Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

Neboja Petrovi, Serbian Transmission System and Market Operator Ninel ukalevski, Institute Mihailo Pupin Sovjetka Krstonijevi, Institute Mihailo Pupin Serbia
DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade

DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

CONTENT OF PAPER
Continuous current carrying capacities and short current carrying capacities are determined according to temperatures of conductors. Continuous current carrying capacities are determined limits of load transmission overhead lines.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of 3Overhead Lines Calculation

CONTENT OF PAPER
The continuous and short-term current carrying capacities of the overhead line, that are, also, used for setting line overload protection, depend on allowed conductor temperature. Calculations continuous current carrying capacities and short current carrying capacities are very important for make decision in control (dispatching) centre of transmission power system.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation In this paper, the results of the continuous and short-term current carrying capacities of the overhead line calculations employing four mathematical models, according to :

IEEE Std. 738-1993 Standard for Calculating the CurrentTemperature Relationship of Bare Overhead Conductors, IEC 61597-1995 Technical Report Type 3 - Overhead electrical conductors Calculation methods for stranded bare conductors, CIGRE Study Committee 22 Working Group 12, Technical Brochure 207 Thermal Behaviour of Overhead Conductors, Paris, august 2002, IS 37 Overhead Lines with Nominal Voltages 400 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV Continuous Current Carrying Capacities Electric Power Industry of Serbia 2003
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

Why did this paper write ?

The transmission overhead line conductor temperatures calculation and/or measurement is very important for a safety of people, vegetation, buildings, equipment, economy, security and reliability of transmission power system. As an illustration, we can recall the black out on August 2003, at USA and Canada and the one in Italy, on September, of the same year.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

Why did this paper write ? At Italy is 28 September 2003 at 03:01 oclock outage OHL 400 kV between from Italy and Swiss because of flashover on tree what is happened to cascade outages other transmission overhead lines 400 kV and 220 kV due to overload (activity protection from overload) and complete disintegration electric power system in Italy (Blackout in Italy).
Interim Report of the Investigation Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy, UCTE Report 27 October 2003
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

CALCULATIONS The Serbian Transmission System and Market Operator are used, according to Internal standard, for ACSR (aluminium conductors steel reinforced), AAC (aluminium conductors) and AAAC (aluminium alloy conductors) conductors, for the values of 60 degrees C and 80 degrees C for continuous and short current carrying capacities conductor temperatures, respectively. For copper conductors, these values are 50 degrees C for continuous and 70 degrees C for short current carrying capacities.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

CALCULATIONS Beside usual calculations for daily summer and winter season conditions, there are also results of calculations for supposed meteorological conditions for night summer and winter season, between 19:00 p.m. and 07:00 a.m. For summer night, adopted value for air temperature parameter is 25 degrees C, and the same variable for winter condition is 5 degrees C. The night conditions values are based on the largest average values approximation for corresponding season, according to the available literature.

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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

RESULT OF CALCULATIONS Differences between continuous current carrying capacities daily and night period for ACSR conductors, are from 45 % to 100 % for summer season, and from 20 % to 30 % for winter season. Differences between continuous current carrying capacities daily and night period for copper conductors 95 mm2 are from 85 % to 200 % for summer season, and from 5 % to 30 % for winter season.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

RESULTS OF CALCULATIONS For ACSR conductor 360/57 mm2, from whom the most of the 220 kV overhead lines in transmission power system of Serbia are made, the differences between continuous current carrying capacities for day and night period, in percent, are:
from tables I and V is: (754 A/394 A - 1) 100 % = 91,37 % summer season; from tables II and VI is: (823 A/485 A - 1) 100 % = 69,69 % summer season; from tables III and VI is: (833 A/498 A - 1) 100 % = 67,30 % summer season; from tables IV and VIII is: (833 A/498 A - 1) 100 % = 54,54 % summer season; from tables IX and XI is: (833 A/498 A - 1) 100 % = 25,67 % winter season; from tables X and XII is: (833 A/498 A - 1) 100 % = 22,23 % winter season.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

CONCLUSIONS
The efficient exploitation of transmission overhead lines, as well as power system operation security and reliability, are based on information of their continuous and shortterm current carrying capabilities. These values are determined by allowed conductor temperature and are different for different part of the day, season of the year, due to different meteorological conditions.

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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

CONCLUSIONS
The significant variability in time and place, emphasize the need for real-time approach to overhead line conductor continuous and short-term current carrying capacities. This could be accomplished by implementing conductor temperature calculations into existing control systems. According to the results in this work, the use of IEEE and/or CIGRE mathematical models for conductor temperature online calculations, can be recommended for practical use in control centres.
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DEMSEE 2009 September 17-18, 2009 Hotel Continental, Belgrade Mathematical Models and Standards for Current Carrying Capacity of Overhead Lines Calculation

RECOMMENDATIONS
In 220 kV transmission network, in West Serbia, from Beograd, through Bajina Basta and Pozega, to Nis, the transmission overhead lines overload protection, during the summer months, is usually blocked. By establishing continuous and short current carrying capacities for night conditions in summer season, the operational security and reliability of 220 kV transmission network in West Serbia, including Reversible Hydroelectric Power Plant Bajina Basta in pumping regime, would increase, between 19:00 pm to 07:00 am. Nowadays, digital devices for protection transmission overhead lines and substations SCADA systems with GPS devices enable to set four various values for continuous and short-term current carrying capacity according to different part of the day and season of the year.
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