Introduction to Computer The word "computer" comes from the word "compute" which means to calculate.

So a computer is normally considered to be a calculating device that can perform arithmetic operations at enormous speed. More accurately, a computer may be defined as a device that operates upon data. Data can be anything like bio-data of various applicants when the computer is used for recruiting personnel, or the marks obtained by various students in various subjects when the computer is used to prepare results, or the details (name, age, sex, etc.) of various passengers when the computer is employed for making airline or railway reservations. A computer can process, and retrieve data as and when desired. The fact that computers process data is so fundamental that many people have started calling it a data processor. The activity of processing data using a computer is called data processing. Data processing consists of three sub activities the input data, manipulating the data, and managing the output results. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS The increasing popularity of computers has proved that it is a very powerful and useful tool. The power and usefulness of this popular tool are mainly due to its following characteristics: 1. Automatic: A machine is said to be automatic if it works by itself without human intervention. Computers are automatic machines because once started on a job, they carry on until the job is finished, normally without any human assistance. 2. Speed: A computer is a very fast device. It can perform in a few seconds the amount of work that a human being can do in an entire year- if he worked day and night and did nothing else. To put in a different manner, a computer does in one minute what would take a man his entire lifetime. 3. Accuracy: In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate. The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a particular computer depends upon its design; for a particular computer, each and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy. 4. Diligence: Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of concentration, etc and hence can work for hours together without creating any error and without grumbling. 5. Versatility: Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about the computer. One moment. It is preparing the results of particular examination, the next moment it is busy preparing electricity bills and in between it may be helping an office secretary to trace an important letter in seconds. Briefly, a computer is capable of performing almost any task provided that the can be reduced to a series of logical steps.
1 Introduction To Computers: Samrat Mehta ( 94149 16369 )

6. Power of Remembering: As a human being acquires new knowledge, the brain subconsciously selects what it feels to be important and worth retaining in its memory, and relegates unimportant details to the back of the mind or just forgets them. With computers, that is not the case. A computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage (a type of detachable memory) capability. Every piece of information can be retained as long as desired by the user and can be recalled as and when required. Even after several years, the information recalled would be as accurate as on the day when it was fed to the computer. 7. Zero I.Q.: A computer is not a magical device. It can only perform tasks that a human being can. The difference is that it performs these tasks with unthinkable speed and accuracy. It possesses no intelligence of its own. Its I.Q. is zero, at least till today. Hence, only the user can determine what tasks a computer will perform. A computer cannot take its own decision in this regard. 8. No Feelings: Computers are devoid of emotions. They have no feelings and no instincts because they are machines. Although men have succeeded in building a memory for the computer, but no Computer possesses the equivalent of a human heart and soul. Based on our feelings, taste, knowledge, and experience, we often make certain judgments in our day-to-day life. But computers cannot make such judgments by own. Their judgment is based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs that are written by us. They are only as good as man makes and uses them.

Introduction To Computers: Samrat Mehta ( 94149 16369 )