PERIOD 3 ELEMENTS Elements Proton number Electron arrangement Radius Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

1. Physical changes across the period 3 (a). Atomic radius decreases because:i. All the atoms of elements have .shells occupied with electrons ii. The proton number by one unit from one element to the next element. iii. Increase in proton number causes the number of charge in the nucleus to . iv. The strength of nuclei attraction on the electrons in the shells .. v. The atomic radius of element

(b) Electronegativity increases because :i. Electronegativity is the strength of an atom in a molecule to attract .
towards its nucleus. ii. The atomic radius ..due to the ..nuclei attraction on the valence electron. iii. The strength of nucleus to attract ..also ..

(c) Physical state :i. Changes from solid to gas from left to right ii. Metals on the left are solid while non metals on the right are usually .

(d) Changes in metallic properties and electrical conductivity :Element

Metallic Properties

Na

Mg
Metal

Al

Si

Cl

Ar

Non Metal Weak conductor but it increase with the presence of boron or phosphorous

Electrical conductivity

Good conductors of electric

2. Properties of oxide of elements in Period 3 (a). Elements in Period 3 can be classified as metals and non metals based on basic and acidic properties of the oxides (b). Basic oxides is metal oxide that can react with to form .. and (c). Acidic oxides is oxide that can react with . to form .. and (d). Amphoteric oxide is oxide that can react with bothand to form .. and .

Na
Basic oxide Metal oxide + water Example: Na2O + H2O

Mg

Al
Amphoteric oxide React with both acid and alkali to produce salt and water Example: Al2O3 + 6HNO3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O

Si
Acidic oxide

Cl

Ar

Metal oxide + water Example: SO2 + H2O

2NaOH

H2SO3 +

Metal oxide + acid .+ Example: MgO + HCl +

Non metal oxide + alkali Example: SiO2 + 2NaOH

3. Chemical changes across the period 3 (a). Reaction with water Oxide
Sodium oxide, Na2O Magnesium oxide, MgO Aluminium oxide, Al2O3 Silicon oxide, SiO2 Phosphorous oxide, P4O10 Sulphur dioxide, SO2

Solubility in water
White solid dissolve in water White solid slightly dissolve in water Insoluble Insoluble White solid dissolve in water White solid dissolve in water

pH of the solution
14 9 3 3

Types of Oxide

(a). Reaction with sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH Oxide Observation

Reaction with Dilute Nitric Acid The white solid dissolve to form colorless solution The white solid dissolve to form colorless solution No change: The white solid does not dissolve Reaction with Sodium Hydroxide solution No change: The white solid does not dissolve The white solid dissolve to form colorless solution The white solid dissolve to form colorless solution

Type of oxide

Magnesium oxide, MgO

Aluminium oxide, Al2O3 Silicon oxide, SiO2