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Chapter 03.

04
Newton-Raphson Method of Solving a Nonlinear
Equation More Examples
Civil Engineering

Example 1
You are making a bookshelf to carry books that range from 8" to 11" in height and would
take up 29"of space along the length. The material is wood having a Youngs Modulus of
, thickness of 3/8" and a width of 12". You want to find the maximum vertical
deflection of the bookshelf. The vertical deflection of the shelf is given by
Msi 667 . 3
x x x x x v 018507 . 0 10 66722 . 0 10 13533 . 0 10 42493 . 0 ) (
4 6 5 8 3 4
=


where x is the position along the length of the beam. Hence to find the maximum deflection
we need to find where 0 ) ( = =
dx
dv
x f and conduct the second derivative test.

x
Books
Bookshelf

Figure 1 A loaded bookshelf.

The equation that gives the position x where the deflection is maximum is given by

0 018507 . 0 10 12748 . 0 10 26689 . 0 10 67665 . 0
2 3 3 5 4 8
= +

x x x

Use the Newton-Rapshon method of finding roots of equations to find the position x where
the deflection is maximum. Conduct three iterations to estimate the root of the above
equation. Find the absolute relative approximate error at the end of each iteration, and the
number of significant digits at least correct at the end of each iteration.

03.04.1
03.04.2 Chapter 03.04

Solution
( ) 0 018507 . 0 10 12748 . 0 10 26689 . 0 10 67665 . 0
2 3 3 5 4 8
= + =

x x x x f
( ) 0 10 25496 . 0 10 80067 . 0 10 7066 . 2
3 2 5 3 8
= + = '

x x x x f
Let us take the initial guess of the root of ( ) 0 = x f as . x 10
0
=

Iteration 1
The estimate of the root is

( )
( )
0
0
0 1
x f
x f
x x
'
=

) 10 ( 10 25496 . 0 ) 10 ( 10 80067 . 0 ) 10 ( 10 7066 . 2
018507 . 0 ) 10 ( 10 12748 . 0
) 10 ( 10 26689 . 0 ) 10 ( 10 67665 . 0
10
3 2 5 3 8
2 3
3 5 4 8


+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=




3
3
10 7219 . 1
10 4956 . 8
10


=
( ) 9339 . 4 10 =
934 . 14 =
The absolute relative approximate error
a
e at the end of Iteration 1 is
100
1
0 1

= e
x
x x
a

100
934 . 14
10 934 . 14

=
% 038 . 33 =
The number of significant digits at least correct is 0, as you need an absolute relative
approximate error of less than for one significant digit to be correct in your result. % 5

Iteration 2
The estimate of the root is
( )
( )
1
1
1 2
x f
x f
x x
'
=

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=


) 934 . 14 ( 10 25496 . 0
) 934 . 14 ( 10 80067 . 0 ) 934 . 14 ( 10 7066 . 2
018507 . 0 ) 934 . 14 ( 10 12748 . 0
) 934 . 14 ( 10 26689 . 0 ) 934 . 14 ( 10 67665 . 0
934 . 14
3
2 5 3 8
2 3
3 5 4 8




3
4
10 9317 . 1
10 9829 . 6
934 . 14

=
( ) 36149 . 0 934 . 14 =
572 . 14 =
The absolute relative approximate error at the end of Iteration 2 is
a
e
Newton-Raphson Method More Examples: Civil Engineering 03.04.3

100
2
1 2

= e
x x

x
a
100
572 . 14
934 . 14 572 . 14

=
% 4806 . 2 =
The number an of signific t digits at least correct is 1, because the absolute relative
approximate error is less than % 5 .

eration 3 It
The estimate of the root is
( )
( )
2
2
2 3
f
x f
x x =
x '

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

=


) 572 . 14 ( 10 25496 . 0
) 572 . 14 ( 10 80067 . 0 ) 572 . 14 ( 10 7066 . 2
018507 . 0 ) 572 . 14 ( 10 12748 . 0
) 572 . 14 ( 10 26689 . 0 ) 572 . 14 ( 10 67665 . 0
572 . 14
3
2 5 3 8
2 3
3 5 4 8




3
9
10 9314 . 1
10 7078 . 4
572 . 14


=
( )
6
10 4375 . 2 572 . 14

=
572 . 14 =
T solu e he ab te relativ approximate error
a
e at the end of Iteration 3 is
100
2 3

= e
x x

3
x
a
100
572 . 14
572 . 14 572 . 14

=

5
10 6727 . 1

=
Hence the number of significant digits at least correct is given by the largest value of for m
which

m
s e
2
10 5 . 0
a
.
m


s
2 5
10 5 0 10 6727 . 1

m


s
2 5
10 10 3454 . 3
( ) m s

2 10 3454 . 3 log
5

( ) 4756 . 6 10 3454 . 3 log 2
5
s

m =
So
number of significant digits at least correct in the estimated root 14.572 is 6.
6 = m
The



03.04.4 Chapter 03.04

NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
Topic Newton-Raphson Method-More Examples
Summary Examples of Newton-Raphson Method
icalmethods.eng.usf.edu
Major Civil Engineering
Authors Autar Kaw
Date August 7, 2009
Web Site http://numer

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