INTRODUCTION:

In the irrigation system we generally use induction motors where the water has to be pulled out and irrigate the plant. But it is difficult to check the availability of the water in the field all the time. So here we are considering a wireless system to monitor the condition of the plant and then if there in any insufficient amount of water in the field then the network built will check the plants status and then water level and gives the required water level condition by indication the status to concern person of that field.

PROBLEM DEFINITION:
Power failure is major problem in Indian countryside, in most of the villages there is no power supply for more than 10-12 hours. So they face problem in watering crops. System must be incorporated with arrangement to overcome this problem. As we know, most of the farmers use manual system to water their crops in the farm, this system is inefficient. When we water manually, the possibility to over watering is high. Some crops can drown when we supply too much water to them. In order to overcome this problem, control of irrigation is used. So that it improves the productivity and also quality of agro-product as crops get water at right time and with uniform amount.

AIM OF THE PROJECT:

Project is designed mainly from the view of villages in India where Power failure is a major problem. The aim of this project is to provide an efficient solution for automatic control of irrigation motor with soil moisture sensor. Now a days technology is running with time, it completely occupied the life style of human beings. Even though there is such an importance for technology in our routine life there are even people whose life styles are very far to this well known term technology. So it is our responsibility to design few reliable systems which can be even efficiently used by them. Here the automation process is done through the micro controller based technology. In our project we make use of one microcontroller, which is dedicated at the water pump. The microcontroller forms the heart of the device and there are also soil moisture sensors, which are meant for detecting the moisture in the soil.

Here we are using three different ways to build a smart and automated irrigation system The first method is by sensing the water level. In this method the sensor circuit measure the water level in the field, if the water in the field are not up to the mark, then automatically the water pump will be switched on and after that it automatically switch off whenever there is sufficient water in the field. The second method of controlling is with different time intervals. In this method, we are going to use RTC. With the help of real time clock we are going to set some different intervals of time to switch on and switch of f the motor. The third method is with help of GSM technology. Here we are using a GSM module to controlling the water pump with a sms. With the heap of a sms we can switch on and switch off the water pump.

EMBEDDED SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, sometimes with real-time computing constraints. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and mechanical parts. In contrast, a generalpurpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems have become very important today as they control many of the common devices we use. Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product, or increasing the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low, with a single microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure. In general, "embedded system" is not an exactly defined term, as many systems have some element of programmability. For example, Handheld computers share some elements with

embedded systems such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them but are not truly embedded systems, because they allow different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected. An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular kind of application device. Industrial machines, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household appliances, airplanes, vending machines, and toys (as well as the more obvious cellular phone and PDA) are among the myriad possible hosts of an embedded system. Embedded systems that are programmable are provided with a programming interface, and embedded systems programming is a specialized occupation. HISTORY OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS One of the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computer, developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to reduce the size and weight. An early mass-produced embedded system was the Automatics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. It was built from transistor logic and had a hard disk for main memory. When the Minuteman II went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the first high-volume use of integrated circuits. This program alone reduced prices on quad nand gate ICs from $1000/each to $3/each, permitting their use in commercial products. Since these early applications in the 1960s, embedded systems have come down in price and there has been a dramatic rise in processing power and functionality. The first microprocessor for example, the Intel 4004, was designed for calculators and other small systems but still required many external memory and support chips. In 1978 National Engineering Manufacturers Association released a "standard" for programmable microcontrollers, including almost any computer-based controllers, such as single board computers, numerical, and event-based controllers. As the cost of microprocessors and microcontrollers fell it became feasible to replace expensive knob-based analog components such as potentiometers and variable capacitors with up/down buttons or knobs read out by a microprocessor even in some consumer products. By the

mid-1980s, most of the common previously external system components had been integrated into the same chip as the processor and this modern form of the microcontroller allowed an even more widespread use, which by the end of the decade were the norm rather than the exception for almost all electronics devices. The integration of microcontrollers has further increased the applications for which embedded systems are used into areas where traditionally a computer would not have been considered. A general purpose and comparatively low-cost microcontroller may often be programmed to fulfill the same role as a large number of separate components. Although in this context an embedded system is usually more complex than a traditional solution, most of the complexity is contained within the microcontroller itself. Very few additional components may be needed and most of the design effort is in the software. The intangible nature of software makes it much easier to prototype and test new revisions compared with the design and construction of a new circuit not using an embedded processor.

APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM We are living in the Embedded World. You are surrounded with many embedded products and your daily life largely depends on the proper functioning of these gadgets. Television, Radio, CD player of your living room, Washing Machine or Microwave Oven in your kitchen, Card readers, Access Controllers, Palm devices of your work space enable you to do many of your tasks very effectively. Apart from all these, many controllers embedded in your car take care of car operations between the bumpers and most of the times you tend to ignore all these controllers. In recent days, you are showered with variety of information about these embedded controllers in many places. All kinds of magazines and journals regularly dish out details about latest technologies, new devices; fast applications which make you believe that your basic survival is controlled by these embedded products. Now you can agree to the fact that these embedded products have successfully invaded into our world. You must be wondering about these embedded controllers or systems.