APPM 2360, Lab 2: The Harmonic Oscillator

http://amath.colorado.edu/courses/2460/2010fall/Labs/newLab...

APPM 2360 - Fall 2010 - Lab 2 The Harmonic Oscillator with Modied Damping

Instructions
This lab is due Monday, November 8, 2010 at the beginning of lecture. TA's will hold ofce hours in the ECCR 143 or ECCR 252 computer labs during that week. The TAs in the lab are there to help you with Mathematica and Matlab syntax; they are not there to debug your les. Please keep this in mind. Three (3) students is the maximum group size.You need to hand in only one lab per group. Use a cover page List the name, Student ID, recitation number, TA name, and instructor for each student in the group on the cover page No loose leaf paper, please use printer paper for all calculations included in appendix You are required to submit both, a paper copy, and an electronic copy in MS Word or PDF format to AMESS, the Applied Math online submission website. Four decimal point accuracy will sufce for this lab. Refer to the lab writing guidelines. They are important and you will be held to them; up to 20% of your nal grade can be based on things like writing, introduction, conclusion, etc. Late projects are not accepted.

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APPM 2360, Lab 2: The Harmonic Oscillator

http://amath.colorado.edu/courses/2460/2010fall/Labs/newLab...

On your title page, clearly mark Name(s), Put the name of the group member you want to get the graded lab in recitation rst. Student ID number(s) Semester (Fall, 2010) Professor TA and section If you do not include this information, as much as 10% will be deducted from your nal score Format is worth 20% of your grade. Please refer to the following writing guidelines for the expository sections of this report. You are required to know and follow the Writing Guidelines for all labs.

Writing Guidelines for Differential Equations Lab

Take a look at this sample lab with an example good writeup, and bad writeup. Please do NOT simply give a numbered list of answers to the questions, but rather integrate them into a written report. Please make sure when you are saving your les to either email them to yourself or use a USB ash drive. Getting Help: The APPM 2460/Homework webpage has brief tutorials in Matlab and Mathematica that might be handy. Start early! Ofce hours are much less crowded earlier in the week than on Friday afternoon. TA's will be able to give you more individualized help. Work in a group: it can reduce your workload.

The lab is due in lecture and on AMESS on

Monday, November 8th.

Goal
The goal of this lab is to interpret an ODE model of a harmonic oscillator by: Solving an initial value problem analytically Examining a phase portrait Comparing two models

Model
For the derivation of the harmonic oscillator model with damping, see the following derivation as well as Chapter 4 of your textbook.

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APPM 2360, Lab 2: The Harmonic Oscillator

http://amath.colorado.edu/courses/2460/2010fall/Labs/newLab...

Questions
Address the questions in each item below in the form of a report. Be particularly sure to describe the behavior or the solution and the corresponding behavior of the mass-spring system. You'll want to use phase portraits and graphs of x(t) to illustrate the points you make in your report. A. Harmonic Oscillator Model In the derivation, we found that a simple harmonic oscillator can be described by the following ODE: mx''+ax'+kx = F(t) (1)

1. Describe the physical conguration. 2. Classify the above equation, referring to Chapter 4 of your textbook if needed. 3. Describe the physical quantity represented by each term in the model (including units) in a table. The table should have columns for the term, its units, and a breif description. You do not need to give details of the derivation of equation (1). 4. Rewrite (1) as a rst order system. Make sure to connect the physical signicance of each term, as described in question A.1, with the terms of the rst order system. B. Harmonic Oscillator - Unforced with No Damping 1. We call a harmonic oscillator undamped and unforced if, in equation (1), a = 0 and F(t)=0, respectively. Find the undamped, unforced analytic solution to (1) with initial data x(0)=x0, x'(0)=v0. Describe the solutions. Give the period if they are periodic.

2. Next we'd like to examine the behavior of the system using plots, both of the analytic solution and of the phase plane, to guide our understanding. Although we have both types of information here, it is often the case that we can't nd analytic solutions to an ODE as we saw in the Fish Lab. In such cases, the phase portraits can be very useful in understanding stability and other dynamical properties of the system. Create solution plots (x vs. t and x' vs. t) and phase portraits (x' vs. x) for the following systems: A 3.4-kilogram mass is attached to the spring with k = 1.25 N/m. The mass is released from rest at a height of 0.5 m above the equilibrium position. A 3.4-kilogram mass is attached to the spring with k = 1.25 N/m. The mass is started in motion from the equilibrium position with an initial velocity of 0.8 m/sec in the

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APPM 2360, Lab 2: The Harmonic Oscillator

http://amath.colorado.edu/courses/2460/2010fall/Labs/newLab...

downward direction. Hint: To do this in Matlab you will nd this tutorial useful. . You can also see these two sample m-les that you can MODIFY to solve the problems in this project numerically and obtain certain plots ( diff_eq.m and example). To use these les, save them in the same directory and open them in matlab and run the example m-le. Then modify them to suit your needs in this project. C. Harmonic Oscillator - Unforced with Damping 1. Repeat question B.2 for only the second set of initial conditions with damping coefcients, a = 10, 4, and 2 Ns/m; these types of motion are classied as overdamped, critically damped and oscillatory damped (or underdamped), respectively. 2. Briey comment on the similarities and differences between the damped case and the undamped case. 3. Show that the types of motion (overdamped, critically damped and oscillatory damped) that result from (1) are completely determined by the quantity a2 - 4km. 4. Breiy comment on the similarities and differences between these three types of motion. D. Coupled Harmonic Oscillators Now consider the two coupled spring-mass oscillators in the gure below. 1. Identify each of the terms in the governing differential equation (provided below the gure). 2. Rewrite the second order system as a system of four rst order differential equations. The x1 and x2 displacements are measured from the m1 and m2 equilibrium positions.

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APPM 2360, Lab 2: The Harmonic Oscillator

http://amath.colorado.edu/courses/2460/2010fall/Labs/newLab...

2. Use an ODE integrator to solve the system of four rst order differential equations with the mass and spring constant from B.2 for both. Let the system start from rest with each mass displaced by 0.5 meters downward (x1 (0)=0.5 and x2(0)=0.5). Assume the equilibrium position of m1 is 1.0 meter below the ceiling and m2 is 1.5 meters below m1 and plot the positions of both masses relative to the ceiling on the same graph. Plot the distance between the masses in another gure. Explain the motion observed in each plot. 3. Do the masses collide with the ceiling or with each other during your simulation? 4. Solve the system again but allow the second mass to be initially displaced by 0.5 meters upward. Generate the same plots. Discuss how the position plots differ from D.2?

Your report should show that you can relate a physical problem to its mathematical model. Remember to follow the writing guidelines in your report. DO NOT SIMPLY PROVIDE A LIST OF ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ABOVE!

Some interesting links related to harmonic oscillators: http://www.enm.bris.ac.uk/research/nonlinear/tacoma/tacoma.html#mpeg Created by Keith Wojciechowski . Modied by David Biagioni. Modied by Steve Chestnut Modied by Andy Guinn (Fall 2010)

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