Faculty of pharmacy PUA Forensic Pharmacognosy PHR446

b)Fabrics of animal Origin Wool and silk

POINT OF COMPARISON Origin

WOOL(lana) Consists of the hairs from the fleece of the sheep ovis Aries f.Bovdae order:unfulata

SILK(sericum) Consists of the unwound threads or fibers of the spura cocoon by the larvae of Bombyx mori f.Bombycidae, which feeds on the leaves of mulberry Morus alba f.Moraceae Very fine threads of smooth texture. White or yellowish white. High tensile strength. Hygroscopic. Elastic.

Description

Microscopical Examination

Loose mass of elastic, lustrous , more or less curly hairs. Harsh texture. Very hygroscopic Resists tearing due to clinging of hairs together White or colored. a)Drawing

a)Drawing

b)Description hairs are curved, subcylindrical threads covered with irregular lines. Transversally crossed and connected by other lines at right angles. The lines project towards the edge and point towards the apex.

b)Description solid,cylindrical or slightly flattened threads called BAVES. Formed of 2 brines connected together with a soluble protein called Sericin silk gum or silk glue soluble in 10% Na2CO3

Faculty of pharmacy PUA Forensic Pharmacognosy PHR446

A narrow dark band is present along the central axis; MEDULLA. Chemical test a)test for carbohydrates: 1-Molish's: -ve 2-I2: -ve 3Cuoxam: stained blue due to NH4OH .Wool: swells and outer scales are separated. .Silk: swells and dissolves after time. b)test for proteins: 1-I2: yellowish brown 2-Picric acid(trinitrophenol): yellow 3-Millon's(Hg(No3)2): brick red C)flame test: burnt feather like odor with NH3 fumes which melts and volatilize with no residue i.e: 1)Red litmus paper turns blue. 2)paper moistened with HCl gives white fumes of NH4Cl. d)Confirmatory test WOOL:(Special test for S) Wool+3ml 5% KOH,boil for 3-4 min.s, then add 1 dp. Of Pbacetate black ppt of PbS (due to cystiene a.a which contains S) N.B: excess of Pbacetatewhite ppt of Pb(OH)2 .Silk: (with Na2CO3) cold

Costituents

Keratin protein present in hairs,feathers,horns and nails. Keratin consists of cystiene amino acid. -CH-CH2-S-S-CH2-CH-

Chiefly of fibroin protein which forms the mass of fibers externally coated by sericin (silk gum) which dissolves in hot H2O giving glycine and alanine. 1-ligature 2-sieves 3-surgical sutures.

Uses

1-filtering and staining material 2-dressing as flannel 3-Crepe bandage

Faculty of pharmacy PUA Forensic Pharmacognosy PHR446

d)Miscellaneous groups of fabrics Nylon and viscose

POINT OF COMPARISON Viscose (artificial silk) Rayon, regenerated cellulose 'v.pure form' Made from regenerated wood cellulose or wood of coniferous plants and rarely from cotton waste. Nylon (synthetic)

Origin

A polycondensation product of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine i.e polymer. Basic in nature soluble in acids and contains many peptide linkage. 1-white or colored. 2-soft or smooth in texture 3-high tensile strength whether dry or wet. a)Drawing

Description

Microscopical Examination

1-white or colored 2-lustrous appearance 3-more tensile strength than cotton , when dry it loses 60% of its strength. 4-smooth texture a)Drawing

b)Description: solid,transparent fibers with long Transverse lines corresponding to the grooves on the surface of wood fibers with irregular wavy margins resulting from the holes of the spinners during preparation.

b)Description: long filaments of solid cylindrical form with dotted lines on the surface which is a uniform round circular section.

Faculty of pharmacy PUA Forensic Pharmacognosy PHR446

Chemical test

a)test for carbohydrates: 1-Molish: violet ring 2-Cellulose test: blue and finally dissolves 3-Cuoxam: even swelling and then dissolves as adsorbant cotton. b)test for proteins: -ve c)flame test: burnt papery odor with acidic fumes of CO2

No violet ring -ve -ve

-ve Melts with formation of hard beads on ignition. The ash volatilizes and leaves no residue as it's organic in nature. Adipic acid with hexamethylene diamine.

Costituents

Uses

Pure form of cellulose (in form of acetate and nitrate) Surgical dressing (gauze, lint, net)

Adipic acid with hexamethylene diamine. Sieves Nylon sutures Textile fibers