Year 12 chemistry assessment task When: week 2/3, term 1,2011.

Weighting: 20% What: written assessment task in class Task: prior to the above date, research topic 9.2.5 from the syllabus as listed below. Your assessment task will require you to answer a series of questions based on the dot points, using the information you have researched. You will need to bring your information to the task. Information: can consist of textbooks, other books, class notes, pages from internet, journal articles and written work. YOU need at least 3 sources. All sources except books will be handed in with your completed task. Marks: 25 marks Instructions: in your answers, include all relevant formulae and reactions. USE your own wording and sentences. Refer to the board of studies regulations about plagiarism: all my own work. a bibliography is required. Assessment criteria: these will be attached to your assessment task. Use them to guide your responses to the questions. Syllabus dot pts: 9.2.5. Nuclear chemistry provides a range of materials Students learn to: Distinguish between stable and radioactive isotopes and describe the conditions under which a nucleus is unstable

An element has a specific number of protons and neutrons, if the number of protons changes then the element changes. However if the number of neutrons changes then it is referred to as an isotope. NOT all isotopes are radioactive, the ones that are depend on the proton: neutron ratio For small elements n<20 if the proton: neutron ratio is 1:1 then it is considered STABLE For larger elements n>20 but smaller than n=83 then the proton: neutron ratio is 1:1.5 and it is considered stable ALL elements/isotopes above atomic number 83 are radioactive even though 83-92 are found naturally. Basically being radioactive just means that the nucleus has too many neutrons and it cant stay that way so it decays to a more stable version by emitting alpha, beta particles sometimes accompanied by gamma rays. You can also mention the zone of stabllity, which is a graph of proton: neutron (we did in class)

Describe how transuranic elements are produced

Transuranic elements are all elements above atomic number 92 (uranium), these elements are artificially/synthetically produced in 1 of 2 ways. 1. Cyclotron/particle accelerator 2. Nuclear reactor Please find how these machines BASICALLy work, made 2 sentences for each Describe how commercial radioisotopes are produced

Not all radioisotopes are useful, for instance the ones above atomic number 104 have an extremely short half life therefore not useful in any scientific field. But a commercial radioisotope refers to the ones that have an application/useful and these are produced in either a cyclotron/particle accelerator or nuclear reactor Find an example of one and remember the equn of how its produced Identify instruments and processes that can be used to detect radiation

1. Geiger Muller counter 2. Scintillation counter 3. Cloud chamber Photographic paper can be used to detect the presence of radiation but NOT AN instrument that can be used to measure radiation like the other 3 Use your textbook or internet to write a brief paragraph on the 3 instruments above

Identify one use of a named radioisotope: -in industry -in medicine I suggest you choose technetium-99m (med) and cobalt-60(industry) but you can do others if you choose to Describe the way in which the above named industrial and medical radioisotopes are used and explain their use in terms of their chemical properties

Research and get back to me Students: Process information from secondary sources to describe recent discoveries of elements

On the 9th of November 1994 at 4:39 pm the first atom of the heaviest chemical element with atomic number 110 was detected at the Gesellschaft fr Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. Unlike these lighter atoms, element 110 decays after a small fraction of a thousandth of a second into lighter elements by emitting alpha-particles which are the nuclei of helium atoms. The new element was produced by fusing a nickel and a lead atom together. This was achieved by accelerating the nickel atoms to a high energy in the heavy ion accelerator UNILAC at GSI. This rare reaction occurs only at a very specific velocity of the nickel projectile. Over a period of many days, many billion billion nickel atoms must be shot at a lead target in order to produce and identify a single atom of element 110. Element 110 known as darmstadtium basically it was produced in a particle accelerator by the fusion of nickel and lead. Use available evidence to analyse benefits and problems associated with the use of radioactive isotopes in identified industries and medicine

Research and get back to me