E_LEARNING

Today the very rapid technological developments. It is changing the paradigm of the public in finding information. Now, to find information not just limited to newspapers, audio visual and electronic, but also through other information sources such as the Internet. Technological developments also have an impact on education, which education is a process of communication and information between educators and students. Therefore, tercetuslah idea of e-learning. E-learning means learning to use the services help electronic devices, especially computers. In this case, e-learning can not be separated from the Internet, because these media are used as a means of presenting ideas. E-learning is often understood as a form of web-based learning that can be accessed from the internet on a local network or the internet. Actually, elearning materials should not be distributed on-line either through a local network or the Internet, the distribution of off-line using a media CD / DVD also includes e-learning patterns. In this case the application and study materials are developed as needed and distributed through the media CD / DVD, then the learner can take advantage of the CD / DVD and learn at the place where he is. E-learning is the education system or the concept of using information technology in teaching and learning.

History and Development of E-learning

E-learning or electronic learning was first introduced by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign using a system of computer-based instruction (computer-assisted instruction) and a computer named Plato. Since then, the development of E-learning from time to time are as follows: (1) Year 1990: The era of CBT (Computer-Based Training) which began to appear in e-learning applications that run in the form of packaging or standlone PC CD-ROM. Fill in the form of written material as well as multimedia (video and AUDIO) IN FORMAT mov, mpeg-1, or avi. (2) Year 1994: Along with CBT received by the public since 1994 CBT appears in the form of packages more attractive and mass produced. (3) Year 1997: LMS (Learning Management System). Along with the development of internet technology, people in the world are being connected to the internet. The need for information that can be obtained quickly began to be perceived as an absolute necessity, and the distance and location is not a barrier anymore. From this came the LMS. The increasingly rapid development of the LMS create new ideas to address interoperability between LMS with each other by default. Emerging standards such as the shape standards issued by the AICC (Airline Industry CBT Commettee), IMS, SCORM, IEEE LOM, Ariadne, etc..

(4) Year 1999 as the year of application of Web-based E-learning. Development of the LMS to the application of Web-based e-learning developed in total, both for the learner (learner) learning teaching and administration. LMS began to be combined with information sites, magazines, and newspapers. Its contents are also increasingly rich mix of multimedia, video streaming, and interactive display in a wide selection of more standard data format, and small size.

Here are four models of e-learning by Som Naidu (2003), as follows: 1. Individualized self-paced online e-learning / online e-learning on an individual basis This study refers to the situation of an individual learner to access learning resources, such as a data base or material content online via Internet or intranet. 2. Individualized self-paced e-learning online / offline e-learning on an individual basis This study refers to the situation of an individual learner to access learning resources, such as a data base or computer-assisted learning package offline, such as learning to use a CD or DVD. 3. Group synchronously based e-learning / e-learning-based groups simultaneously. This study refers to the situation of a group of learners who learn at once (at the same time) via the internet or intranet. These activities include text-based conferencing, audio, or video. 4. Group asynchronously based e-learning / e-learning-based group is not unison. This study refers to the situation of a group of learners who do not learn at the same time. For example, online discussion via the mailing list or text-based conferencing with a learning management system (learning managements systems). Rule of E_LEARNING There are several benefits of electronic learning or e-learning, which are: learning from anywhere and at any time (time and place flexibility). Increased interaction between the students learning with the teacher or instructor (interactivity enhancement). Reaching out to learners in a wide range (global audience). Facilitate the completion and storage of learning materials (easy updating of content as well as archivable capabilities).

Benefits of e-learning can also be viewed from two perspectives: a. Benefits for students With e-Learning activities made possible the development of high learning flexibility. That is, we can access learning materials at any time and repeatedly. In addition we can also communicate with the teacher / lecturer at any time, for example through chat and email. Given the learning resources that have been packaged electronically and available to be accessed via the internet, then we can make interaction with the learning resources at any time and from anywhere, as well as homework assignments can be submitted to the teacher / lecturer once completed. b. Benefits for teachers With the existence of e-Learning benefits of teachers / lecturers, among others, is that the teacher / lecturer / instructor will be easier to update the materials and teaching models in accordance with the demands of scientific developments that occur, can also efficiently control the learning activities of students Experience of other countries as well as distance learning experience in Indonesia had shown significant success, including: (a) to increase educational equity; (b) reduce the dropout rate or college or drop out of school; (c) enhance learning achievements; (d) increase student attendance in class, (e) improve self-confidence; (f) improve the knowledge (outward looking); (g) address the shortage of education; and (h) improve efficiency. (Soekartawi, 2005)

The advantages of using e-Learning include the following: Saves time teaching and learning process Reduce travel costs Reduce the cost of education as a whole (infrastructure, equipment, books) Reaching a wider geographic area Train more independent learners in gaining knowledge

E-learning facilitate interaction between students with the material / subject matter. Similarly, the interaction between students with lecturer / teacher / instructor and among learners. Learners can share information or opinions on various matters relating to learning or developmental needs of learners. Teacher or instructor can put learning materials and tasks to be done by learners in a specific place on the web to be accessed by learners. In accordance with the needs, teachers / instructors can also provide the opportunity for learners to access a specific learning materials and exam questions that can only be accessed by learners once and within a specific time span.

From the angle of Students With e-Learning activities made possible the development of high learning flexibility. This means that learners can access learning materials at any time and repeatedly. Learners can also communicate with the instructor at any time. With such conditions, the learners can further solidify its control of the learning material. When not only the infrastructure facilities available in urban areas but has reached the rural areas and districts, then the e-Learning activities will provide benefits to students who: (1) learning in small schools in impoverished areas to follow a particular subject that can not be provided by the school, (2) follow the family in the home education program (home schoolers) to mempelajarii learning materials that can not be taught by parents, such as foreign language and computer skills in the field, (3) was a school phobia, or learners who were treated in hospital and at home, who dropped out of school but are interested in continuing their education, issued by the school, as well as students who are in different regions or even outside the country, and (4) is not accommodated in a conventional school to get an education. The angle of Instructors With the e-Learning activities, some of the benefits among other instructors is that the instructor can: (1) easier updating of learning materials to its responsibilities in accordance with the demands of scientific developments that occurred, (2) to develop themselves or conduct research to increase because the time horizons held relatively more,

(3) controls the learning activities of students. Even the instructor can also find out when learners learn, what topics are studied, how long something of topics studied, and how many times a particular topic studied again, (4) check whether the students have been working on practice questions after studying a particular topic, and (5) examine the response of students and notify the results to students.

Plus Minus E-learning (positive and negative impacts)

Currently e-learning teaching methods flourished and become one of the professors to teach students. E-learning or electronic learning is distance learning methods that take advantage of internet technology means (via internet). E-learning methods are typically used by a lecturer who likes to busy and lecturers at a large university such as UI, ITS, Unair, ITB and UB. This is done because the learning method does not require face to face (face to face) between students and lecturers. Students are only required to sit at the computer or laptop and on line on the internet. Lecturers are really only serves as a mediator, facilitator, and motivator. Lecturer enough to give lectures or a module assignment problems via email, and students really need to find their own sources or data from a lecture or a lecturer assigned task.

There are several advantages to be gained from using this method students.

> First, this method of learning can be done anytime and meet the target of origin according to the given university. > Secondly, more efficient and effective. This is because this method saves time and effort, students do not need to go to school to learn, flexible class schedules for class schedules are not standardized and can minimize sleepy or bored when students attend college. If the student was assigned by their teachers can directly seek answers from the task by browsing on the internet instantly. > Third, this method can save the cost of students. If all the professors at the university to use this method, the students do not pay tuition in large numbers. Students do not need to spend money to browse the internet because most of the university to provide hot spot facility (wi fi zone). > Fourth, students must be fully active in the learning process, because the lecturer is only acting as a director, mediator, motivator, and facilitator. > Fifth, indirectly, this learning method encourages students to utilize technology sahingga students not only gain knowledge but also so as not clueless (stuttering technology). Given the advanced age and the mastery of modern technology like this is needed.

>Sixth, it can save the use of paper used to record or do other tasks that can help prevent the expansion or acceleration of global warming. As we all know that paper made from raw material tree, while the tree is a "silencer" global warming.

The use of e-learning teaching methods in addition have a positive but also negative impact on students. Some of the losses incurred from the use of e-learning methods for students.

> First, not all courses require the student should be fully active, such as calculus courses, statistics, accounting, physics or other subjects kantitatif that requires guidance from teachers directly. For the course of such learning as is usually still very much needed by the student. > Second, this method makes students become lazy because everything is instant. >Third, the use of Internet technology in teaching and learning makes students farther away from the book. Yet somehow the book is a window to the world. In addition to the accountability of the lessons taught through e-learning method is difficult to prove because of the learning in the virtual world, where in this world can all be manipulated with ease. > Fourth, the lack of or lack of face to face between faculty and students to make communication between them is less, but this time directly komunukasi indispensable. In addition, sometimes students did not know who his teachers so that students lacking respect for teachers.

E-learning in the Era of Globalization

Computer-assisted learning (PBK) or Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) is the beginning of the emergence of e-learning. In the era of globalization, as now, the application of e-Learning is an effective strategy to catch our nation with other nations are already a step ahead in the field of science and technology (science), especially information technology. As a solution, e-Learning has the advantage of the development costs are cheaper, better and faster. * More Affordable. Said to be cheaper because, learning methods in e-Learning does not require participants to attend a teaching and learning spaces that have been previously defined as meeting rooms and spaces where teaching and learning process occurs. In addition, the method of e-Learning, is not required the existence of or the provision of a tutor. * More Baek. Said to be better because, learning methods in e-Learning does not define a participant as part of all other participants to follow the way of learning more friends. That is, the speed of learning is determined by self not by the ability to be uniform in the classroom. This is, obviously making

those with high intelligence can learn the subject matter to be studied in more depth and more interesting information.

* Faster. Said to be faster because, methods of learning in e-Learning gives freedom to the participants not to attend the classroom if they want to get answers to questions on a field that currently they do or learn, provided that the participant has a right of access to information technology devices (eg computers) , the faster it will soon get the information sought, even without disadiri he probably will get much more than what he was looking for. This is very different from that of conventional learning methods, which if there is a problem that requires an answer, usually the solution of the problem is described only in a classroom course, is generally performed by faculty.

Any person or organization that wants to win the competition in such a competitive, should take positive steps quickly. E-learning as a strategy and solution conditions accelerate so quickly become a thing of sync, so it can be said to e-learning is a powerful weapon to win the competition are applied in an increasingly competitive in this globalization era. TERMS, BENEFITS AND CONSTRAINTS OF E-LEARNING Terms of E-learning According to the newsletter of ODLQC, 2001 (in Siahaan) the terms of the activities of electronic learning (e-learning) is: a. learning activities through the utilization of this network in the internet. b. Availability of learning support services that can be utilized by the participants learned, for example, CD-ROM or printed materials c. availability of tutor support services that can help participants learn when experiencing difficulties d. the institutions that organize / manage e-learning activities e. a positive attitude toward teachers and computer technology and internet f. the design of learning systems that can be learned / known by each participant to learn g. a system of evaluation of progress or development of the study participants to learn h. a feedback mechanism developed by the organizers

Also in Sembel, 2004, the things that need to be there to "turn on" e-learning are: a. Subject Matter Expert (SME), a learning resource from being delivered. b. Instructional Designer (ID), tasked to systematically design a material matter of SME elearning by incorporating teaching methods so that the material becomes more interactive, easier, and more interesting to learn. c. Graphic Designer (GD), tasked to transform the material into the form of graphical text with images, colors, and layout are pleasing, effective, and interesting to learn.

d. Learning Management System (LMS), tasked with managing the system on the website that regulate traffic between instructor interaction with students, antarsiswa with other students, as well as other matters related to learning, such as assignments, grades, student learning and achievement rankings.

E-learning excellence
E-learning can be quickly accepted and then adopted is because it has the advantages / benefits as follows: a. cost reduction b. Flexibility. Can learn anytime and anywhere, as long as connected to the internet. c. Personalization. Students can learn according to their learning ability. d. Standardization. With e-learning to overcome the differences that come from teachers, such as: how to teach, the materials and the mastery of a different material, thus providing a more consistent quality standards. e. Effectiveness. A study by JD Fletcher suggests that the level of retention and application of learning through e-learning methods increased by 25% compared to the use of traditional training f. Speed. Velocity distribution of course materials will increase, because the lesson can be quickly delivered via the internet.

Constraints e-learning
Obstacles or barriers in implementing e-learning, namely: a. Investment. Although e-learning could eventually save the cost of education, but require a huge investment in the beginning. b. Culture. Use of e-learning requires self-learning culture and customs to learn or follow the learning through computers. c. Technology and infrastructure. E-learning requires a computer, a reliable network, and the right technology. d. Design material. Delivery of content via e-learning need to be packaged in the form of a learner-centric. Currently there are very few instructional designers who are experienced in making a package of e-learning lessons are adequate.

IMPACT OF E-LEARNING AND FINANCING

The emergence of e-learning have a major impact on education. The parties to the most major role in education did not escape the impact of e-learning. Students learn to feel the sensation that is totally different than the conventional classroom. Their access to information has also increased dramatically. In addition, students can also choose their own ways of learning were deemed best suited to their personality when e-learning classes. The educators felt the impact of the use of e-learning to the teaching methods used. They need to make adaptations in the way of teaching a course different from that delivered by conventional methods.

It is also necessary expertise to provide an attractive learning materials to be used through e-learning system and use the features provided in the e-learning system with optimal and efficient. Educational institutions are also feeling the effects of the use of e-learning, particularly in terms of cost of education. Institutions are also responsible for training teachers and personnel to provide the technology or media that are the foundation of e-learning systems are used. It should be noted that the education mentioned above not only about the world of education in an academic environment, but also covers the world of education in the business environment, such as training, held a company to its employees. Financing of e-learning aspect of financing is one of the main concerns for those who want to use e-learning system, both the company's business, the educational institution, or the user. Keep in mind that the financing was in e-learning system, the funds must be spent not a little. When compared with the conventional classroom, the cost incurred to conduct e-learning was greater because of the infrastructure necessary for a sustainable e-learning also requires a huge investment. These cost differences can occur because the world of e-learning education is very much different from conventional education, so that the necessary expertise and infrastructure is much different. This infrastructure consists of not only the technology infrastructure, but also includes non-technological infrastructure needed to support e-learning course, such as the cost of providing materials, marketing costs and also the cost of human resources required.

These costs would be even greater as the quality to be achieved through e-learning. This causes a problem with the cost of some educational institutions have limited financial choose to cooperate with another educational institution or service provider companies developing elearning system for conducting e-learning. But the company has sufficient funds to develop their own e-learning system it uses, and even in some cases, the system can also be used by external parties perusahaan.Walau cost is very large, e-learning continues to attract attention because of e-learning offers an a very different and not owned by a conventional classroom. In terms of cost, the funds could be saved by consumers / users of e-learning is significant, including the cost of

relocation costs, transportation costs from home to campus, loss of income, professional costs, and also time for family. This is the key driver of consumers choosing e-learning compared to the conventional. A variety of other savings institutions are also felt by holding e-learning in terms of administrative burden and expense ratio of the addition of education to increase the number of students.