Seminary 1

RURAL CONSTRUCTION
Design the structural members of a timber silo which stocks cereals. The
silo has a circular shape in horizontal section and it is loaded by an
uniformly distributed load is P. The volume of the silo is V
s
and the silo
diameter is noted with D
s
. The roof beam and the silo columns are made
from oak for students with even (trad. par) number and fir for students with
odd (trad. impar) n = odd
There are given the followings:
1. personal number, n
2. the silo volume, V
s
=20+0,1n [m
3
]
3. the silo diameter, D
s
=2+0,05n [m]
4. the permanent load, P=1,5+0,05n [kN/m
2
]
5. the variable load, S=2+0.01n [kN/m
2
]
6. allowable deflection, f
adm
=L/250
7. slenderness ratio, =120
The design permanent load, P
c
, at the roof level is given by dead load and
S
c
is snow load. The silo is situated in a covered zone so the wind load is
neglected.
We consider the roof beam having a rectangular cross section and the silo
column with a round cross section.
The characteristic strengths and the properties stiffness are given in tables
The design procedures will be solved using limit states design method
(LSDM).
The problems which must be solved contain the followings:
I. design of the roof beam
II. design of the central and marginal columns
III. drawing plans:
a. front view of the silo,
b. two cross section of the silo at the different levels (top and
the middle sides)
1
I. Design of the roof beam
Step 1 Determination of the load q and impose h/b=1,5 (b=10-15) cm

360
s
D
P q [kN/m]
Step 2 Drawing of the bending moment diagram and the shear forces
Mmax maximum value of bending moment
Tmax maximum value of shear force
Step 3 Checking of the strength condition
Pag. 76, LSDM timber structures, Pag 10 NP 005 - 2003
(M)max < Mr = Rdi =
i
n Ti i
i Ti n
c
i
W m R
k m W R

mod,

[Nmm]
(T)max < Lr = Rdf =
S
bI m R
k m
S
bI
R
f
Tf f
i Tf
c
f
//
//
mod, //

[Nmm]
softwood hardwood
Rdi design bending resistance [Nmm] [Nmm]
Rdf design shear resistance [N] [N]
Mr resisting moment
Lr resisting shear force
R
c
i design bending strength
Ri characteristic bending strength 16,8 [N/mm
2
] 28,0 [N/mm
2
]
Rf// characteristic shear strength 2,7 [N/mm
2
] 5,7 [N/mm
2
]
mTi The coefficient due to the use of
preservative substances
tab 4.1 NP 005
tab Timber str
Coef. de tratare 1,0 (no treated wood)
0,9 (lemn ignifugat)
kmod,I Modification factor taking into account the effect on the
strength parameters of the duration of the actions and the
moisture content
= muimdi
mui Working condition coefficient or
modification factor,
pag. 52, Timber
tab. 2.5 NP 005
Coef ai conditiilor de lucru
functie de clasa de
exploatare a materialului
lemnos
1,00
clasa I de
exploatare
1,00
clasa I de
exploatare
2
L=D
s
/2
R
B
R
A
q
b
h

L
af
q
mdi Working condition coefficient or
modification factor,
tab. 2.10 Timber
tab 2.6 NP 005
Coef. ai cond. de lucru
fctie de durata de actiune
a incarcarilor
0,55
perm load
0,60
0,65
variable load
0,70
kmod,f factors for shear parallel to the
grain
Aceeasi coef = mufmdf
mdf
perm load
variable load
0,55 0,60
0,65 0,70
muf clasa I de exploatare 1,00 1,00
i the partial safety factor for the
material property for bending
1,10 1,10
f// the partial safety factor for the
material property for shear
1,25 1,25
EL Modulus of elasticity 10000 [N/mm
2
] 11500 [N/mm
2
]
density 410 [Kg/cm
3
] 610 [Kg/cm
3
]
Step 4 Checking of the deflection under loading
See page 88 from Timber structures
4 3 2 1 max, max
f f f f f f
final
+ +
fadm
f1 Deflection of the beam due to the
permanent loads
Sageata datorata incarc. permanente
f2 Deflection of the beam due to the
variable loads
Sageata datorata incarc. temporare
f3 Deflection of the joints
deformation
Tab 3.3 - NP 005
Sageata din curgerea lenta a
imbinarilor
- nu este cazul
f4 Precamber of the beam in the
unloaded state
Contrasageata initiala a grinzii
incarcate
- pt l< 6,00 m nu avem contrasageata
kdef Deformation factors, =0,00 1,00
Table 3.2 NP 005
Functie de clasa de exploatare si de
durata incarcarilor.
Beam deflection f1 and f2 are evaluated with equation
) 1 (
, def init i i
k f f +
) 1 (
1 def p
k f f +
kdef = 0.50
) 1 (
2 def t
k f f +
kdef = 0.25
I second moment of inertia [mm
4
]
33
qH
Wn nominal value of section modulus [mm
3
]
Wn = Ixx/y = bh/6
S - first moment of area [mm
3
]
S = b h/2 h/4 = bh
2
/8
II. Column design: central and marginal
II.1. Central column subjected to axial compression forces
The effective value must be compared with permissible strengths given by the cods and
standards following limit states design method LSDM
Step 1. Determination of the load N
N = 8VA
Step 2. Checking of the strength condition
] [
mod,
//
N m A
R
k m A R R C N
Tc c
c
c
c Tc c
c
dc r c
c

75 ,
100
8 , 0 1
2

,
_

when
75 ,
3100
2
>

when
II.2. Marginal column
The marginal column is subjected to axial compression force and bending moment.
Step 1. Determination of the load N
N = VB
Step 2 Drawing of the bending moment diagram and the axial forces
Mmax maximum value of bending moment
Nmax maximum value of axial compression force
4
L=D
s
/2
V
B
V
A
q
H
V
B
l
f
=l/2
for wood
l
f
=0,65l
d
=
qH
Section A-A Section B-B
se scrie ecuatia de conditie in metoda fortelor
0
1 1 11
+
p
X
11
1
1

p
X


6 3 2
3
0
11
H H H H
dy
EI
m m
H

...... .. ..........
0
1

H
p
p
dy
EI
M m
X, N, q pozitionate pe stalp dau diagrame de forta axiala, taietoare si moment
incovoietor.
Step 3. Checking of the strength condition
1 t
r
f
ef
r
c
M
M
C
N
where
] [
mod,
mm N m W
R
k m W R R M
Ti n
i
i
i Ti n
c
i di r

] [
mod,
//
N m A
R
k m A R R C
Tc c
c
c
c Tc c
c
dc r
c

The maximum value of the final bending moment

f
ef
M
is given by eq.
] [
1
1
max ,
Nmm
C
N
M M
E
c
ef
f
ef
1
1
1
1
]
1

5
2
l
l
f

for wood
lf=0,80l
H
V
B
q=gHL
L = 2R/8
H*1
m
X=1 X
qH
M
p
q=gH
L
q
X
N
M
Mmax
Section A-A Section B-B
And
2
, 05 , 0
2
f
TE E u E
l
I
m m E C
softwood hardwood
Rdc=Cr design compression resistance [Nmm] [Nmm]
Rc characteristic compression
strength, the value are given in
NP005, tab 2.3
12 [N/mm
2
] 15,8 [N/mm
2
]
Ri characteristic bending strength 16,8 [N/mm
2
] 28,0 [N/mm
2
]
CE Axial compression force applied
on moment direction
Efort axial de
compresiune pe directia
de aplicare a momentului
[N]
c the partial safety factor for the
material property for
compression
1,25 1,25
i the partial safety factor for the
material property for bending
1,10 1,10
kmod,I Modification factor taking into account the effect on the
strength parameters of the duration of the actions and the
moisture content
= muimdi
mui Working condition coefficient or
modification factor,
T. S. pag. 52, NP005 tab. 2.5
Coef ai cond de lucru fct
de clasa de exploatare a
materialului lemnos
1,00
clasa I de
exploatare
1,00
clasa I de
exploatare
mdi Working condition coefficient or
modification factor,
T.S. tab. 2.10, NP005 tab 2.6

Coef. ai cond. de lucru
fctie de durata de actiune
a incarcarilor
0,55
perm load
0,60
0,65
variable load
0,70
Buckling coefficient
muE, Working condition factor
NP005 tab 2.5
and tab 4.1
Coef. ai cond. de lucru
fctie de solicitare si de
clasele de exploatare
1,00 Clasa I de exploatare
mTE 1,00 lemn netratat
E0,05 =0,67 E//
E// Characteristic elasticity modulus
parallel to grain direction
Mmax,ef Maximum effective bending
moment, Mmax
I Second moment area
lf Effective length
6
D
s
H
s
A
A
Section A-A Section B-B
B
B
D
s
H
s
7