Case Study

1
Smarana War Memorial Center at
Chandigarh
SITE
LOCATION: CHANDIGARH, INDIA Capital of Punjab & Haryana 1. Probable site (near Sukhna lake) 2. Present war memorial 3. Secretariat area
B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

4. Reserved forest in Shivalik Hills
Chandigarh
SITE SURROUNDING

Connecting Road
Chandigarh
Just next Proposed Site | Area: 60,000 to it, sq.m there is an artificial lakeSukhna Lake Easily
Main Road
Lake Club
Existing Gurudwara
accessed, at a distance of 750m (approx.) from the major road, Uttar Marg. Lake Reserved Sukhna Lake
Forest
SITE FEATURES Almost horizontal platform in the north side and slopes down from north to south towards lake. Lies in the foot of shivalik hills Lies nearby the recreational activities of Chandigarh.
Good View potential hills in North-east
The site has high potentials to good vistas Sun behind mountains at sunrise time Sinking sun behind lake at sunset time
Good View potential Greenery and lake at south and south-west

SITE PICTURES View 1 View 2
Chandigarh
View 2
View 1
Site view from the lake side
Chandigarh
Greenery area side by the site Sunrise view from walkway along Sukhna Lake, opposite to the site
Why Chandigar h?

At present and even if we see past, a major part of
Chandigarh
ABOUT
military strength comes from Punjab and Haryana. Chandigarh is the Headquarter of the western command of the Indian Army. It has very remarkable Tourist attraction. Over 9,00,000 domestic tourists visit in 2010. Around 39,500 foreign tourists visited the city in 2010.
Source: http://www.ndtv.com/article/ci ties/why-foreign-tourists-areflocking-chandigarh Updated: February 03, 2011 11:03 IST
CHANDIGARH
The City Of
Peace
It has a good amount of Military mobilization There are many military academy in north India Will act as inspiration to the visitors as well as our soldiers
FACT FILE
Area
114 s
Chandigarh
AVERAGE temperature
Longitude Latitude Altitude
Annual Rainfall (average) Monsoon Temperature
Spring: The climate remains quite pleasant during the spring season (from midFebruary to mid-March and then from mid-September to mid-October). Temperatures vary between (max) 16 C to 25 C and (min) 9 C to 18 C.
Prevalent Winds
Total Population (2010 census)
Autumn: In autumn (from Mid-March to April), the temperature may rise to a maximum of 36 C. Temperatures usually remain between 16 to 27 in autumn. The minimum temperature is around 11 C.
Density of population/sq. km. Sex Ratio (per 1000 males)
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Chandigarh has a humid subtropical climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm: very hot summers, mild winters, unreliable rainfall and great variation in temperature (-1 C to 41.2 C). In winter, pieces of snow sometimes occurs during December and January. The average annual rainfall is 1110.7 mm. The city also receives occasional winter rains from the west.
Summer: The temperature in summer (from Mid-May to Mid-June) may rise to a maximum of 45 C (rarely). Temperatures generally remain between 35 C to 40 C (94 - 101F).
Monsoon: During monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Chandigarh receives moderate to heavy rainfall and sometimes heavy to very heavy rainfall (generally during the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the city receives heavy rain from south (which

is mainly a persistent rain) but it generally receives most of its rain during monsoon either from North-west or North-east. Maximum amount of rain received by the city of Chandigrah during monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a single day. Winter: Winters (November to Mid-March) are mild but it can sometimes get quite chilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures in the winter remain at (max) 7 C to 15 C and (min) -3 C to 5 C. Rain usually comes from the west during winters and it is usually a persistent rain for 2 3 days with sometimes hailstorms.
Chandigarh
Average Rainfall chart over the year
Annual rainfall: 111.4 cm Monsoon season: July September
SOLAR RADIATION
Average temperature chart over the year
RAINFALL

Average Sunshine chart over the year
Chandigarh
SUN PATH DIAGRAM DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION AND SKY CLEARANCE
WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED
10
Chandigarh
Sun Angle varies from 35 to 82 degree. Optimize North Light. Allow sunlight in winter.
Dry Climate. Water bodies.
DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
11

CHANDIGARH INTRODUCTION Designed by Swiss-born French Architect Le Corbusier in the 1950s. The only planned city in independent India. Green cover is 38.8 % of its geographical area, maximum in the country. Very well-known tourist place which also include huge foreigners in nos. Valuable Educational trips to study the Le Corbusier Architecture style. Public transportation: Local buses, auto rickshaws and private taxi service.
Chandigarh
Chandigarh is
known internationally for its architecture and urban planning. Chandigarh is home to numerous architectural projects of Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Matthew Nowicki, and Albert Mayer. The city tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the highest per capita income in the country at Rs.99, 262 at current prices and Rs.70,361 at constant prices (20062007). As per a study conducted by Ministry of Urban Development, Chandigarh has emerged as the cleanest city in India,while also topping the List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index.
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES Located in the foothills of the Shivalik hill ranges, a part of the fragile Himalayan ecosystem. Occupied by Bhabhar in the north east and Tarai and alluvial plains in the remaining part. The subsurface formation comprises of beds of boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand, silt, clays and kankar.
The city plan was conceived as post war Garden City wherein vertical and high rise buildings were ruled out, keeping in view
12

the socio economic-conditions and living habits of the people.
Chandigarh
buildings were characterized by an "honesty of materials". Exposed brick and boulder LE CORBUSIERS MASTER PLAN stone masonry in its rough form produced unfinished concrete surfaces, in geometrical Le Corbusier structures. This produced a plan became the for Chandigarh architectural form that conformed to characteristic of the modern city Chandigarh, set planning amidst principles landscaped of Congrs Le Pierre gardens and Maxwell Jane B. International parks. Corbusie Jeannere
r t Fry Drew
d'ArchitectureModerne CIAM, in terms of division of urban functions, an anthropomorphic plan form, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks. This vision of Chandigarh, contained in the innumerable conceptual maps on the drawing board together with notes and sketches had to be translated into brick and mortar. Le Corbusier retained many of the seminal ideas of Mayer and Nowicki, like the basic framework of the master plan and its components: The Capitol, City Center, besides the University, Industrial area, and linear parkland. Even the neighborhood unit was retained as the basic module of planning. However, the curving outline of Mayer and Nowicki was reorganized into a mesh of rectangles, and the
The primary module of citys design is a Sector, a neighborhood unit of size 800 meters x 1200 meters. It is a selfsufficient unit having shops, school, health centers and places of recreations and worship. The population of a sector varies between 3000 and 20000
13

depending upon the sizes of plots and the topography of the area. The shops are located along the V4 street (shopping street), which runs North-West to SouthLocation Architect : Berlin, Germany : Daniel Libeskind
Chandigarh
Structural features which have been gathered in this space of Berlin and
Competition : 1989 Completion : 1999 Opening Net Area Structure Facade : 2001 : 120, 000 sq. ft. : Reinforced Concrete with Zinc
laid bare in an architecture where the unnamed remains the name which keeps still.
Building Cost: USD 40.05 million East across the sector. Every sector is introvert in character and permits only 4 vehicular entries into its interior.
--Daniel Libeskind
CASE STUDY
JEWISH Museum
The Jewish Museum Berlin was originallyfounded on OranienburgerStrae in 1933. It was closed in 1938 by the Nazi regime. The idea to revive the museum was firstvoiced in 1971, and an Association for aJewish Museum was founded in 1975. Competition for the design of the new buildingwas held in 1989, building was completedin 1999 but officially opened in 2001.
The Jewish Museum is conceived as an emblem in which the Invisible and the Visible are the Sources: http://berlin101.com/jewish -museum-berlin/ B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur http://www.bates.edu/magazine/uncoveringberlin/berlin
14

The aim of the project was a critical reconstructionof the historical city plan, usingcontemporary architectural means. An international jury headed by Josef Paul Kleiheusreviewed 165 submissions and awarded first prize to Daniel Libeskind.
Chandigarh
SITE LOCATION The Jewish Museum marks a special point onthe map of Berlin. It is located at the intersectionofMarkgrafenstras se and Lindenstrasse. It lies on the edge of Friedrichstadt. The location is an area near the Wall. Thesedesigns try to help create a new language forBerlin while respondingto the fragmentationand segregation of the area.
KEY WORDS It is a museum for all Berliners, all citizens. It is an attempt to give a voice to a common fate The extension is conceived as an emblem of Hope.
The void and the invisible are ARCHITECTURE OF THE the structural Features. MUSEUM It is the form that describes the museum In terms of the city, the idea is Zis-zag geometry to givenewvalue to the existing context. exhibition accommodates historical collection that includes Jewish religion, customs and ritual objects History of Jewish community in Germany, including the rise and decimation of Jews under the Nazis
Materials on the lives and works of Jews who left their mark on the face and history of Berlin over the centuries PLAN DETAIL No conventional placement of windows Building plan revolves around three principle axis corresponding to the Window pattern were defined by plotting the lines of connectivity three phases of Jewish history in Berlin between individual places of Jewish importance on the Berlin city map The three axis forms the circulation plan of the museum Dramatically cladded in vertical zinc panels An empty corridor called Void slices through the entire building
15
Chandigarh
DESIGN IDEA To build the museum around a void that runs through it, a void to be experienced by the public.
CIRCULATION DETAIL It is presented on three axis: Axis of continuity connecting old building to the main staircase that leads up to the exhibition levels Axis of Emigration which leads outside to the Garden of Exile Axis of Holocaust which ends at the Holocaust Tower The museum does not have its own separate public entrance Share a common entrance The entrance of the Berlin museum (old) confront a giant stairwell to reach an underground corridor leading to the Jewish museum
16
Chandigarh
The Voids represent the centralstructural element of the NewBuilding. Axis of Continuity From the Old Building, a staircaseleads down to the basementthrough a Void of bare concrete which joins the two buildings. Five Voids run vertically through the new building. These voids are just walls of bare concrete: notheated or air conditioned. Largely without artificial light. Axis of Holocaust areas are painted in graphite-black to contrast with the remaining Void grey. Axis of Emigration The floor of one of them is covered by a steel sculpture created, a collection of faces, named Shalechet (Fallen Leaves) by the Israeli Artist MenasheKadishman.
GARDEN OF EXILE
The garden is meant to communicate that exile is a difficult experience, regardless of the fate that is being escaped. The Garden of Exile reached afterleaving the second axis. VOIDS Forty-nine concrete columns rise out of the square plot The whole garden is 12 gradientmeant to disorient visitors with asense of total instability and lack of orientation. This garden depicts those driven out of Germany B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur Oleaster grows on top of pillars:symbolizing hope These 49 concrete columns stand firmly over the slanted floor in a 7x7
17
Chandigarh
MATERIAL ZINC CLADDING Structural members are madeexternally visible within the zinc cladding.
HOLOCAUST TOWER The Holocaust Tower, an empty concrete tower. It is a void outside the museumbuilding. It is a bare concrete tower 24 meters high. It is simply a concrete tetrahedral space. It isnt heated, air-conditioned, or insulated. It is lit by a single narrow slit highabove the ground. You can hear the B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IITworld outside world but youre sure the outside Kharagpur cannot hear you, a very small idea of what it must have been like to experience the Holocaust.
18

Provides a sheathed building with a tectonic connotation. There is notearthworkhearthroofframe worklightweight enclosingmember. Zinc clad monolith remainstectonic and solid The structure seems to sit lightlyon the surface of the park The detailed zinc claddinglightens the critical mass of theobject. In time the shine of the zincwill dull down to blue-grey STRUCTURE
Chandigarh
The Jewish Museum has sharp,angular shards, with gravitydefying walls. Libeskind reproduces the horridityof the Concentrationcamps by using high-techmaterials to define a specific geometry. This geometry is intended tomake you feel physically ill and recreates the terrible purpose behind the camps. The structural engineersbrought tangible order andform to a building sized sculpturethrough structural, geotechnicaland civil buildingservices. Some of the interior walls aresloped at angles so acute itsimpossible to hang artwork. Libeskind makes it impossibletoperceive the whole structurein standard terms: almost invisible. EXHIBITION AND DISPLAYS
19
Chandigarh
displayed over these inclined walls.
NEW ZEALAND MEMORIAL

New Zealand Memorial Location : Hyde Park Corner, London Architect : John Hardwick-Smith with sculptor Paul Dibble Three axis used for major transition from one place to another has also display galleries on the side walls. The slit openings on the walls do not have any coherence with the different floor levels. These openings also act like an element in the exhibition areas. The interior walls have been slanted and the artefacts are B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur Dedication year : November 11 2006
20

Commemorates the enduring bonds between New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and the shared sacrifice of the two countries during times of war. It is also called 'Southern Stand' and consists of 16 bronze sculptures of varying
Chandigarh
The top of all the sculptures are cut at a diagonal plane. Memorial to the war dead of New Zealand in the First and Second World Wars.
heights. All these sculptures set out in a particular formation
Angled cruciform shafts stake their place confidently in meaningful grid-like formation.
across a grassy slope.
- The forward-leaning angle of the standards gives them a defiant pose "reminiscent of
21

warriors during haka, the defensive bat in cricket, and the barrel of a shouldered gun". Each of the poles is quite different. These proud forms are beautifully embellished with a myriad of patterns, erasures, readings and smaller sculptural pieces. DESIGN IDEA
Chandigarh
Set in a position where the main pedestrian route runs through the memorial. Makes visitors walk amongst the sculptures, encouraging people to stop and explore. words and images spread awareness of the relationship between the two countries.
22
Chandigarh
Names of New Zealand towns on Standard 14. The iconic New Zealand fern (copied from a soldiers' badge) on Standard 1.
NIGHT TIME EFFECT Tops are illuminated so that the crosses appear like the southern stars, indicating the compass direction south, and pointing the way home for wandering Kiwis.
BALIDAN STAMBH
Location : Jammu Plot Size : 20 acres (countrys largest memorial)
23

Architect : Ar. Subhrangshu Gupta and Ar. Aneeta Gupta
Chandigarh
It boasts of a 60-metre tower designed like a bayonetedrifle A necklace of 52 pillars A black granite wall in the background narrates history of each of the wars ELEMENTS Three water bodies are provided depicting gradual alleviation of the grief in their death An eternal flame at the base of the tower signifies the timeless commemoration of their sacrifice
The memorial immortalizes the supreme sacrifice made by the martyrs of our security forces in post-independence wars and counter-insurgency operations in the border state of Jammu &Kashmir.
24
Chandigarh
Two golden spirals putting together forms the enclosure
DistributedServices Necklace of 52 pillars 60m Tower With 8,000 names of martyrs
Water body
CHANDIGARH WAR MEMORIAL

The newest War Memorial of the country, designed by 2 students of CCA. It is dedicated to Army, Air Force and Navy, all the three services at one place. It commemorates nearly 8500 names of the martyrs carved on the stone. It is the part of the Bouganvillea Garden in sector 3 of Chandigarh.
25
Chandigarh
26

red Stone.
Chandigarh
Flooring: PCC, paver tiles, Agra Black granite on concrete walls

for name carving.
NATIONAL MUSEUM , DELHI
Located on Janpath, Delhi near by India gate Separate sections has been provided for different collection. It also has special galleries dedicated to special events,
Two opposite ends of the memorial,
making access to the center.
MATERIALS Metal sculpture at the center. Concrete walls with voids.
e.g. Indus Valley Civilization etc.
27 SPATIAL DETAIL
Chandigarh
LIGHTING AND LIGHT FIXTURES
LIGHTING GUIDELINES Light fixtures are positioned such that there should be no glare effect after reflection As much as possible, diffuse light is preferred. There should be no direct light to the viewers eyes.
28

Spot lights
Chandigarh
Light fixtures put in grooves made in the ceiling Light directed to the ceiling to get diffused indirect light Cove lighting to diffuse the light LIGHTING FIXTURES TYPES Ceiling mounted
Monorail lighting providing flexibility in adjustment of fixtures
DISPLAY SYSTEMS AND TYPES
Recessed fixtures Wall mounted fixture Pendants Monorail lighting system
ISPLAY MEDIUM Display through photographs and images Through sculptures Through Picturesque display
29 DISPLAY TYPES Wall mounted Free Standing

Open exhibits
Chandigarh
Closed case exhibits
30
Chandigarh
LITERATURE STUDY
BUILDING BYE LAWS CHANDIGARH Chandigarh Periphery Controlled Area The Punjab Government has declared a belt of 16 kms around the Union Territory of Chandigarh as controlled area under section 3 of this Act. The controlled area has certain restrictions on change of land use and erection or re-erection of structures. It is not permissible to any person to change the land use or to raise structure in contravention of these restrictions. Section 4d of the PUDA Policy Considering the fact that Chandigarh and SAS Nagar are emerging as fast-developing nodes, it is natural that institutions with larger land requirements would tend to get located here. In addition, the area is becoming ripe for establishing sports, recreation, leisure and tourismrelated activities. The Committee feels that such institutions and
activities, which have requirement of large open/vacant land area but B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
31

smaller built-up area, can be considered for location within the entire it to Periphery. would consider be the such Accordingly, appropriate option of
Chandigarh
locating
activities within the Periphery, subject to detailed guidelines, land and development norms being put in place, which are brought out in the detailed guidelines placed at AnnexureB.
Le
Corbusier
Charles-douardJeanneret-Gri
To create architecture is to put in order. Put what in order? _Function and objects.
Birth place: Switzerland Oct 6, 1887 to Aug 27, 1965 Architect, Designer, Urbanist, Writer and also Painter Famous for his contributions to the Architecture of present which is now known by the name Modern Architecture. B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
32
Chandigarh
INFLUENCE ON ARCHITECTURE IN INDIAN CONTEXT Conceptualized as a symbol of India 's progressive thinkingin Jawaharlal Nehru's words -
"a new city unlettered by the traditions of the past, an expression of the nation's faith in the future.
Grid based planning is done. 7 vs road system is used. Idea of self-supporting neighbourhood unit known as a sector (presently 30 in nos. Most of the buildings are in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail. It's landscaping is as good as its architectural ambience.
EDICT OF CHANDIGARH The objective is to enlighten the present and future citizens of Chandigarh about the basic concepts of planning of the city to save it from whims of individuals.
The main feature of this edict are its Human scale Self-sufficient sectors Roads system Areas of special interest Architectural control B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
33
Chandigarh
This edict sets out the following basic ideas underlying the planning of the city. Human scale
The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale. It puts us in touch with the infinite cosmos and nature. It provides us with places and buildings for all human activities by which the citizens can live a full and harmonious life.
Landscaping
Selected ornamental trees, shrubs and climbers have been planted according to colour schemes to beautify it. In future planting and replacements, these principles must be kept in view. There should be no haphazard replacements, so that the avenues retain their harmony and beauty. The Leisure V alley, the Rajendra Park and other parks shall be developed as parks only and no building other than already planned shall be permitted
No personal statues shall be erected
No personal statues shall be erected in the city or parks of Chandigarh , The city is planned to breathe the new sublimated spirit of art. Commemoration of persons shall be confined to suitably placed bronze plaques.
Truthfulness of building materials to be maintained
Use of concrete, bricks and stone, shall be maintained in all buildings constructed or to be constructed.
The lake
The Lake is a gift of the creators of Chandigarh to the citizens to be at one with me lake and its environments and its tranquillity shall be guaranteed by banning noises. B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
34
Chandigarh
Areas of special architectural interest
Certain areas of Chandigarh are of special architectural interest. Absolute architectural and zoning control should remain operative. Along V -2 central, dual carriageways Madhya Marg and Uttar Marg, where skyline, heights, character and architecture of buildings as planned shall not be altered. No building shall be constructed north of the Capitol Complex. Along V -2 beyond dual carriageway areas are reserved for cultural institutions only and shall never have any residential buildings.
Open Hand
35
Chandigarh
"This sign of the Open Hand is a sign of peace and of reconciliation," _Le
Corbusier said.
The Open Hand is meant to receive the created riches, and to distribute them to the peoples of the world. This symbolises that humanity had choices, and did not have to accept the falsities of the world around oneself.
36

CROSS-SECTION OF WALKWAY ALONG SUKHNA LAKE
Chandigarh
People use this stretch for morning/evening walks, jogging, and sit facing the lake to watch sunrise view in the morning with hills in the back.
37

IN AND AROUND CHANDIGARH High court at Chandigarh
Chandigarh
38
Chandigarh
(a) Full height Grand entrance soleil (Le-Corbusier element. (Concrete Sun
(b) Full height brisefeaturing
Breakers).
Central service core with ramp for vertical movement Double roof system with projections for sun shade
39
Chandigarh
The Secretariat and Assembly The Secretariat and Assembly Hall Hall 40
Chandigarh
Various Government Buildings B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
41
Chandigarh
CONCLUSIONS Interpreted as an interlaced array of sun breakers. The longest building is 254m long, and 42m high eight
storey: the Secretariat. Pedestrian plaza with motor traffic separated into sunken trenches leading to parking areas. Horizontal circulation is by means of a central corridor. B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
42
Chandigarh
Free standing exterior ramps enclosed in rough concrete walls. Full height concrete brisesoleil- the sun breakers (Corbusier feature). It is the concrete screen which gives the main faade its overall unity. To maximize natural lighting and increase cross-ventilation, a long and narrow plan was implemented. The narrow curving ramp at the end of the entrance hall is exposed. Rough concrete finished ramp. Material: Exposed concrete, exposed brick, Steel structure I-beams.
zfafa
43
Chandigarh
SPATIAL REQUIREMENT GALLERIES

TYPES OF EXHIBITS
44
Chandigarh
QUALITY OF SPACE DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS Perception and interpretation of various exhibits through: Concise and unambiguous interpretation. Development of focus on an unfolding theme/ story and on one/ group of items at a time. Sequential shift of focus as the story unfolds. Well-paced and stimulating visitor experience. EXHIBITION DISPLAY MODULE
45 Legend:
Chandigarh
a.
Item/s from the Collection
b. c.
Support to rest the object Preservation: protection of vulnerable or removable parts
d. e.
Lighting Information corner
Source: Metric Planning & Design Data Handbook
46

Interpretive Information in the form of: Passive Communication Label,GraphicInformation. Active Communication Automatic/Continuoussoundtrack,animatedgraphic, Audio-visualpresentationorkineticdevice. ReactiveCommunication User activated (Pushbutton,pressurepad,proximity switch),sound,animation,audio- visualorkinetic. InteractiveCommunicationEducational Technology,microp rocessorcontrolled device,onlinedatabasesetc
Chandigarh
Various parameters to consider:
Scale Proportio n Color
Lighting Texture Acoustics
Juxtaposition Variety Contrast
DISPLAY AND LIGHTING
47
Chandigarh
Options for different lighting schemes and different B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
48

Gallery schemes are as shown above. LIGHTING ARRANGEMENT Direct symmetric lighting (1) preferred for all general illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, etc. The required level of illumination can be achieved with relatively little electrical power. When designing a lighting system, an angle of illumination between 70 to 90 degrees should be tried first.
Chandigarh
Down lights (2) can provide uniform wall illumination while the effect on the rest of the room is that of direct lighting. Wall floods on a power supply (3) can also give uniform wall illumination over the required area, depending upon the separation between the lamp and the wall. Fluorescent lamps and halogen filament lamps can
also be used. Wall floods for ceiling installation (4) can be sited so as to provide low room light or illumination of one wall. These can also make use of halogen filament lamps and fluorescent lamps.
Down lighting with directed spotlights B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
49
Chandigarh
(5) using a regular arrangement of lamps on the ceiling and ceiling reflectors can give different lighting levels in the room Halogen filament lamps are most suitable, in particular those with low-voltage bulbs. Indirect lighting (6) can give an impression of a bright room free of glare even at low lighting levels, although the room must be sufficiently high and careful ceiling design is needed to give the required luminance. Energy
consumption in this form of lighting is up to 3 times higher than for direct lighting so combinations are often used providing the room height is adequate ( h >= 3m ) Fluorescent lamps are usually used in direct/indirect lighting, but they may also be combined with filament lamps (7). Ceiling and flood floors are employed to illuminate ceiling and floor surfaces. They usually use halogen filaments. (8 & 9)
50
Chandigarh
Wall lights are principally used for decorative wall lighting and can also incorporate special effects. To a limited extent, they can also be used for the illumination of ceilings or floors (10).
51
Chandigarh
Spacing between light fittings and between the light fittings and the walls depends on the height of the room (1 to 4).
52
Chandigarh
53
Chandigarh
The preferred incidence at which the light strikes objects and wall areas Theflowdiagramsandth is between 30 to 40 degrees. (5 to 9) e massingoptionsaresho wnin thefollowingpictureswh ich giveabasicideaofhowth e design is to be approached at. The shading angle of download lighting lies between 30 and 50 degrees (10). Sincemuseumsarelong term developments,flexibilit yin termsofchangeofspace s shouldbeintroducedwit hinthe design.Thisisparticularl yof importanceforexhibitio ns which
54
Chandigarh
CIRCULATION
55
Chandigarh
The circulation within the museum can be attributed to one of the following types.
Open plan Large autonomous exhibits, free circulation Bays and columns- scale, structure and proportion Level changes circulation, mechanical aids Roof spans- single/multiple Service Spaces- under floor/ overhead area Air circulation environmental control, energy Consideration
Core and satellites Core space for orientation to museum /subject/ collections Satellite spaces for autonomous exhibits themes/ collections Core/satellite- sitting of temporary/changing exhibit or special exhibitions Free circulation from core to specific Satellite
Linear procession
Linear sequence of spaces, controlled circulation, tunnel show. Thematic exhibitions/storyline organizations Sitting of large key exhibits
56

Separate entrance and exit relationship to associated activities
Chandigarh
Loop Linear sequence of spaces, controlled circulation, tunnel show Thematic exhibitions/ storyline organizations Sitting of large key exhibits Circulation returns to exit
Complex Combines group of spaces with features of above mentioned plans Complex organization of collections Complex communication strategy Orientation vs. disorientation critical Factors
57
Chandigarh
Labrynith Locally free circulation management of circulation is a museum function Complex organization of collections Complex communication strategy Orientation/ disorientation critical factors Relationship between subject collections
SPATIAL REQUIREMENTSLIBRARY
Book shelving: Units are 900 mm wide, 2 m high (4-5 shelves) and 300 mm deep. The number of volumes per single sided unit 75% full is 90-100. Finishes: to create a warm, informal relaxed atmosphere. Soft flooring such as carpet to reduce the noise levels. Mechanical: 3-6 air changes per hour. B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur
58
Chandigarh
Illumination: 150 lux at floor level, 300 lux at desk top.
59
Chandigarh
60
Chandigarh
SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS - AUDITORIUM

Floor area: 1.1-1.5 sq. area per seat including the circulation and the stage area. Queuing space of 0.5 sq. per person outside.
Finishes: to create a warm, informal relaxed atmosphere. Soft flooring such as carpet to reduce noise levels.
Mechanical: 10 air changes per hour. Illumination: 150 lux at floor level. Use of dimmers.
61
Chandigarh
SERVICES
ELECTRIC The electric services from the service lines to the building can be broken down into four major parts: Transformers, Switchgears, Panel boards and Switch boards.
62
Chandigarh
Transformers Transformer are used to step down voltage from the high voltage terminal of an electrical distribution systems to the low voltage terminal for the end user's electrical system, etc A typical Padmount transformer enclosure includes a tank for holding the core/coil assembly of the padmount transformer immersed in oil or the like, and a wiring cabinet having high and low voltage wiring compartments for enclosing the high and low voltage bushings, respectively, of the transformer, etc
Switchgear The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to the combination of electrical disconnects, fuses or circuit breakers used to isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. Switchgear for low voltages may be entirely enclosed within a building. Gas[or oil- or vacuum-] insulated switchgear used for transmission-level voltages saves space, although it has a higher equipment cost.
Panel boards and Switch boards An electric switchboard is a device that directs electricity from one source to another. It is an assembly of panels, each of which contains
63
Chandigarh
switches that allow electricity to be redirected. The operator is protected
from electrocution by safety switches and fuses.
PLUMBING WATER SUPPLY Water Supply would be through underground supply lines and would be stored in the basement in underground storage tanks. Water would be pumped to the additional storage tanks provided in the false ceilings of toilets. The specifications of the tanks (SINTEX) used are as follows:
Underground Water Tank
64 Code : CWUG 500-02 Capacity : 50000 l Length : 12.8 m Diameter : 2.34 m Manhole : 550 mm
Chandigarh
Overhead Tanks Code : CCWS 300.01, CCWS 600.01 Capacity : 300 l, 600 l Height : 2.02 m , 2.73 m Diameter : 1.5 m, 1.8 m Manhole : 400 mm, 510 mm Sanitation: SANITATION The principle sanitation would be the connection to the main sewer line. Alternatively, waste water, grey water, rain water and storm water would be reused on the site for irrigation purposes. This would be after recycling them locally on the site. Low flow faucets and fixtures and dual flush toilets are great ways to reduce water usage. Dual Flush Toilets have two flush settings one for liquid waste and one for solid waste. Most dual flush toilets use 0.8 gallons per flush on the liquid setting and save up to 67% of the water usage of a standard toilet.
65
Chandigarh
RAIN WATER HARVESTING Rain water harvesting is the accumulating, gathering, storing and using of rain water. Thedomestic way of doing this would be to collect of the rainwater through effective drainage channel from the site runoffs and the roof tops. They will be channelled into the pump room from where they would be further supplied for irrigation facilities. This idea has been adopted as an attempt to go for a sustainable development and make the building green.
gsdgfs

Case Study

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Case Study

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

1

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Good View potential hills in North-east

Good View potential Greenery and lake at south and south-west

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Site view from the lake side

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Annual Rainfall (average) Monsoon Temperature

Total Population (2010 census)

Density of population/sq. km. Sex Ratio (per 1000 males)

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Average Rainfall chart over the year

Annual rainfall: 111.4 cm Monsoon season: July September

Average temperature chart over the year

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

SUN PATH DIAGRAM DIRECT SOLAR RADIATION AND SKY CLEARANCE

WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Dry Climate. Water bodies.

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

displayed over these inclined walls.

NEW ZEALAND MEMORIAL

Smarana War Memorial Center at

heights. All these sculptures set out in a particular formation

across a grassy slope.

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

B.Arch Final Year Thesis Project 2012 | IIT Kharagpur

Smarana War Memorial Center at

Two golden spirals putting together forms the enclosure

DistributedServices Necklace of 52 pillars 60m Tower With 8,000 names of martyrs

CHANDIGARH WAR MEMORIAL