PSU

1)Post liberalization scenario Post liberalization (Move towards market economy) India embraced economic reform and started introducing 10 liberalization policies from 1991. Industrial licenses for expansion of the manufacturing base were abolished. Government regulation via manufacturing and marketing licenses only served to monitor the quality and safety of the final products arriving in the market. Price control was eased in many cases, including drugs. Procedures to obtain foreign technology agreement (FTA), imports and exports were greatly streamlined and 100 per cent foreign ownership was permitted in most sectors. Excise duty was slashed on imports, while a value added tax was added on domestic product. In order to maximize the gains from globalization and promote its exports, India signed the Uruguay round of GATT, which concluded in1994, to become a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). India was thereby obliged to meet all provisions of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) by 2005 including a return to a uniform product patent regime in all manufacturing sectors. Though at the time of initiation, the New Industrial Policy invited a lot of criticism; production, exports and imports have increased greatly in many sectors. Between 1991and 1999, the proportion of the population under the poverty line decreased from 37.5 per cent (using headcount of consumption poverty) to 26.1 per cent when the population itself was growing at 1.5 per cent and the gross domestic product has grown at 4 percent or more since 2000. TRIPS have also been viewed with a jaundiced eye by many in India and other developing countries. Its protagonists claim that it will stimulate foreign direct investment; investment in R&D and lower prices through increasing market supply. Others point out that foreign direct investment is not increasing much because of infrastructural problems, shortcomings of the Indian business environment and low market prices needed to ensure accessibility. Indian pharmaceutical and software firms continue to boost national pride as they venture more into international markets and establish production and R&D bases in the US and Europe.

2) Different forms of organizations FORMS OF ORGANISATION OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES There are three different forms of organization used for the public sector enterprises in India. These are (1) Departmental Undertaking; (2) Statutory (or Public) Corporation, and (3) Government Company. Departmental Undertaking form of organization is primarily used for provision of essential services such as railways, postal services, broadcasting etc. Such organizations function under the overall control of a ministry of the Government and are financed and controlled in the same way as any other government department. This form is considered suitable for activities where the government desires to have control over them in view of the public interest. Statutory Corporation (or public corporation) refers to a corporate body created by the Parliament or State Legislature by a special Act which defines its powers, functions and pattern of management. Statutory Corporation is Also Known As Public Corporation. Its capital is wholly provided by the government. Examples of such organizations are Life Insurance Corporation of India, State Trading Corporation etc.

Government Company refers to the company in which 51 percent or more of the paid up capital is held by the government. It is registered under the Companies Act and is fully governed by the provisions of the Act. Most business units owned and managed by government fall in this category.

3) Battery of tests {ownership test , public sector test.........something like that} Its in the Xerox material 4) parliament{Zero hr , upper n lower house} In 'Zero Hour' members can raise questions without prior notice to the Chairman. Normally if you have to raise a question in parliament, it has to be pre-informed and tabled. In zero hour, you are free to bring up any issue of public interest without prior notice. The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. Founded in 1919, the Parliament alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all political bodies in India. The Parliament of India comprises the President and the two Houses, Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha.[9] The parliament is bicameral, with an upper house called as Council of States or Rajya Sabha, and a lower house called as House of People or Lok Sabha. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Sansad Bhawan (located on the Sansad Marg), in New Delhi. The Members of either house are commonly referred to as Members of Parliament or MP. The MPs of Lok Sabha are elected by direct election and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories of Delhi and Pondicherry only in accordance with proportional voting. The Parliament is composed of 802 MPs, who serve the largest democratic electorate in the world and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world

5)annahazare/corruption 1.Who is Anna Hazare? An ex-army man(Unmarried). Fought 1965 Indo-Pak war. 2.What's so special about him? He built a village Ralegaon Siddhi in Ahamad Nagar district, Maharashtra. 3.This village is a self-sustained model village. Energy is produced in the village itself from solar power, biofuel and wind mills. In 1975, it used to be a poverty clad village. Now it is one of the richest village in India. It has become a model for self-sustained, eco-friendly & harmonic village. 4. This guy, Anna Hazare was awarded Padma Bhushan and is a known figure for his social activities. 5. He is supporting a cause, the amendment of a law to curb corruption in India. 6. How that can be possible? He is advocating for a Bill, The Lok Pal Bill (The Citizen Ombudsman Bill), that will form an autonomous authority who will make politicians (ministers), bureaucrats (IAS/IPS) accountable for their deeds. 7. It's an entirely new thing right..? In 1972, the bill was proposed by then Law minister Mr. Shanti Bhushan. Since then it has been neglected by the politicians and some are trying to change the bill to suit their theft (corruption). 8. Oh.. He is going on a hunger strike for that whole thing of passing a Bill ! How can that be possible in such a short span of time? The first thing he is asking for is: the govt should come forward and announce that the bill is going to be passed. Next, they make a joint committee to DRAFT the LOK PAL BILL. 50% government participation and 50% public participation. Bcoz u can't trust the government entirely for making such a bill which does not suit them. 9.What will happen when this bill is passed? A LokPal will be appointed at the centre. He will have an autonomous charge, say like the Election Commission of India. In each and every state, Lokayukta will be appointed. The job is to bring all alleged party to trial in case of corruptions within 1 year. Within 2 years, the guilty will be punished.