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This work is licensed is:
under a Creative KAYYAM, E. (2008). The Eye ball
Commons Attribution and the Earth ball: Model for
2.5 License. Inverted Planetarium. PHILICA.COM
Article number 117.

Financial Disclosure:
My research is a self effort research this means that: -
I did not receive any funding or support from any
body also there is No role of any sponsors or funding
institute in the design and conduct of the study, in the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data,
and in the preparation, review, or approval of the
manuscript.

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Title:
The Eye ball and the Earth ball: Model for Inverted Planetarium.

Corresponding Author:
Dr. EMAD KAYYAM
M.B.B.Ch – General Practitioner
Independent Researcher
Cell Phone: 00962-79-9828881
Dremad_kayyam@yahoo.com
AMMAN – JORDAN.

Abstract:
This Article paper which I considered the continuation of my
previous paper Human Eye Solar Earth Analogy as a
Stonehenge Code, illustrates and addresses more logical
evidences that the human eye ball is similar to the planet earth
ball through the 3D-coordinate system and by answering the
question of what is meant by up and down in term of directions
in this universe.

Key words:
Human Eye ball, Planet Earth ball, Y axe, Z axe, parallel,
Anterior Pole, South Pole.

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 Part 1

The Eye ball and the Earth ball in a three

dimensional Cartesian coordinate System
The new view of the possible relation ship between the
anatomical human eye ball and the astronomical planet earth
which I assume in my previous paper titled: Human Eye Solar
Earth Analogy as a Stonehenge Code, correlate not only the
astronomy and physical features of our planet earth to the
human eye ball anatomy but also to its physiology, especially
physiology which discuss the ocular movement of the eye that
have a relation with some important motions of our earth.

The solid evidence regarding this subject is that the human eye
ball has a defined position at rest (the central optic axe of the
eye ball is tilted 23 degrees from the central axe of its orbit)
and a very close shape to the earth (the planet earth ball
rotational central axe tilted by 23 degrees from its orbital axe)
rise the question which logically try to search for the exact
reason of why these spherical bodies need to be interrelated?

As we know that our planet earth ball is suspended in the

space in a more or less in a fixed position regarding the solar
system and other celestial objects, i.e. the north pole pointing
to the top of the celestial sphere and the south pole pointing to
the bottom of the celestial sphere, and because vertical in term
of directions in astronomy relates to the planet earth as
straight up and down with respect to the plane in which the
Earth orbits the Sun (called the ecliptic)? We may think that
there is no problem with these terms.

The dilemma rises when we suppose any thing above us is up

because if we were in the North Pole then any thing above us is
up and in the same time if we were in the South Pole which is
opposite to the North Pole we will also suppose any thing
above us is up too!

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 Figure 1
The Universe
Celestial sphere and coordinate system: how to chart the
heavens. (avi-Divx, 4 Mb).
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mogi-
vice.com/Scaricamento/Coordinate-celesti-
anteprima.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mogi-
vice.com/Pagine/Downloads.html&h=720&w=720&sz=65&hl=
en&start=82&tbnid=MhVU_Zf5peRV9M:&tbnh=140&tbnw=140
&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSpherical%2Bcoordinate%2Bsystem
%26start%3D80%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3
D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

This dilemma still also faces us if we are thinking about the

sky's image or the image of the sky that we have from our
current location. We see the stars are fixed in their positions
above us if we look to them from earth and if we were floating
in space we would see an unobstructed view of the unchanging
sky. The imaginary sphere surrounding the Earth makes our
view of that sphere depends upon where, on Earth, we are.

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Similar the eye the object of analogy in our subject, has a
problem with directions and positions but in a different way,
actually the eye contained in the orbital skull of the head and
the head stands on the skeletal system of the body and both of
them poses and have the ability to change their position and
direction in many ways in a wide range of motions which in
turn reflect on the position and direction of the eye ball
although the eye ball has a fixed position at rest in the orbital
skull with respect to its orbit.

There are many positions to the eye relative to the head and/or
the body in the static or dynamic state of the eye ball which
can chart in the Cartesian coordinate system of the space and
we can elect many static positions to the eye ball in any
reference frame.

We can assign an arbitrary X, Y, Z, coordinate system in the

local frame of the earth: in which the “Z” axe of the earth ball
is the rotational axe of the earth and this is sound logic since
the “Z” axe is the vertical axe at which the earth ball is rotated
in its plane around itself and a round the sun.

The Earth equator frame has the X-axis pointed towards the
vernal equinox and the Z-axis parallel to the Earth's spin axis
towards north. The Earth ecliptic frame has the same X-axis
direction but the Z-axis towards the ecliptically north Pole. The
Y-axis makes up a 'right-handed' orthogonal set with the X-
and Z-axes. For both frames the origin is in the center of the
Earth.

Also similar the Eye ball has a primary position in the globe
which is best defined by SCOBEE as…

Primary position: that position of the eyes in binocular vision

when, with the head erect, the object of regard is at infinity
and lies at the intersection of the sagittal plane (i.e. sagittal
plane divides the body into left and right portions) of the head
and a horizontal plane passing through the center of rotation of
the two eyeballs.

Page 88, chapter 5, ADLERS Physiology of the eye

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The eye ball also assign an arbitrary X, Y, Z coordinate system
which is best described by FICK.

FICKS AXES: All movements of the globe around the

hypothetical center of rotation can be analyzed in terms of a
coordinate system with three axes perpendicular to each other
and intersecting at the center of rotation. These three axes
were described by FICK and bear his name as the X, Y, Z axes
of FICK. These axes are stable in relation to a frontal plane (i.e.
frontal plane divides the body into back and front, or posterior
and anterior portions.) fixed in the skull that corresponds
roughly with the equatorial plane of the eye when it is directed
straight ahead (Listing plane).

Page 90, chapter 5, ADLERS Physiology of the eye

Figure 2

The FICK axes of the Eye ball

In the Article titled Human Eye Solar Earth analogy as a Stone

hinge code, I assume a similarity relation between the
anatomical human eye ball and the planet earth ball in shape,

7
tilt and motions, the analogy utilizes the descriptive analysis
and the simple comparison to address many similar
observations in the two balls as a suspended spheroid bodies
leads to a novel insight interpret the mechanism of function of
Stonehenge as one of the calendar arts that used as an
arithmetical system by ancients in astronomy.

The fact that the rotational axe of the earth is more or less
seem fixed in the space and considered the “Z” coordinate in
the Cartesian coordinate system and the analogues optic axe of
the human eye ball considered the “Y” coordinate in the
Cartesian coordinate system and seem to be not fixed due to
the ability of the head in which the eye locates to move and
redirect itself in many position add on to the ability of the body
which support the head to move also in many directions, we
need to solve these problems:

1- As we take the primary position of the eye ball in which the

eyeball optic axe is considered the “Y” axe, the position for
analogy in the similarity relation with the planet earth which
has a central rotational axe in the “Z” coordinate, and the
similarity relation between the two balls in there primary
positions find a code to interpret Stonehenge Circa shape and
mechanism of function according to the previous primary
positions, so is there any indication can be find under the
deference in the coordinate set of the two primary positions of
the two balls; the planet earth ball and the Eye ball.

2- If we bring the two analogues axes to be parallel in the

same coordinate in the 3D-Cartesian system, or in other word if
we can elect a static fixed position to the eye ball which is
greatly affected by the positions of the head and the body
which put the eye ball optic central axe to be parallel with the
“Z” axe of the planet earth, did this new similar arrangement
means something in term of a potential organizational context?

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 Figure 3
The Eye ball and the Earth ball in a three dimensional
Cartesian coordinate system, notice that the central
axe of the earth is in the “Z” coordinate and the
central axe of the eye is in the “Y” coordinate

9
 Part 2

The Parallel Organizational Context Potential of

the Eye ball and the Earth ball
The human eye ball is suspended in the orbital cavity in the
head of the human body, the head and body of the human
being can move in many directions.

Although the human eye ball contained in a moving objects it

has a defined position with respect to its orbit at rest; the optic
central axe of the eye ball is tilted by 23 degrees from the
central axe of its orbit.

The central axe of the eye ball is considered the “Y” axe of the
eye ball, this axe can converted to the “Z” axe if we prone the
head and body and positioned the head directly facing the
earth when the body prone in the knee head position.

Figure 4
The Eye ball when the head resting and facing the
Earth in the knee - head position.

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In this position we may parallel the “Y” axe of the human eye
ball with the “Z” axe of the planet earth, and we may say the
following regarding our proposition to the two balls in this new
organizational context:

The Eye ball central axe is “Y” which cope with the “Z” central
axe of the Earth in the knee – head position, and as we prove in
our previous paper that the shape of the two balls are similar
then; the anterior pole of the eye ball which locates in the
center of the cornea is the analogues to the south pole of the
planet earth and the posterior pole of the eye ball which
locates in the back of the eye ball about 3mm posterior
laterally from the optic disc is the analogues of the north pole
of the earth.

Figure 5

The two balls are parallel in the Z axe.

ESRI – GIS and Mapping Software, ARC NEWS online

Visualizing Earth from Space Improves Local GIS
http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/fall01articles/v
isualizingearth.html

TURBO SQUID, Inc.

http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm?i
d=255161

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 Part 3

Analogy between the Eye ball and the Earth ball

in the parallel organizational context
According to the position which the eye can reach in the knee-
head position which the human being can assume we say again
that: in this position the Anterior Pole of the Eye correspond to
the south pole of the planet earth, and we can give some
evidence regarding The Parallel Organizational Context
Potential of the Eye ball and the Earth ball: -

1- On average, Antarctica which is locates in the South Pole has

the highest average elevation of all the continents.
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above a
fixed reference point, often the mean sea level. Elevation, or
geometric height, is mainly used when referring to points on
the Earth's surface, similar the human Eye ball anterior pole
locates on the center of the cornea which is the highest point
on the eye ball surface.

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 Figure 6
The South Pole from above
Photo ID: h4voqz | Photographer: JPL NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory | Credit Line: Copyright ©
NASA, JPL
http://www.earthscienceworld.org/images/search/li
ghtboxhires.html?ID=h4voqz

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 Figure 7
The Anterior Pole of the Eye ball
Realistic human eye 3D model by web3Dservice
Anatomically correct proportions.

http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm?i
d=255161

2- the North Pole of the planet Earth has no continent, its

simply a glacier of ice sheet above the see, similarly the
posterior pole of the human eye ball is a smooth surface and
has no structure which may cause elevation.

3- In the proposed analogy which put the anterior pole of the

eye ball to analogue with the south pole of the earth to make
the “Y” axe of the eye ball to be parallel with the “Z” axe of
the earth conclude that the tip of our planet Earth is in the
south pole and the bottom is in the north pole as the human
Eye ball anterior pole in the prone position is in the bottom,
this can be proved by the inverted image which fall on the
retina and perceived by our brain to be up-right.

“Quote”: Yes, indeed, the image of the "outside world" is

inverted on our retina, even though the world appears right

14
side up. Interestingly, if one wears prisms to make the retinal
image right side up, the world will appear inverted.
http://www.yorku.ca/eye/invert.htm

4- Pole shift theory

Recent work by scientists and geologists Adam Maloof of

Princeton University and Galen Halverson of Paul Sabatier
University in Toulouse, France, indicates that Earth indeed
rebalanced itself around 800 million years ago during the
Precambrian time period. They tested this idea by studying
magnetic minerals in sedimentary rocks in a Norwegian
archipelago. Using these minerals, Maloof and Halverson found
that the north pole shifted more than 50 degrees — about the
current distance between Alaska and the equator — in less than
20 million years. This reasoning is supported by a record of
changes in sea level and ocean chemistry in the Norwegian
sediments that could be explained by true polar wander, the
team reports in the September–October 2006 issue of the
Geological Society of America Bulletin.

Research using GPS, conducted by Geoffrey Blewitt of the

University of Nevada, has shown that normal seasonal changes
in the distribution of ice and water cause minor movements of
the poles.

What is Pole Shift Theory?

Pole shift theory

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A pole shift theory: is a hypothesis that the axis of rotation of a

planet has not always been at its present-day locations or that
the axis will not persist there; in other words, that its physical
poles had been or will be shifted. Pole shift theory is almost
always discussed in the context of Earth, but other solar
system bodies may have experienced axial reorientation during
their existences.

Pole shift theories are not to be confused with plate tectonics,

the well-accepted geological theory that the Earth's surface
consists of solid plates which shift over a fluid
ASTHENOSPHERE; nor with continental drift, the corollary to

15
plate tectonics which maintains that locations of the continents
have moved slowly over the face of the earth, resulting in the
gradual emerging and breakup of continents and oceans over
hundreds of millions of years.

Pole shift theories are also not to be confused with

geomagnetic reversal, the periodic reversal of the earth's
magnetic field (effectively switching the north and south
magnetic poles). Geomagnetic reversal has more acceptances
in the scientific community than pole shift theories.

NEWS@PRINCETON:
http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S15/64/72A3
7/index.xml?section=newsreleases

Planet Earth may have 'tilted' to keep its balance, say

scientists: Imagine a shift in the Earth so profound that it could
force our entire planet to spin on its side after a few million
years, tilting it so far that Alaska would sit at the equator.
Princeton scientists have now provided the first compelling
evidence that this kind of major shift may have happened in
our world's distant past.

By analyzing the magnetic composition of ancient sediments

found in the remote Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard,
Princeton University's Adam Maloof has lent credence to a 140-
year-old theory regarding the way the Earth might restore its
own balance if an unequal distribution of weight ever
developed in its interior or on its surface.

The theory, known as true polar wander, postulates that if an

object of sufficient weight -- such as a super sized volcano --
ever formed far from the equator, the force of the planet's
rotation would gradually pull the heavy object away from the
axis the Earth spins around. If the volcanoes, land and other
masses that exist within the spinning Earth ever became
sufficiently imbalanced, the planet would tilt and rotate itself
until this extra weight was relocated to a point along the
equator.

Polar wander can tip the entire planet on its side at a rate of
perhaps several meters per year, about 10 to 100 times as fast
as the continents drift due to plate tectonics. Though the poles
themselves would still point in the same direction with respect

16
to the solar system, the process could conceivably shift entire
continents from the tropics to the Arctic, or vice versa, within a
relatively brief geological time span.

If a true polar wander event has occurred in our planet's

history, it's likely been when the continents formed a single
mass on one side of the Earth," he said.” We don't expect there
to be another event in the foreseeable future, though. The
Earth's surface is pretty well balanced today."

Figure 8

Pole Shift Theory

http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S15/
64/72A37/index.xml?section=newsreleases

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Discussion:

The integrative method of collecting data in this research which

incorporates a facts from a two major scientific fields; the
anatomy and astronomy and begins from the question that ask:
what is the meaning that the human eye ball has the same
shape and tilt of the planet earth ball and why would they have
this connection? Surf forward in viewing and evaluating the
strength of the evidence that place confidence in the
observations that connect the eye with the earth and the
strategies and methods that was created within the scope of
anatomy and astronomy effective in suggesting another model
of utilization to these observations and conclusions that
evidence supports that the two balls also have a certain
specific position for the analogy in which there central axes
become parallel in the same coordinate if the eye of the human
being the most superior creature assume a specific position
which put it in a specific organizational context with the planet
earth in which the anterior pole of the eye correspond the
south pole of the earth.

Embarking on efforts to assemble best evidence to support this

new proposition the emphasis on evidence – based facts that
find the anterior pole of the eye to correspond the south pole of
the earth because the cornea is like Antarctica as they have
almost the same ratio of elevation from the surface of there
spheres, the research discuss the consistency of findings
across the study that provide an interpretation of why they
might be constant.

According to Pole shift theory which suggest that the planet

earth axe could be shifted to assume a more greater angle than
what is known today, I believe that as the planet earth can be
framed to put its rotational axe in the “Y” and “Z” coordinate
in the three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system in its
journey to change its tilt from one position to another, the Eye
ball in the suggestive knee – head position which change its
axe from the “Y” axe to the “Z” axe in the Cartesian
coordinate system considered may be in a potential position in
which it has a vital link with the planet earth put it in a certain
organizational context which may lead to set a rule for
directions.

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Finally I would like to pay attention that the research at least
at this stage may succeed in addressing some conceptual
utilizations which refers to situations in which the scientists or
the readers are influenced in their thinking about an issue
based on their knowledge which they gain from these kind of
studies but do not necessarily need to put this knowledge to
any specific, document use.

Figure 9

References

Grays Anatomy text book

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/
9b/Celestial_Sphere.gif

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Economy wise of the Research:

From my point of view, the simplest of means that the research

utilize in concluding these results which considered of low
coast – high benefit ratio is a critical part of any decision to
proceed with the research utilization that stand on a careful
assessment of the costs and benefits to apply these
observations or the method used in concluding it. The cost –
benefit assessment should encompass likely costs and benefits
of examining the human body in the space lab as a new
technique for space exploration.

In critiquing the integrative data of the research, I think we

should determine whether the problem statement and question
are clearly worded and sufficiently specific, whether the
variables of relation or phenomena under study are adequately
defined and weather the population of interest has been stated.

It is also important to evaluate the relevance of research

question or its importance to some other aspect of science
fields or science workers as the relation between the eye ball
and the earth ball the subject of research may group different
scientific parties from different angles and interests.

20
Conclusions:

The spatial geometry of the eye ball in the knee – head position
which bring the eye ball to be in a specific organizational
context with the earth ball could shed new light on a potential
position may help us to figure out the directions in the celestial
sphere if we combine this model of analogy with the model that
interpret Stonehenge Circa.

The Parallel Organizational Context Potential of the Eye ball

and the Earth ball could yield vital clues to understand
something about the evolution of structural arrangement of the
universe and may support our perception to a fixed direction
for our location in the celestial sphere.

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 Figure 10

The Anterior Pole of the Eye and the South Pole of the
Earth

http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm?i
d=255161
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page
/gal_0061520300.html

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page
/a17_h_148_22725.html

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Panorama

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References:

American Geological Institute

http://www.earthscienceworld.org/images/search/lightboxhir
es.html?ID=h4voqz

Cartesian coordinate system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_coordinate_system

Celestial Coordinate System

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/time/coordinates.ht
ml

ESRI – GIS and Mapping Software, ARC NEWS online

“Visualizing Earth from Space Improves Local GIS”
http://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/fall01articles/visualizing
earth.html

Image Courtesy United States Geological Survey; Image

source: Earth Science World Image Bank
http://www.earthscienceworld.org/images

Motion of the Earth

http://www.school-for-
champions.com/science/earth_motion.htm

NEWS@PRINCETON
http://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S15/64/72A3
7/index.xml?section=newsreleases

Satellite Time, Orbital Coordinate Systems, Part I by Dr. T.S

Kelso. http://celestrak.com/columns/v02n01/

The Earth's Motion

http://www.synapses.co.uk/astro/earthmot.html

The Earth's Rotation

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/the_universe/uts/
earth2.html

TURBO SQUID, Inc.

http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm?id=25516
1

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