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Product and Quotient Rule SOLUTIONS Raymond Tu

1.) The answer is (x4 + x) cos(x) + (4x3 + 1) sin(x). In this case, we have to apply the product rule to this function in order to nd its derivative. We can rst seperate this equation into two functions, h(x) = sin(x) and g(x) = x4 + x. The product rule tells us that we have to take the derivative of rst function, multipied by the original second equation. Then, we take that product and add it to the product of derivative of the second function and the original rst equation (f(x) = h(x)g(x) + g(x)h(x)). To nd the derivative of the rst function we have to understand that the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x). You can use the limit denition of the derivative to make sure. Now we take that and multiply it by the original second equation, (x4 + x). Now add that to the product of the derivative of the second function and original rst function. For the derivative of the second function, you can apply the power rule or use the limit denition to get (4x3 + 1). Now, you can distribute the trigonometric functions, but it would be a needless step because you cannot simplify it anymore. It is simplied in the form it is in. 2.) The answer is (x2 + 1) cos(2x) + x sin(2x). This problem here is a product-product rule, meaning you have to take the product rule twice to nd this equations derivative. To start it o, we have to seperate this equation into two seperate functions, h(x) = sin(x) cos(x) and g(x) = (x2 + 1). Now we apply the rst of the two product rules. To make things easier, do not derive the functions yet, just make d note of it by placing dx next to the functions you want to derive. It should d d 2 look like this: (x + 1)( dx (sin(x) cos(x))) + sin(x) cos(x)( dx (x2 + 1)). Remember that the derivative of sin(x) is cos(x) and the derivative of cos(x) is sin(x). Now you have derive the sin(x) cos(x) by using the product rule again(the last one in this group). So, split the two functions up, sum up the product of the rst function and the derivative of the second function and the product of the second equation and the derivative of the rst equation. It should look like this: ( sin(x) sin(x)) + (cos2 (x)). Now you have to derive 1

x2 + 1 which by power rule it becomes 2x. Overall, the new equation should be (x2 + 1)( sin(x) sin(x)) + (cos2 (x)) + 2x sin(x) cos(x). For the trigonometric functions, the cos2 (x) sin2 (x) can reduced to cos(2x) and the 2x sin(x) cos(x) can be also reduced to sin(2x). The reason being is that these are your doubleangle formulas. Now the reduced equation is (x2 + 1) cos(2x) + x sin(2x). 3.) The answer is
3x6 5x4 +x2 1 . (x5 +x)2

This is an example of the quotient rule. The quotient rule states that you take the dierence of the product of the denominator and the derivative of the numerator and the numerator and the derivative of the denominator, all divided by the denominator squared. An easy way to memorize this is this phrase, LoD-Hi minus Hi-D-Lo, all over Lo squared, with the D meaning derivative. The numerator of the derivative should be the dierence of the product of the original denominator, x5 + x, and the derivative of the numerator, which by power rule, should be 2x and the product of the original numerator, x2 + 1, and the derivative of the denominator, which by power, rule should be 5x4 + 1. Finally, the denominator of the derivative should be the original denominator squared, (x5 + x)2 . 4.) The answer is
(x 2 ) sec2 (x)( 3 2 x +5) tan(x)
3 (x 2 3

+5x)2

Now this problem incorporates the quotient rule. The quotient rule states that you take the dierence of the product of the denominator and the derivative of the numerator and the numerator and the derivative of the denominator, all divided by the denominator squared. An easy way to memorize this is this phrase, Lo-D-Hi minus Hi-D-Lo, all over Lo squared, with the D meaning derivative. So far, we have (x3/2 + 5x) times the derivative of tan(x). The derivative of tan(x) is sec2 (x) by the limit denition of derivative. Now we have the product of (x3/2 + 5x) and sec2 (x) minus the product of tan(x) and the 3 3 derivative of (x 2 + 5x). With power rule, the derivative of (x 2 + 5x) is 3 2 x + 5. This is our numerator. The denominator is the denominator of the original equation squared or Lo squared. 3 3x2 5.) The answer is x(7x 3+4) , or unsimplied: x2 2x3 +1 + 2x x3 + 1 2 x +1 Looking at this closely, you can see that this is a product-chain rule problem. This means that when using the product rule, one of your derivatives incorporates the chain rule. In this problem, the rst function is x2 and the second function is x3 + 1. Using the product rule, have the product of the we rst function, x2 , and the derivative of the second, x3 + 1. Now to take this derivative, we have to apply the chain rule. In order to do this, we can take the square root function and raise the entire function to the one-half. It should 1 look like this: (x3 + 1) 2 . Remembering the chain rule, the derivative of the outside function times the derivative of the inside function (f(g(x)) = f(g(x)) 1 * g(x)). In our case, we can apply power rule twice. The 2 comes down and 2

the exponent becomes a negative 1 . The inside function is left alone for now. 2 1 As of now, the functions derivative should look like this: 1 (x3 + 1) 2 . Do not 2 forget about the second part of the chain rule, which is the derivative of the inside function, x3 + 1. Here, power rule is applied and it becomes 3x2 . As of 3x2 now, your formula should look like this: x2 2x3 +1 + 2x x3 + 1. This is the right answer, however you can simplify this more. 6.) The answer is
(x+3)3 (3x3 3x+20) (x2 +5) 2
3

This problem is an example of a quotient-chain rule. We have to apply the quotient rule in order to nd the derivative, but in the process of doing so, we also have to apply the chain rule to solve both of the derivatives. We begin by setting this up just like any other quotient rule, Lo-D-Hi minus Hi-D-Lo, all over Lo squared. We should have the product of x2 + 5 and the derivative of (x + 3)4 ; which we will nd by chain rule, minus the product of (x + 3)4 and the derivative of x2 + 5; which we will nd by chain rule, all over x2 + 5 squared. For the derivative of (x + 3)4 , we use the chain rule. The 4 comes down, the inside is left alone, and we subtract one from the exponent, then mulitplied by the derivative of the inside function. should look like: 4(x + 3)3 (the derivaIt tive of x + 3 is 1). The derivative of x2 + 5 is this: rst, it is raised to the 1 . 2 That comes down, one is subtracted from that exponent and then we use power 1 rule to derive the inside function. It should look like: 1 (x2 + 5) 2 (2x). The 2 1 denominator is squared. Now, we simplify. The 2 and 2x cancel, leaving just x and with the denominator being a square root that becomes squared, we are left with: 4(x +5) (x+3) xx(x+3) (x +5) . Now we can factor. In the numerator 2 +5 we can factor out the smaller power of the (x2 + 5) group and (x + 3)3 . It now
1 2 becomes . The (x2 + 5) 2 can move down to the x2 +5 3 2 denominator, making a new denominator of (x + 5) 2 . The functions inside the brackets can be foiled, becoming (3x3 3x + 20). (x2 +5) 1 (x+3)3 [4(x2 +5)x(x+3)]
2 1 2 3 4 2 1 2

7.) The answer is sin( x) + 1 x cos x. 2 This is a basic product-chain rule involving trigonometric functions. We have our rst function, x, and our second function sin( x). By using the prod uct rule, we have the sum of the product of x and and the derivative of sin(x) and the product of sin( x) and the derivative of x. The derivative of sin( x) is found by chain rule, the derivative of sin function times the derivative of the 1 the x. In the end, it becomes 2x cos x. The derivative of x is one. Now we x should have sin( x) + 2x cos x. The x and the x reduce to just x. The nal answer should be sin( x) + 2x cos x. 8.) The answer is
3x2 +4x3 . x

This one can be solved in two ways. First, you can seperate this into three seperate fractions, reduce, and apply power rule to all three. The second way is to apply quotient rule to this and solve. To use quotient rule, we set up the problem just like how the quotient rule requires it. The denominator times the derivative of the numerator minues the numerator times the derivative of the de2
2 x . nominator, all over the denominator squared. So, we have x 2x In the numerator, you can multiply x(2x+4) by one if the form of 2 x in order to get common denominators in the numerator. Then you combine like-terms and simplify. You multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator because you are dividing fractions.

x(2x+4)(

(x +4x+3) )

9.) The answer is

3(x+4)2 [14x] (x2 +1) 2

5

This is another power-quotient-chain rule problem. To start this o, we apply the chain rule to this function. The 3 comes down and we subtract one x+4 from the exponent. It then becomes 3( 2 1 )2 . Now we take the derivative of
(x +1) 2
2 2 the inside function by quotient rule. So we have . x2 +1 Remember the quotient rule pneumonic device. So now we can simplify the numerator. Remember the function from the power rule in the very rst step.

(x2 +1) 2 (1)(x+4)( 1 (x2 +1) 1 (2x)

We should have

3(x+4)2 x2 +1

(x2 +1) 2 [(x2 +1)x(x+4)] . x2 +1

The negative exponent can

3(x+4)2 [14x] (x2 +1) 2
5

be moved to the denominator. After simpling, we should get 10.) The answer is 10x(220x9 + 100x8 112x6 21x 7).

This is a basic product rule problem. We have our two functions. Using the product rule we have the rst function, (10x3 + 5x2 7), times the derivative of the second function which is 160x7 plus the second function times the derivative of the rst function which is 30x2 + 10x. Now we foil everything to get 2200x1 0 + 1000x9 1120x6 210x2 70x. You can simplify this even further by factoring out a 10x.

c Raymond Tu, 2012