ABUNDANCE OF RAIN LIQUID PRUT BASIN IN JULY 2008

FURTUN PAULA ROXANA

ABSTRACT. Abundance Of Rain Liquid Prut Basin In July 2008. In the last years, the severe meteorological phenomen, Moldavia included, have increased significantly in intensity, reaching here and there certain thresholds difficult to accept a couple of years ago.The present paper proposes to ananalysis of the synoptic context where the phenomenon of the mentioned period took place, with reference to the Prut basin. Consenquences of exces precipitation periods july 2008 led to incresed river flows producer is important flods in northern and north-eastern Romania on the Prut, Siret and Tisa flooding large areas of farmland and pastures, destroying road even leading to loss of life. Keywords: rainfall, floods, synoptic conditions, Prut.

INTRODUCTION Abundance liquid precipitation are characteristic especially durin the warm season. The most important result of this situations is the occurence of floods. The flood is sudden and short-term level, and consequnetly the water flow of a river, above the ordinary. In this casethe neighboring territory is covered temporaly ao permanent (reduced time-scale) water, (Romanescu,2003). Prut River has its source in the Carpathians Forests in Ukraine to the north-eastern slope of the ridge Cerna-Hora (or Cerna Gora), under Hoverla peak at an altitude of 2068 m. Trought Izvorul Celei, tributary of Ceremuului Alb, Prut has is source in Romania, in the north, between the river Tisa and Siret. General characteristic of relief through River basin is a series of hills whose altitude decreases from North-West to South-East. In the northern half, large surface wave is located at altitudes of 200-300 m, shorter by up to 200m, to the sorrounding frame that separates west and the south Prut basin of the Siret basin (M.Bucureteanu, 2008). Of thermally Prut falls is situated in a temperate-continental climate whith excessive transition, highlighted shades environments not this element, but yhe values of concrete, real, extreme points of the contours of the limits of these developments. Multiannual and annual variation of the air temperature, but especially the soil temperature at the surface and in depth and their spatial distribution has particular importance from the hydrological point of view. Atmospheric precipitation are the most important meteorological element in the supply of water from the Prut basin, the quantity, mode of manifestation depending on their genre and basic features of hidrografiei territory. If in the northern half of the Prut basin are the annual average. 550 mm of rain in southern half they are reduced to approx. 450 mm. In years whith the hight rainfall pluviometric excess, registered only during some rain, has as a consequence of flooding, flash floods, excess of moisture, increase in the phreatic level and in years with reduced rainfall deficit translates into phenomena of drought and dryness. This study propose to highlight the role of heavy rainfall that caused flooding in July 2008 on the River Prut.

1. Data sources and methods 1.1 Sources and data types For this paper were chosen three weather stations representative of the Prut Basin: Botoani, Iai and Galai, and values used cover a period of 30 years (1980-2009). It will analyze the impact of rainfall in this period, and in particular those of July 2008, based on the identification and characterization of synoptic situation that favored the fall of these significant amounts of precipitation. Table nr.1 Location of weather stations Prut Basin
Serial Number 1 2 3 Weather station Botoani Iai Galai The average altitude (m) 163 84 2 Latitude 4744 471 4528 Longitude 2638 2737 22O56

Besides the data from these three meteorological stations will use the data from the database European weather and hemisferic (electronic archive Meteorlogical Center in Karlsruhe, Germany and the electronic archive of northem hemisferic server in Moscow). These databases contain synoptic maps and weather data for two main climate weather elements, temperature and rainfall. We will identify perioda whith excessive rainfall in 2008 and synoptic conditions in july. 1.2 Research methods used To achiee the proposed study will be used statistical and mathematical method general and specific methods for studyng the main climatic elemnts. For analysis ofrainfall will be used: The standardized anomaly in precipitation (SAP) and Wheighted anomaly of standardized precipitation( WASP). For better results highlight the graphical method was used, thus plottes precipitation fallen in the range studied and result of calculating SAP and WASP. 2. Results and discussion 2.1 Analyzing the phenomenon Floods are one of the most disastrous extreme natural phenomena, triggered as a result of direct causal relationship and geomorphic and anthropogenetic factors (Blteanu D., Alexe Rdia, 2001; Sorocovschi V., 2002). In fig. 1 are plotted precipitation recorded in 2008 at the meteorlogical stations in the Prut basin, Botoani, Iai and Galaii, emphasizing the April and July in Botoani and Iai and September to Galai and in particular those of July, recorded in a short time. The largest quantities have fallen during the period 24-27.07.2008, when the intensity of the cyclonic activity they have generated has been high. These amounts accumulated in 72 hours have exceeded in Iai and Botoani multiannual average of July (fig. 2).

200 180 160 Rainfall (mm) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII

Boto ani

Ia i

Galai

Fig.1 Amount of precipitation recorded at weather stations Botoani, Iai and Galai in

2008.
100 90 80 Precipitaii (mm) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 botosani iasi galati

24-27.07.2008

av erage annual 2008

Fig.2 Precipitation fallen in the period 24-27.07.2008 compared with multiannual average July 2.2.The standardized anomaly in precipitation Standardized precipitation anomaly (SPA), recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation for the analysis of quantities of precipitation is widely used in professional practice through the character of a year, pluviometric season or month (Vasenciuc, 2001, cited by Croitoru, 2006). Following the interpretation of the results obtained from the three weather stations that can be detected in the period 64,4% were analysed in terms of normal pluviometric (SPA between-1.0 and 1.0). 2008 year rainy characteristics (wet) in Botoani and Iai stations (i.e. SPA 1.23 1.00), and dry year station Galai (SPA-1.29) (fig. 3).

ASP 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 -0,5 -1,0 -1,5 -2,0 -2,5 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Botosani

Iasi

Galati

Fig.3 Hierarchy during the years 1980-2009 as SPA values 2.3. Weighted standardized precipitation anomaly Weighted standardized precipitation anomaly is one of the methods commonly used in literature, as recomanded in the study periods in exces or deficient rainfall.WSPAs value at the three stations varies from north to south, thus Botoani recorded the highest values will decreas gradually to the south basin, in Galai, (fig.3).
ASPP 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 -1,0 -2,0 -3,0 I II III IV V VI
Boto ani

VII
Ia i

VIII

IX
Galai

XI

XII

Fig.3 WSPA's value at the three stations in 2008

Frequency domains rainfall totaled in 2008 emphasizing the predominace of normal range, both in the basin (51%) and at each weather station in the land, (fig.5). Although class normal rainfall is more frequente than rainy, "the intensity of rainfall situations with precipitations and integrations into the categor of severe weather situations (or situations with precipitations risk) is that they are responsable for significant damage, witch 4

places the excess quantities of precipitation on one of the leading places among natural hazards" ,( Croitoru, 2006).
% 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Botosani Iasi Galati

28%

21%

51%

rainy

normal

dry

rainy

normal

dry

a. b. Fig.5 The average frecuency of 2008 the analisys weather stations rainfall areas (a), and the Prut River Basin (b).

2.4. Synoptic conditions generating phenomenon Synoptic conditions that have genereted large amounts of precipitation in the period 2427.07.2008 were generated by the increased cyclnic activity. Thus from day 21 and 22 July in Romania under the influence of tropical air from Scandinavia to Central Europe gets a kernel altitude cold. During days 23 and 24 July traffic ground to rotate from the north, westand south of romania and warm tropical air mass comes in contact with much colder air mass from Scandinavia, the temperature dropped significantly in average up to 6-10C. At that point in the Western Black Sea near the Romanian coast, dominatig cyclonic activity with a core of 1005 hPa. Charcter whith light rainfall began on the night of 23/24.07 and reached in a few hours large quantities. During the day 24.07 the precipitations increased significantly especially in northern Moldova, on the border with Ukraine, with repercussions in the hydrological regime. Due to synoptic conditions created large amounts of precipitations fell as the day of 24.07.2008 output value jumped to 387m/s ", flow rates and maximum rates on the Prut River, occurred upstream of Stnca Costeti in section Rdui Prut, being 7140 m/s, respectively 1130cm, ( Romanescu, 2010), causing floods marked the Prut basin, especially in Botoani, located upstream of the Lake Stnca-Costeti. Situation was improved in Iai, lacated downstream of Lake Stnca-Costeti, because the presence of controlled release allowed lake water. "Rainfall in the period 21-27.07.2008 in Botoani could cause catastrophic flooding in section Rdui. They are due to precipitation fallen in the Wooded Carpathians of Ukraine, but also due to the accumation un authorized discharges located on the upper Prut (unfortunatley yhis information is not officaly confirmed), (Romanescu, 2010).

Fig.6 Field soil and atmospheric pressure at 550hPa geopotential field (550m), 24/07/2008), by electronic archive Meteorological Centre in Karlsruhe, Germany.

CONCLUSIONS Heavy rain fall in the range 24-27.07.2008 July 2008, which produced floods were caused by intense cyclonic activity, cyclone centere were located over our country and regions immediatetly adjacent formations cyclone that caused flood generating rainfall had high speeds. With the synoptic situation favored the emergence of depression in soil core was correspondent in altitude up to 500hPa, and the existence of unstable air masses favored the development of Cumulonimbus clouds that can reach heights of 18 km, the source of amounts of precipitation, hail, frequent lightning and storms sometimes. Consequences of excess precipitation periods July 2008 led to increased river flows producer is important floods in northern and north-eastern Romania on the Prut, Siret and Tisza flooding large areas of farmland and pastures, destroying road and even leading to loss of life. The report issued by the Ministerial Committee for Emergency Situations, on July 30 were 150 villages affected by flooding in six counties: Bacu, Botoani, Iai, Maramure, Neamt and Suceava. 6,826 households were flooded and 35,000 hectares of agricultural land, rains affecting 7.2 km of highway. There were five deaths due to flooding. 15,183 people were evacuated, most of which is in Neamt County, over 9,000 people. The main reason which led to the floods in July-August 2008 on the Prut River is a natural, which are caused by very large amounts of precipitation that fell in the third decade of July (24 to 27 .07.2008), especially in the upper basin (Ukraine) and middle (Romania). REFERENCES

1. Bucureteanu, Maria, (2008), Bazinul Hidrografic Prut: diagnosticul strii ecologice a resursei naturale de ap, Editura Universitar "St. cel Mare", Suceava. 2. Croitoru, Adina-Eliza, (2006) , Excesul de precipitaii din Depresiunea Transilvaniei Editura Casa Crtii de Stin, Cluj-Napoca. 3. Croitoru, Adina-Eliza (2003) , Fenomene climatice de risc caiet de lucrarri practice, Editura Nereamia Napocae, Cluj-Napoca. 4. Mihil, Daniela ( 2004), Cmpia Moldovei, Studiu Climatic, Editura Universitar Suceava. 5. Romanescu, Gh., Stoleriu, Cristian, Romanescu, A.M.,(2010) Lacul Stnca-Costeti i rolul su n atenuarea inundaiilor de pe rul Prut ,n Riscuri i Catastrofe An.IX, vol. 8, nr.1/2010. 6. Romanescu, Gh. (2003), Inundaiile - ntre natural i accidental, Riscuri i Catastrofe. 7. http://www.wetterzentrale.de/ - arhiva electronic a Centrului Meteorologic din Karlsruhe, Germania. 8. http://eca.knmi.nl/ - European Climate Assesseement & dataset 9. http://meteo.infospace.ru/ - arhiva electronic de pe Serverul emisferic al Emisferei Nordice de la Moscova