REVIEW : Electrophysiology , Muscle Contraction, ANS, Reflexes

April 13, 2012 References: Lecture Handouts, Guyton and Hall (11th edition) Ganong (23rd edition)

Electrophysiology
39. Discuss the ionic basis of resting membrane potentials and action potentials in nerve and skeletal muscle tissues.
Lecture handout; References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 59 61; pp. 61 65. Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 83 85; p. 85.

Electrophysiology
40. Discuss the different stages of chemical synaptic transmission (including neuromuscular transmission, autonomic ganglionic transmission or central synaptic transmission).
Lecture handout; References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 85 88; pp. 559 - 564 Ganong 23rd Edition: Chapter 6; pp. 123- 124 (read chapter summary)

Electrophysiology
41. Discuss the ionic basis of excitatory postsynaptic potentials. What neurotransmiters produce EPSPs ?
Lecture handout; References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 562 565; 565 - 566 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 117 120

Electrophysiology
42. Discuss the ionic basis of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. Name neurotransmiters which produce IPSPs.
Lecture handout; References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 566 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 117 120

Autonomic Nervous System: Norepinephrine

47 a. Discuss the molecular basis for the excitatory and inhibitory actions of : (a). Norepinephrine:
in cardiac muscle tissue (excitatory or inhibitory?), receptors involved in G.I.T tissues (excitatory or inhibitory ?), receptors involved In brown fat tissue (excitatory, inhibitory ?), receptors involved
Lecture handout on ANS

Autonomic Nervous System: Acetylcholine

47 b. Discuss the molecular basis for the excitatory and inhibitory actions of : (b). Acetylcholine:
in cardiac muscle tissue (excitatory or inhibitory?), receptors involved in G.I.T tissues (excitatory or inhibitory ?), receptors involved
Lecture handout on ANS

Autonomic Nervous System

45. Discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system.

Lecture handout on ANS

Autonomic Nervous System

46. Discuss the role of the autonomic nervous system in temperature regulation, citing the afferent limbs, central structures involved, and efferent limb of the thermoregulatory reflexes involved.

Lecture handout on Temperature Regulation; textbook references

Muscle Physiology
43. Discuss excitation-contraction coupling in muscle physiology. How does the action potential from the sarcolemma travel to the interior of the muscle cell to trigger muscle contraction ?
References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 89 - 91 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 100

Muscle Physiology
44. Discuss the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.
References: G & H 11th edition: pp. 74 - 77 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 93 97, especially pp. 97 100 (see also Fig. 5-7: Flow of Information that leads to muscle contraction) ---------------------------------------------------

(*) Binding of Ca++ to troponin, uncovering myosin-binding sites on actin (*) Formation of cross-linkages between actin and myosin, and sliding of thin on thick filaments, producing shortening (sliding filament mechanism)

Muscle Physiology: Stretch Reflex

48 a. Discuss the stretch reflex (muscle spindle reflex). Draw the neural circuit involved, showing its component afferent limb including the sense organ, central structure, and efferent limb including effector tissue/ organ.
G & H 11th edition: pp. 675 679 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 158 161 (see Fig. 9 3)
Lecture handout on REFLEXES

Muscle Physiology: Reflexes

48 b. Discuss the inverse stretch reflex (golgi tendon organ reflex). Draw the neural circuit involved, showing its component afferent limb including the sense organ, central structure, and efferent limb including effector tissue/ organ.
G & H 11th edition: pp. 679 - 680 Ganong 23rd Edition: pp. 162 -163 (see Fig. 9 3)
Lecture handout on REFLEXES

Receptor of the Inverse Stretch Reflex: The Golgi Tendon organ

Golgi tendon organs:
Found at junction of tendon and muscle fibers In series with tendons and muscle fibers (1 GTO : 1015 muscle fibers) Respond to (passive) stretch and contraction of muscle (changes in muscle tension) Produces an inhibitory reflex (reflex inhibition of alpha-motor neurons lengthening reaction) equalizes contractile forces of separate muscle fibers (spreads muscle load over all the fibers overloaded).