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Summary chapter 4: Critical Discourse Analysis is the research and study of controversial discourses (power abuse, dominant, and

inequality in general) and attempts to take a position, expose(uncovering, reveal something hidden) and resist to these texts or talks. Moral ethical subliminal CDA in the 70s as a reaction to paradigms of 1960 and 1970. CDA offers a different mode or perspective in the field. Less critic is pragmatics, conversation analysis, narrative analysis, rhetoric, stylistics, sociolinguisticis, ethnography. CDA has a role in society: science and specially scholarly discourse is influenced by social structure and produced in social interaction. What does CDA do? CDA addresses social problems.// Discourse is a social action. All power relations are mediated by language. It is multidisciplinary. Tries to explain discourse structures: properties of social interactions and social structure.// Discourse constitutes society and culture. It focuses on the way discourse structures confirm reproduce or challenge relations of power and dominance in society.// Power relations are discursive. Discourse does ideological work. Discourse is historical Link between text and society is mediated (by discourse) DA is interpretive and explanatory There are many types of CDA different in analysis and theory. How are discourse cognition and society related??? Macro vs. micro. Micro refers to language, discourse, verbal interaction Macro is power dominance and inequality CDA has to draw near the gap between micro and macro. (in everyday interaction both are unified. Micro: a racist speech in a debate in parliament Macro: the racist speech constitutes part of the legislation or the reproduction of racism. Articulation of this process: 1.- members- groups: language users as part of several groups 2.- actions-process: social acts of individual actors 3.-context-social structure: 4.- personal and social cognition: personal expierence and culture combined as members of a group so it influences interaction. Social represtentations in a group govern the collective actions.

Power as control. Groups have power if they are able to control the acts and minds (members) of other groups. Power base over other in terms of money, status, fame, information, culture,etc. Types of power Groups may control in specific situation of social domains and dominated ones resist condone or even legitimate this power relation (natural) The power is reflected in laws rules norms habits consensus hegemony This power is not always explicit but also in taken-for-granted actions. Power is defined only for the group as a whole, not individuals. Access to specific forms of discourse is a power resource as well as the control of their actions (persuasion or manipulation). Those groups who control most influential discourse also have more chances to control the minds and actions of others. Questions: How do power groups control public discourse? How does such discourse control mind and action of less powerful groups, and what are social consequences of such control, such as social inequality? Control of public discourse. Common people are more or less passive targets of text and talk (their bosses or teachers) But there are members of institutions or even the leaders of them that have exclusive access and control over public discourse, therefore more power. Access and control is defined by the context and the sctructures of text and talk. Context is all the factors around discourse. Culture, background, knowledge, opinions, participants, setting, ongoing actions, etc. controlling context can be in one or more of these categories determining the definition of the communicative situation. Power also is control in the structures of text and talk. In all levels or structures of context, text and talk can be ruled by a powerful group, but it does not happen always, only when context interferes. Mind control. Recipients tend to accept beliefs via discourse of authoritative sources. Dont ask dont tell (gay movement) It gets better (gay movement)

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