Introduction

Report is a vital part of the business and the academic worlds. The writing a report involves gathering and analyzing information, and then presenting it appropriately to a target audience. Usually, a report includes an introductory section that provides background. This allows the reader to see where you are coming from and puts your report in a historical and cultural context.

Classification of report writing Report 1. Oral report: An oral report is a presentation, usually done for a students teacher and classmates, though it can also be done for a larger segment of the school community, for parents, or for a more open group, depending on the circumstances. For example, at a science fair, a student might present an oral report on his or her project periodically for his or her class, for other visitors who pass by, and for judges. An oral report may have a variety of elements including an introduction, body, and conclusion. Audio-visual aids such as posters, slides, movies, PowerPoint, models, or other demonstrations may be allowed or required. A question-and-answer session in which the student giving the presentation interacts with his or her audience may also be part of the expected proceedings.

2. Written report: a written report of the results of an analysis of the composition of some substance Written Documents are mainly 2 types: 1. Formal report: The report which is written by a formal way that is formal report. The formal reports mainly 2 types, they are: a. Letters

b. Memoresutm

2. Informal report: The reports where can not maintains any formal rules and regulation that is called informal report. Informal reports a 3 types, they are: a. Informational

b. Interpretive c. Routine Progress Laboratory Inspection Inventory Annual report

Structure of formal report A. Front matter B. Main body C. Back matter

Front Matter: Front matter is an extremely important element to writing any report. Whether its for a specific company research or for other personal reports. Specifics such as the size of the font, font type, formatting, and organization also need to be taken into consideration when creating the front matter of your report. The first few pages of a report are essential. An abbreviated abstract will assist the reader in finding what the main points of the report will be about. These elements are often referred to as "Book Elements", as they are commonly found in larger works. Important considerations should be made on how your publication will be used. To increase usability, you should consider how your readers will be using the report, and what they will be looking for, and focus on making this easy to find.

1. Cover: A cover page is a very simple, precise, brief way to introduce your report to the reader. This should contain:

A large specific title Company name Name of the author(s) Date of the report Relevant picture

2. Title page: A title page will be very similar to your front cover and it repeats the information on the cover, but adds more important details. This may include a report number, date, title, the names and addresses of authors, specific contract information, the name and address of the supervisor, and the name and address of the organization who supported the report. The title page is an opportunity to provide specific, detailed information about the document and its authors to its intended audience. 3. Frontispiece: How many frontispieces you use in your report should be mention on the reports. 4. Copy right notice: A copyright notice or copyright symbol is an identifier placed on copies of the work to inform the world of copyright ownership. While use of a copyright notice was once required as a condition of copyright protection, it is now optional. Use of the copyright notice is the responsibility of the copyright owner and does not require advance permission from, or registration with the Copyright Office 5. Preface: Briefly introduces the reader to the report. Includes subject, purpose, acknowledgements. 6. Table of contents: list of the reports primary and secondary headings reveals reports overall structure page numbers are placed next to each heading leaders (.) join the heading to the page numbers 7. List of contents: appears on a separate page immediately following the table of contents

 lists all figures and tables (visual aids) that are included in the document may be referred to as exhibits title and page number of every illustration must be include 8. Executive summary: an overview of what the report says, it is a condensed version of the report it is one of the most important parts of a report as it is often referred to in order to reference critical/key points in addition, it is often used as the main document circulated to several people when the entire report is too lengthy the summary is either descriptive or informative in nature descriptive summaries are synopses that act like expanded table of contents that tell the reader what to expect in the pages to follow they state what the report is intended to accomplish in terms of scope and purpose (scope refers to any limitations that define the reports coverage) informative summaries are an abbreviated version of the actual report including conclusions, recommendations and a description of the purpose, scope and methods used information in an executive summary is presented in the same order that it comes in the actual report should not contain tables, charts, footnotes, jargon, abbreviations or exhibits should contain headings that will help the reader bulleted and numbered lists are appropriate to use in executive summaries can be up to 1/10 of the length of the actual report although it is recommended that it be shorter if at all possible B. Main Body: 1. Introduction: acts as an opening to your entire report has six basic functions: clarify the subject (definitions, background information, historical background), state the purpose of the report (e.g. your report provides an overview or presents a new approach to an old problem), define the scope of the report (how broad your coverage of the informationwill be), describe your plan for developing your subject (chronological, cause

& effect), clarify your research methods (e.g. describe a survey that was the source of your data), set the style of the report (use of informal/formal language) most challenging part of the report to write, often written after the report is complete 2. Description: this is the substance of the report record of your ideas, content of your data (arranged by chronological, cause and effect, deductive/inductive methods) headings are used to guide the reader through the content which follows whatever order allows the information to be presented in a logical sequence. 3. Conclusion: logical results of the evidence presented in the report must be linked to purpose and methods described in the introduction to write effective conclusions: a) assume that your conclusions will be read independently of the rest of the report; restate your purpose and methods avoiding jargon/abbreviations b) organize your results according to how they are pr sented in the body of your report (usually, most important conclusions first). 4. Recommendation: specific actions you suggest as a result of the information you have presented should be financially realistic and appropriate to the problem must flow logically from the findings of your report (findings must support the Recommendations. C. Back matters: bibliography appendices glossary index Bibliography:

 a list of references used in researching the report lists all references used, regardless of whether you cited them specifically in your report alphabetized Appendices: all supportive material, data, charts, etc., that are either secondary to the main issues in your report or that are too bulky to include in the body of the report examples include surveys, interviews, text of legal statues, etc. each appendix should be limited to one type of supplemental material e.g. Appendix A Statutes, Appendix B Court Documents, Appendix C Witness Statements, etc. Glossary: an alphabetized list of words with definitions or explanations that are unfamiliar or technical in nature Index: an alphabetized list of report topics that includes the page on which the topic appears usually reserved for long, complex report