, T. Furuhata, M. Hashimoto, Y. Nakamura, K. Piezoelectric generator using a LiNbO3 plate with an inverted domain. Seiko Epson Corp., Nagano. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=762301. Image courtesy of http://www.piezomaterials.com/ (9-25-2008). Nusse, Roel. The Wnt Homepage. http://www.stanford.edu/~rnusse/wntwindow.html. (September 1, 2008). Nomura, Shintaro, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto. Molecular events caused by mechanical stress in bone. Matrix Biology. 19 (2000): 91-96. Douglass, Chester W. DMD, PhD, Annie Shih MS, DDS and Larry Ostry, DDS. Will there be a need for complete dentures in the United States in 2020? The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 87.1 (2002): 5 8. Ultreo Ultrasound Toothbrush. MedGadget: Internet Journal of Emerging Medical Technologies. 20 April 2007. 29 September 2008. http://www.medgadget.com/archives/2007/04/ultreo_ultrasound_toothbrush.html Horaczek, Stan. New low intensity pulsed ultrasound device helps re-grow teeth. Engadget. 30 June 2006. 29 September 2008. http://www.engadget.com/2006/06/30/new-low-intensity-pulsed-ultrasounddevice-helps-re-grow-teeth/