Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the right sequence to get the goal.
B. Generic Features :
1. The use of Simple present tense,often in an imperative form e.g. Add .. pour in .. 2. The use mainly of temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence, especially in written text) a. As Sentence introducers (sequencers),especially in spoken text: First,.. Firstly,.. Second,.. Secondly,.... After that,.. After wards, Finally,.. Lastly, e.g After that,put the vegetables into the pan. b. As Time introducers,especially in spoken text : . Before After., When, While, until During, E.g Whileyou are boiling the water,grind the chilies,onions,and salt
REPORT
Report are used for many purpose : to describe the way things re with reference to a range of natural, manmade nd social phenomena in our environment.
RECOUNT
A Recount is a type of spoken or wrtten text that deals with past experiences. The function is to retell some events that happened in the past for certain purpose: to inform and or to entertain the listener or readers.
B. Generic features :
1. The recount focuses on a sequence of event all of which relate to a particular occasion. 2. It introduces specific participants. 3. Frequence uses of simple past tense. 4. Past continuous tense is sometimes used. 5. Temporal sequncers are also usedf in the sentences to show the events. o Before, o After, o When, o While, o until o During, o As,, o At that time /moment,. o After that/then, o Firstly/secondly/finally,.
NARRATIVE
A narrative is a type of spoken or written text that tells a story of one character or more who face certain situations. There are various kinds of narratives such as fairy stories, mysteries, science fictions, romance, horror, etc. Narrative text can be found in short story book, magazines, novels, movies, etc. Narratives are popular because they present plots which consist of complications and resolutions. They make people feel curious and anxious with the end of the stories.
B. Generic Futures :
1. A narrative focuses on specific participants. 2. There are many actions verb,verbal and metal processes. 3. It usually uses past tenses. 4. Direct and indirect speeches are often used. 5. Linking words are used, related with time. 6. There are sometimes some dialogs and the tense 7. Descriptive language is used to create listeners or readers imagination. 8. Temporal conjutions are also used.
NEWS ITEM
News item use to inform readers, listeners or views about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
DESCRIPTION
Descriptions are the text which are used to describe a particular place, person, or thing. Descriptions are almost same as report text. A descriptive text focuses on a specific thing, its specific features; a report usually deals with things in general. Descriptions can be used in textbook, enclycopedias, scientific magazines,historical texts, magazines.
ANECDOTE
An anecdote is a type of spoken or written text that deals with past incident. The fungsion is to retell an account or story of an unusual or amusing incident. The incident happened in the past. The purpose are sharing with others an unusual or amusing incident, and entertaining others.
B. Generic Features :
1. Use of exclamations, rhetorical questions and intensifiers (really, very, quite, etc) to point up the significance of the events. 2. Frequent uses of simple past tense. 3. Past continuous tense is sometimes used. 4. Use of temporal sequencers to show the sequence of the story : Before.,. After.,. When.,. While.,. .until..
HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In order words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation. Hortatory exposition texts can be found in scientific books , journals, magazines, newspapers articles, academic speech or lectures, research report, etc.
B. Generic Features :
1. A hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and non generic human participant, except for speaker or writer referring to self. 2. It use mental processes: to state what the writer/speaker thinks or feels about something. For instance : realize, feel, etc. 3. It often needs materials processes: to state what happens, e.g...has polluted ., etc. 4. It usually uses simple present tense and present perfect tense. 5. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of the given argument: firstly, secondly, Finally, etc.
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listener or readers that something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some argument as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journal, magazines, newspaper article, etc.
B. Generic Features:
1. An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non generic human participants. 2. It uses mental processes: to state what the writer/speaker thinks or feels about something. For instance: realize, feel, etc. 3. It often needs materials processes: to state what happens, e.g...has polluted ., etc. 4. It usually uses simple present tense and present perfect tense. 5. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of the given argument: firstly, secondly, Finally, etc.
EXPLANATION
Explanation is the process how or why something occur in scientific, technical fields, sericulture and natural.
B. Generic Futures:
1. Use simple present tense 2. Action verbs 3. Abstract noun: Suffix: o ion : information, attention o sion : permission o ure : pleasure, pressure o ment : agreement o ness : sadness, happiness o ance : appearance o Lay : reality 4. Noun phrase 5. Passive voice
Text Discussion
Many critics also believe that television should be used for socially constructive purpose as well as for entertainment.
5. Put the blend into the glass and add milk, wafer stick on the top of the glass
Text Recount
A Postcard
Dear Nan We are having a great holiday here on the Gold Coast. Yesterday we went to Movie World. When we got up in the morning it looked like rain. After a while the clouds disappeared and it became a sunny day. We then decided to go to Movie World.
The first ride I went on was Lethal Weapon. Next I saw the Police Academy show. After that I had lunch as I was really hungry. Meanwhile, Mum and Kelly queued for the Batman ride. About one oclock we got a light shower of rain but it cleared up soon after. We then went on all the other rides followed by the studio tour. It was a top day. See you when we get back.
Text Explanation
Eating contaminated food caused vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea within one to six hours. Thus, food poisoning is frequently caused by staphylococci, which contaminate food during preparation and enter the stomach and intestines during eating.