Potential Difference
The easiest way to think about what batteries do is to use a water analogy. Batteries lift charges (Q) to a higher Potential (V). There is a Potential Difference (V) between one end of the battery and the other. Batteries store Potential Energy as Chemical Energy.
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6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons
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PotentialDifference amodel
Charge
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Current (I)
Batteries lift charges to a higher potential. The charges then flow around the circuit. The flow of charges per second is called: current. Charge Current Time
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1C/s
This way of representing the direction of current is called Conventional Current. It is now know that charge is carried by electrons, flowing from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. This is called electron flow. Today, both conventional current and electron flow can be used to represent the direction of current.
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Current
Conventional Current
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1J/C
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Electromotive Force
Thetotalamount ofChemicalEnergy inthebattery transferredto ElectricalEnergy byeachCoulomb ofcharge 10
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Potential Difference
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What is Resistivity?
Resistivity is just a property of the conductor. Every material has a resistivity. It is actually the resistance of a 1m long piece of wire with a cross-sectional area of 1m2. As you can imagine this is always a very low number. For Copper = 1.72 x 10-8 m
Units = m
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Resistivity Equation
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Ohms Law
VI
V=IR
Ristheconstantof proportionalitybetweenIandV
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Ohmic Conductor
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OhmsLaw
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Ohmic Conductors
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Ohmic Conductor
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NonOhmic Conductors
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