Victorian Certificate of Education 2012

CHEMISTRY
Written examination
Wednesday 15 June 2012
Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 1.30 pm (1 hour 30 minutes)

DATA BOOK

Directions to students
A question and answer book is provided with this data book. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2012

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

Table of contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Periodic table of the elements The electrochemical series Physical constants SI prefixes, their symbols and values
1H NMR data 13C NMR data

page 3 4 5 5 56 7 7 89 10 10 11 11 11

Infrared absorption data 2-amino acids (-amino acids) Formulas of some fatty acids

10. Structural formulas of some important biomolecules 11. Acid-base indicators 12. Acidity constants, Ka, of some weak acids 13. Values of molar enthalpy of combustion of some common fuels at 298 K and 101.3 kPa

1. Periodic table of the elements

2 He 4.0

Hydrogen

1 H 1.0 atomic number relative atomic mass

Gold Boron Carbon Nitrogen

Helium

Lithium

3 Li 6.9 symbol of element name of element 13 Al 27.0

Silicon Phosphorus Oxygen

Beryllium

4 Be 9.0 14 Si 28.1 33 As 74.9 15 P 31.0 16 S 32.1

Sulfur

79 Au 197.0 5 B 10.8 6 C 12.0 7 N 14.0 8 O 16.0

Fluorine

9 F 19.0

Neon

10 Ne 20.2 17 Cl 35.5 18 Ar 39.9

Chlorine Argon

Sodium

11 Na 23.0
Aluminium

Magnesium

12 Mg 24.3 24 Cr 52.0
Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium

Potassium

19 K 39.1 42 Mo 96.0
Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium

Calcium

20 Ca 40.1 43 Tc (98) 76 Os 190.2

Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury

Scandium

21 Sc 45.0 44 Ru 101.1 77 Ir 192.2 110 Ds (271) 111 Cn (272) 112 Cn (285) 78 Pt 195.1 79 Au 197.0 80 Hg 200.6 81 Tl 204.4 45 Rh 102.9 46 Pd 106.4 47 Ag 107.9 48 Cd 112.4 49 In 114.8 50 Sn 118.7
Tin

Titanium

22 Ti 47.9

Vanadium

23 V 50.9

Chromium

25 Mn 54.9

26 Fe 55.8

27 Co 58.9

28 Ni 58.7

29 Cu 63.5

30 Zn 65.4

31 Ga 69.7

32 Ge 72.6

Arsenic

Selenium

34 Se 79.0 51 Sb 121.8

Bromine

35 Br 79.9 52 Te 127.6
Antimony

Krypton

36 Kr 83.8 53 I 126.9
Tellurium Iodine

Rubidium

37 Rb 85.5 74 W 183.8
Rhenium Osmium

Strontium

38 Sr 87.6 75 Re 186.2 108 Hs (267) 109 Mt (268)

Yttrium

39 Y 88.9

Zirconium

40 Zr 91.2

Niobium

41 Nb 92.9

Molybdenum Technetium

Xenon

54 Xe 131.3 3 82 Pb 207.2 83 Bi 209.0 84 Po (210) 85 At (210) 86 Rn (222)

Caesium

55 Cs 132.9 106 Sg (266)

Bohrium Hassium

Barium

56 Ba 137.3 107 Bh (264)

Lanthanum

57 La 138.9

Hafnium

72 Hf 178.5

Tantalum

73 Ta 180.9

Tungsten

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

Francium

87 Fr (223)

Radium

88 Ra (226)

Actinium

89 Ac (227)

Rutherfordium

104 Rf (261)

Dubnium

105 Db (262)

Seaborgium

Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium

113 Uut (284)

114 Uuq (289)

115 Uup (288)

116 Uuh (293)

117 Uus (294)

118 Uuo (294)

Cerium

58 Ce 140.1
Samarium Europium Gadolinium

Praseodymium Neodymium

59 Pr 140.9

60 Nd 144.2

Promethium

61 Pm (145)

62 Sm 150.4

63 Eu 152.0

64 Gd 157.3

Terbium

65 Tb 158.9

Dysprosium

66 Dy 162.5

Holmium

67 Ho 164.9

Erbium

68 Er 167.3

Thulium

69 Tm 168.9

Ytterbium

70 Yb 173.1

Lutetium

71 Lu 175.0

Thorium

90 Th 232.0
Plutonium Americium

Protactinium

91 Pa 231.0

Uranium

92 U 238.0

Neptunium

93 Np (237)

94 Pu (244)

95 Am (243)

Curium

96 Cm (247)

Berkelium

97 Bk (247)

Californium

98 Cf (251)

Einsteinium

99 Es (252)

Fermium

100 Fm (257)

Mendelevium

101 Md (258)

Nobelium

102 No (259)

Lawrencium

103 Lr (262)

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

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The value in brackets indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

2. The electrochemical series E in volt F2(g) + 2e Au+(aq) + e Cl2(g) + 2e Br2(l) + 2e Ag+(aq) + e Fe3+(aq) + e I2(s) + 2e 2F(aq) 2H2O(l) Au(s) 2Cl(aq) 2H2O(1) 2Br(aq) Ag(s) Fe2+(aq) H2O2(aq) 4OH(aq) 2I(aq) Cu(s) Sn2+(aq) H2S(g) H2(g) Pb(s) Sn(s) Ni(s) Co(s) Fe(s) Zn(s) H2(g) + 2OH(aq) Mn(s) Al(s) Mg(s) Na(s) Ca(s) K(s) Li(s) +2.87 +1.77 +1.68 +1.36 +1.23 +1.09 +0.80 +0.77 +0.68 +0.54 +0.40 +0.34 +0.15 +0.14 0.00 0.13 0.14 0.23 0.28 0.44 0.76 0.83 1.03 1.67 2.34 2.71 2.87 2.93 3.02 H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2e

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

O2(g) + 2H+(aq) + 2e O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e Cu2+(aq) + 2e Sn4+(aq) + 2e 2H+(aq) + 2e Pb2+(aq) + 2e Sn2+(aq) + 2e Ni2+(aq) + 2e Co2+(aq) + 2e Fe2+(aq) + 2e Zn2+(aq) + 2e 2H2O(l) + 2e Mn2+(aq) + 2e Al3+(aq) + 3e Mg2+(aq) + 2e Na+(aq) + e Ca2+(aq) + 2e K+(aq) + e Li+(aq) + e

S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

3. Physical constants Avogadros constant (NA) = 6.02 1023 mol1 Charge on one electron = 1.60 1019 C Faraday constant (F) = 96 500 C mol1 Gas constant (R) = 8.31 J K1mol1 Ionic product for water (Kw) = 1.00 1014 mol2 L2 at 298 K (Self ionisation constant) Molar volume (Vm) of an ideal gas at 273 K, 101.3 kPa (STP) = 22.4 L mol1 Molar volume (Vm) of an ideal gas at 298 K, 101.3 kPa (SLC) = 24.5 L mol1 Specific heat capacity (c) of water = 4.18 J g1 K1 Density (d) of water at 25C = 1.00 g mL1 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg 0C = 273 K 4. SI prefixes, their symbols and values SI prefix giga mega kilo deci centi milli micro nano pico Symbol G M k d c m Value 109 106 103 101 102 103 106 109 1012

n p

5. 1H NMR data Typical proton shift values relative to TMS = 0 These can differ slightly in different solvents. Where more than one proton environment is shown in the formula, the shift refers to the ones in bold letters. Type of proton RCH3 RCH2R RCH = CHCH3 R3CH
O CH3 C OR O or CH3 C NHR

Chemical shift (ppm) 0.81.0 1.21.4 1.61.9 1.41.7 2.0

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2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

Type of proton
R C O CH3

Chemical shift (ppm)

2.12.7

RCH2X (X = F, Cl, Br or I) RCH2OH, R2CHOH

3.04.5 3.34.5

O R C NHCH2R
ROCH3 or ROCH2R O O C CH3 2.3 3.3 3.2

O R C OCH2R
ROH RNH2 RHC CH2 OH 16 (varies considerably under different conditions) 15 4.66.0 7.0 4.1

7.3

O R C NHCH2R
8.1

O R C H
910

O R C O H
913

7
13C

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

6.

NMR data Chemical shift (ppm) 825 2045 4060 3645 1580 3570 5090 7595 110150 160185

Type of carbon RCH3 RCH2R R3CH R4C RCH2X R3CNH2 RCH2OH RC CR R2C=CR2 RCOOH

7. Infrared absorption data Characteristic range for infrared absorption Bond CCl CC CO C=C C=O OH (acids) CH OH (alcohols) NH (primary amines) Wave number (cm1) 700800 7501100 10001300 16101680 16701750 25003300 28503300 32003550 33503500

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2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

8. 2-amino acids (-amino acids) Name alanine Symbol Ala

H2N CH3 CH COOH NH CH2 H2N CH CH2 COOH O CH2 H2N CH CH2 H2N CH C COOH COOH COOH NH2 CH2 NH C NH2

Structure

arginine

Arg

asparagine

Asn

aspartic acid

Asp

cysteine

Cys
H2N

CH2 CH

SH COOH

glutamine

Gln
CH2 H2N CH CH2 H2N CH CH2 CH2 COOH CH2 COOH COOH N CH2 H2N CH CH CH N COOH CH2 COOH

O C NH2

glutamic acid

Glu

COOH

glycine histidine

Gly His

H2N

isoleucine

Ile

CH3 H2N

CH3

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

Name leucine

Symbol Leu
CH3 CH CH2 H2N CH CH2 H2N CH CH2 H2N CH

Structure
CH3

COOH CH2 COOH CH2 COOH S CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2

lysine

Lys

methionine

Met

phenylalanine

Phe
H2N

CH2 CH COOH

proline

Pro

H N

COOH

serine

Ser
H2N

CH2 CH CH CH

OH COOH OH COOH H N

threonine

Thr

CH3 H2N

tryptophan

Trp
CH2 H2N CH

COOH

CH2 H2N CH CH CH COOH CH3 COOH

valine

Val

CH3 H2N

HO

tyrosine

Tyr

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2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

10

9. Formulas of some fatty acids Name Lauric Myristic Palmitic Palmitoleic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic Arachidic Arachidonic Formula C11H23COOH C13H27COOH C15H31COOH C15H29COOH C17H35COOH C17H33COOH C17H31COOH C17H29COOH C19H39COOH C19H31COOH

10. Structural formulas of some important biomolecules

CH2OH H O H OH H H H HOCH2 O H OH H CH2OH H H H H C C C H OH OH OH

HO

H OH

OH

sucrose

glycerol

HOCH2 H H

O H H

OH H

HO

deoxyribose

NH2 N HC C C C N CH N H H2N

O C N CH N H O

NH2 N C C CH CH O HN C

O C

O C CH CH3 O P O O

HN C

C C

adenine

guanine

N H

N H

cytosine

thymine

phosphate

11

2012 CHEM DATA BOOK

11. Acid-base indicators Name Thymol blue Methyl orange Bromophenol blue Methyl red Bromothymol blue Phenol red Phenolphthalein pH range Acid 1.22.8 3.14.4 3.04.6 4.26.3 6.07.6 6.88.4 8.310.0 red red yellow red yellow yellow colourless Colour change Base yellow yellow blue yellow blue red red Ka 2 102 2 104 6 105 8 106 1 107 1 108 5 1010

12. Acidity constants, Ka, of some weak acids at 25 C Name Ammonium ion Benzoic Boric Ethanoic Hydrocyanic Hydrofluoric Hypobromous Hypochlorous Lactic Methanoic Nitrous Propanoic Formula NH4+ C6H5COOH H3BO3 CH3COOH HCN HF HOBr HOCl HC3H5O3 HCOOH HNO2 C2H5COOH Ka 5.6 1010 6.4 105 5.8 1010 1.7 105 6.3 1010 7.6 104 2.4 109 2.9 108 1.4 104 1.8 104 7.2 104 1.3 105

13. Values of molar enthalpy of combustion of some common fuels at 298 K and 101.3 kPa Substance hydrogen carbon (graphite) methane ethane propane butane pentane hexane octane ethene methanol ethanol 1-propanol 2-propanol glucose Formula H2 C CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C8H18 C2H4 CH3OH C2H5OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CHOHCH3 C6H12O6 State g s g g g g 1 1 1 g 1 1 1 1 s END OF DATA BOOK

Hc (kJ mol1)
286 394 889 1557 2217 2874 3509 4158 5464 1409 725 1364 2016 2003 2816