IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

IML 332E CAD&M LECTURE NOTES by: H. Livatyal

Spring 2005-2006 2005 2006

ITU Dept. of ME Gm-suyu, ISTANBUL
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COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING TOPICS

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Numerical Control Systems (NC,CNC) and Machine Tools Numerical Part Programming (Manual and Automatic/CAPP) CAD-CAM-CNC Systems Integration Automation in Manufacturing and Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Flexible Manufacturing Cells (FMC) and Systems (FMS) Sensors and Process Monitoring Systems Rapid Prototyping Methods Computer Aided Special and Nontraditional Manufacturing Methods
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COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

DEFINITION: Effective utilization of computer technology in the MANAGEMENT, CONTROL and OPERATIONS of the manufacturing facility through either direct or indirect computer interface with the physical and human resources of the company (after CAMI). Dominant Operation: Operation: Numerical Control (NC) part programming Common (and narrower) concept for CAM: narrower) Computer assisted part programming Logical Starting point: point: Manual part programming
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NUMERICAL CONTROL (NC)

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

DEFINITION: The control of operation of machine tools (M/T) (or (or other sheet-working and welding machines) by a ) sheet machines series of coded instructions called the program, which consists mainly of alphanumeric characters (nembers and letters). letters). Main Characteristics: Characteristics: Preplanned and predictable Therefore, NC is a typical form of: Therefore, Programmable Automation. Automation.
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BRIEF HISTORY OF CNC M/T

Time Early Industrial Revolution 2nd World War 1947 1952 1956
1956-1962 1956-

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Characteristic Basic Concept 2D Manual Applications 1st modern concept 1st effectively functioning version 1st industrial contract Difficult years 1st industrial success 1st CNC

Description J.Jackards method to control textile J.Jackard looms by using punched cards. Parsons 2-D Coordinate table Parson operated by two people Parsons NC proposal for milling Parsons helicopter rotor blades MITs first NC Milling machine MIT USAFs contract for 100 NC Milling USAF machines to 8 co.s co.s Big opposition against NC M/T in the contractors of USAF Point-to-point control drill pressed Point- toStoring the programs on a computer in add. to tapes. add. tapes.

1961 1970

ADVANTAGES OF NC
IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

NC M/T ensure positioning accuracy and repeatibility with their DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION and CONTROLS: Good for making many of the same part. part. Complex shaped components can be made automatically, with high automatically, precision and reliability. reliability. Parts that require a long series of operation can be made with minimal accumulated error. error. NC M/T can operate in hostile and hazardous environments. environments. Since most work is shifted to offices from the shop-floor, production can shop- floor, be monitored by the management directly. directly. NC M/T mostly are capable of conducting more than one machining operation at a time or in a sequence without repeating the part set-up. set- up. Minimum idle time and increased productivity. productivity. Interchangeability of work between different production plants. plants.
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NC MACHINE MOTIONS
IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

TYPES OF NC SYSTEMS

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Point-to-point control system (Numerical positioning control, NPC) Point- tocontrol, NC Drill presses used in drilling precise patterns of holes. holes. Straight cut system Feed rate at each Axis is controlled Andependently, one at ndependently, A time. Used in face milling, Pocketing etc. milling, etc. Contouring system (continuous path system) system) Each servo motor can be controlled in varying speeds in coordination to produce angular lines and curves. curves. Some simpler systems of this type use the method of breaking down the curved into smaller linear segments which are connected to each other in a tip-to-tail fashion. tip- tofashion.
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Point-to-Point vs. Contouring Control Point- toIML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

COMPUTERIZED NUMERICAL CONTROL (CNC)

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

CNC was first introduced in 1970 by replacing the hardwired MCU of a conventional NC system by a microcomputer which accomplishes all the functions of an MCU with its software. software.

What is new? new?

Feed rate control, buffering, position loop control ... control, buffering, Ability to edit and store programs Ability to produce punched (or magnetic) tapes, diskettes etc. magnetic) tapes, etc. Expanded tool offsets Expanded control of machine-sequence operations machineDigitizing Circular and more advanced (NURBS etc.) interpolation etc.) Parametric programming Do loops Roughnening to a defined shape Subroutines Diagnostic capability On-screen geometric programming On...

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CNC Machining - Lathe

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

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CNC Machining - Horizontal Milling Center

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

14,000 rpm spindle with HSK-63A adapter 1,575 in/min (40 m/min) feed rate

FANUC 16MB controller with Makino software

1,000 psi through spindle coolant

22x 22x 22 envelope

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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

ELEMENTS OF NC

Tape (Media) Reader (electromechanical, electromegnetic, optical etc.) Media) electromechanical, electromegnetic, etc.) Machine Control Unit (MCU, sends conrol signals to servomechanism) servomechanism) Servomechanism(s) (amplify signals from the MCU, and send them to servomotors) Servomechanism(s) servomotors) Controlled element (tool, turret, M/T table: the numerically controlled part of M/T) tool, turret, table: Feedback unit (records the achieved tool movement and send them to the MCU)
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Ball Screw vs. Lead Screw

nn

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

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CNC Machining - Turning

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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

CNC Machining Turning

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CNC Milling - Cutting Tools Milling

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Cutting Tool Geometry Flat end mill Ball-nose end mill Kinds of Cutting Edge Solid cutting tools Indexable inserts
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CNC Milling and CAM: Generation of Cutting Tool Paths and Part Programs

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

UNIGRAPHICS

UNIGRAPHICS

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USE OF (CAD &) CAM TECHNOLOGY

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Machining Nontraditional Processes Rapid Prototyping Robot programming Measurement & Re-engineering ReMetal Forming

Milling, Turning, Drilling, Grinding, Finishing Electric Discharge (EDM: Wire & Plunge), Electro Chemical (ECM), Water Jet, PCB & Micro chip Manufacturing SLA, SLS, FDM, LOM, SGC, Milling Milling Welding, painting, finish, hoisting and conveying, sheet forming CMM (Computerized Measurement Mach.) Sheet blanking and bending in Punch Press, Plasma Arc Cutting, Sheet bending in CNC Press Brake, Spinning, etc... Microchips, Printed circuit boards, Microchips, boards,
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Microelectronic Devices

Commercial CAM Software

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

I-DEAS CATIA PRO-Engineer PROUnigraphics Cimatron Work-NC WorkPower Mill Hyper Mill CAM Works Master CAM Surf-CAM SurfNC-Gibbs NCAuto-CAD based CAM programs Auto....
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CAM IN MACHINING OPERATIONS

Basic Advantages

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

In mass production Better geometric repeatability Combining many operations in one machine Flexibility: Many different parts on one machine Flexibility: Quick and easy implementation of design modifications In production of tools, dies and molds Quick and hassle-free production of complex 3-D hassle3surfaces Drastic Time reduction in part programming Accurate production of the geometry developed during the CAD stage and verified in the CAE stage
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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Realization of a Product via Computer Aided Processes

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Phases in Die & Mold Production

Design (CAD & CAE)

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Selection of support components and design of functional components Tool Path Generation

Tool Path Generation (CAM)

NC programs are needed for machining of EDM electrodes or for direct machining of functional components

Machining (CAM)
Typical processes: electro-discharge machining and CNC machining (turning and/or milling)

Benching
The tooling is assembled Critical dimensions are checked: Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) Hand finishing: Grinding and polishing.

Tryout
During tryout, a limited number of parts are produced with the die or mold Minor changes on the tooling may be necessary for required performance
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Die & Mold Components

Functional Components Die Punch Blank holder Cavity inserts Ejector pins etc. Support Components Guide pins and bushings Holding plates etc.

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

ERC/NSM
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Milling of Sculptured Surface

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

CAMAX

FIDIA
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Die & Mold Production Information Flow

Digitized Part Data

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Part File

Part Drawing

Prototypes / Models

Part Design for Manufacturing

Data for CMM

Die / Mold Initial Design Process Modelling and Structural Analysis

Die / Mold Design Satisfactory ?

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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Die / Mold Detail Design Data for CMM

Satisfactory Design

Data for CMM

CNC Machining Cavities / Cores

CNC Machining EDM Electrodes

EDM Electrodes Inspection

EDM Cavities / Cores

Polishing ( Manual, Mechanical, Electro-Chemical )

d
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IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Polished Cavities / Cores Data for CMM Cavities / Cores Inspection Data for CMM Die / Mold Assembly

Die / Mold Try out

Try out Parts Inspection

Inspected Parts
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Business Card Holder - Design Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Part Design

Process Simulation

ERC/NSM
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Die & Mold Production Design Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Principle

Filament Heated FDM Head Molten Filament

Example

Supply
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Business Card Holder -Design Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

Glass Window

Logo Insert

Cavity Plate

Ejector Plate

Gas Nozzle Support

Mold Base

ERC/NSM

PRO-E
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Business Card Holder Machining Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

ERC/NSM
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Business Card Holder -Tryout Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

ERC/NSM
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Business Card Holder Tryout Phase

IML 332E: CAM Introduction 332E

ERC/NSM

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