References : The Purdue University Writing Lab Postgraduate Thesis Dissertation Manual, International Islamic University Malaysia
What is APA ?
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
For the latest and official APA Electronic Reference Formats" document : Go to http://www.apastyle.org
OWL website:
owl.english.purdue.edu
Warning :
This part takes an eye for detail.
3. Establishing Credibility
The proper use of APA style shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material.
4. Avoiding Plagiarism
Proper citation of your sources in APA style can help you avoid plagiarism, which is a serious offense. It may result in anything from failure of the assignment to expulsion from the university.
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Cont.
If the work is signed anonymous the entry begins with the word anonymous spelled out, and the entry is alphabetized as if anonymous were a true name. If there is no author, the title moves to the authors position, and the entry is alphabetized by the first significant word of the title. Treat legal reference like entries with no author; that is, alphabetize legal references by the first significant item in the entry.
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Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. New York, NY: Basic Book. Shaykh Abd. Rahman Ibn Abd. Latif. (1972). Masahi ulama najd. Al-Riyad: Dar-alYamamah.
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BOOKS - 2 AUTHORS
List by their last names and initials, use the symbol (&) instead of and.
Johnson, J.E., & Yule, A. (1994). Play and early childhood development. New York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
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BOOKS - 3 to 7 AUTHORS
List by last names and initials; commas to separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by the symbol.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of selfesteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
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Higgins, J. (Ed). (1989). Psychology. New York, NY: Norton. Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
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Brocket, O. (1967). History of the theatre (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
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RELIGIOUS SOURCES
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THESIS
Ahmad Zaini Zahid. (1991). A study of sleep of sleep deprivation and its effects on teenagers. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nebraska).
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Chou, L. (1999). Technology and education. Retrieved from http://www.ilt.columbia.html. New child vaccine gets funding boost. (2000). Retrieved from http://news/health
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LEGAL CASES
Faridah Dato Talib v Mohd Habibullah. (1990). 1 MLJ 74. Ngieng Shiat Yen v Phang Wai Ann. (1995). 3 MLJ 130.
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ACTS
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ITEMS IN ANTHOLOGY
Rubenstein, J.P. (1997). The effects of television violence on small children. In B.F. Kane (Ed.) Television and juvenile psychological development. New York: American Psychological Society.
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Keillor, G. (Producer), & Smith, L. (Director). (2 Oct., 1993). A prairie home companion (Radio Program). St. Louis: KMOX
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Hallam, Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory (PDF document). Retrieved from lecture notes online web site: http://www.econ.istate/classes/hallam Roberts, K.F. (1998). Federal regulations in the environment (Power Point slides). Retrieved from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/
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COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
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