AS 20491992

Australian StandardR

Roof tiles

This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee BD/8, Roof Tiles. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 24 August 1992 and published on 16 November 1992.

The following interests are represented on Committee BD/8: Australia Concrete Roofing Tile Manufacturers Association Australian Institute of Building Surveyors Australian Uniform Building Regulations Coordinating Council Confederation of Australian Industry CSIRO, Division of Building, Construction and Engineering Department of Local Government, Qld Housing Industry Association, Australia Master Builders Construction and Housing Association, Australia Monash University Municipal Association of Victoria Public Works Department, N.S.W. Royal Australian Institute of Architects Slaters, Tilers and Roofing Industry Union of Victoria Terra Cotta Roofing Tile Association

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

AS 20491992

Australian StandardR

Roof tiles

For history before 1992, see Preface. AS 17571989 and AS 20491989 revised in part, amalgamated and designated AS 20491992.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 7812 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Roof Tiles, which was constituted from the previous Committees on Terra Cotta Roofing Tiles and Concrete Roofing Tiles, as a revision and amalgamation of AS 17571989, Concrete roofing tiles and AS 2049, Terra cotta roofing tiles. The tests from the Appendices in the 1989 editions have been issued concurrently with this Standard as a separate series entitled AS 4046, Methods of testing roof tiles. The technical content of this edition and the related test methods are unchanged from that of the 1989 editions, however the term terra cotta has been amended to terracotta to align with current practices. AS 1757 was first issued as an SAA Interim Standard, SAA Int.310, in 1949. AS 1759 was first issued as AS A14 in 1948. SAA Int.310 was revised and issued as AS A158 in 1967, and AS A14 was amended and redated in 1949, 1950 and 1952. Both documents were subsequently revised and issued as AS 1757 and AS 1759 in 1975. In 1989, AS 1757 and AS 1759 were revised, amalgamated and redesignated AS 1757. AS 2049 was first issued as AS A13 in 1933. AS A13 was revised in 1950, 1963 and again in 1977 when it was issued as AS 2049. The second edition was issued in 1989.

CONTENTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Page SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 PROVISION FOR FIXING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 MARKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

APPENDICES A TERMS USED GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF TERRACOTTATILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C TERMS USED ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

E Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively inhouse by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively inhouse by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.

AS 20491992

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Roof tiles

1 SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for concrete and terracotta roof tiles and for the associated accessories. It establishes standards for (a) performance, fit and finish; (b) quality of materials; and (c) the finished product. The following types of roof tile are considered, other types are not precluded: (i) Shingle (plain) tiles. (ii) Side-locking tiles. (iii) Head-and-side-locking tiles.
NOTES: 1 Appendices A, B and C illustrate the various terms used in this Standard. 2 This Standard will be referenced in the Building Code of Australia by way of BCA Amendment 5, intended for publication in May 1993, thereby superseding the previous editions, AS 1757-1989 and AS 2049-1989, which will be withdrawn 12 months from the date of issuance of BCA Amendment 5. Users are advised that when BCA Amendment 5 is issued, it will not necessarily have been gazetted in each state/territory at the time of printing.

2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1170 Minimum design loads on structures 1170.2 Part 2: Wind loads 1478 Chemical admixtures for use in concrete 1479 Code of practice for the use of chemical admixtures in concrete (metric units) 2050 Fixing of roofing tiles 2758 Aggregates and rock for engineering purposes 2758.1 Part 1: Concrete aggregates 3582 Supplementary cementitious materials for use with portland cement 3582.1 Part 1: Fly ash 3972 Portland and blended cements 4046 Methods of testing roof tiles 4046.1 Method 1: Determination of distortion 4046.2 Method 2: Determination of batten lugs and squareness 4046.3 Method 3: Determination of transverse strength 4046.4 Method 4: Determination of water absorption 4046.5 Method 5: Determination of permeability 4046.6 Method 6: Determination of resistance to freeze/thaw BS 1014 Specification for pigments for portland cement and portland cement products 6920 Suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption with regard to their effect on the quality of the water 3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply. 3.1 Accessory - a moulded concrete or terracotta product used to finish the roof; includes apex, ridge, and barge tiles. 3.2 Roof tile - a moulded concrete or terracotta product used to form the field of the roof. 3.3 Identifiable lot - a batch of tiles or accessories of the same type, profile and colour, produced in a single shift, on a particular date, and at essentially the same time. 3.4 Terracotta - a material fired to a temperature at which a satisfactory ceramic bond is achieved. 4 MATERIALS 4.1 Cement Cement shall comply with AS 3972. 4.2 Fly ash Fly ash shall comply with AS 3582.1. 4.3 Pigments Pigments shall comply with BS 1014.
COPYRIGHT

AS 20491992

4.4 Aggregate Aggregate or the components of the aggregate shall comply with AS 2758.1. 4.5 Admixtures Any chemical admixtures used in the concrete shall comply with AS 1478, and shall be used in accordance with AS 1479. 4.6 Surface treatment Materials used for the surface treatment of tiles shall not impart to rainwater which may be collected from the roof, any objectionable taste, colour or odour of any element or chemical in a concentration known to be hazardous to health.
NOTE: A method of assessing compliance with Clause 4.6 is provided by BS 6920.

5 DESIGN AND DIMENSIONS 5.1 General Roof tiles shall be designed and manufactured to ensure that, when fixed in accordance with AS 2050, the requirements of the dynamic weather resistance test, detailed in AS 2050, are satisfied. For the purposes of Clause 5.2, the dimensions of the tile shall be the mean of measurements taken at the following locations, rounded to the nearest millimetre (see Figure 1): (a) Exposed width: head, nose and across the mid-point of the tile. (b) Length: each side and along the centre of the tile. (d) Thickness: the centre of the tile at the mid-point (excluding lugs or brand imprints) and at the head and nose. 5.2 Dimensional tolerances The dimensional tolerances for roof tiles shall be as follows: (a) Exposed width: manufacturers nominated width 2%. (b) Length: manufacturers nominated length 2%. (c) Thickness (concrete roof tiles only): manufacturers nominated thickness 10%.
NOTE: Dimensional tolerances on thickness are not specified for terracotta tiles.

FIGURE 1 TILE WIDTHS

5.3 Permitted distortion The permitted distortion of any roof tile shall be such that when tested in accordance with AS 4046.1, the maximum gap shall not exceed (a) 3 mm for plain tiles; (b) 5 mm for side-locking tiles; or (c) 8 mm for head-and-side-locking tiles. 5.4 Batten lugs and squareness Where the design of the tile requires batten lugs, one or more shall be provided on the underside of each tile such that they engage over the upper edge of the tiling battens to provide for the horizontal alignment and vertical restraint of tiles when fixed. When tiles are tested in accordance with AS 4046.2, the shape and position of the batten lugs, where fitted, shall be such that (a) where required, each of the twelve test specimens is self-supporting; and (b) the difference between the distances of the top and bottom corners of the specimen to either adjacent side of the stand is not more than 1.5% of the nominated overall length of the tile.
NOTE: Some single profile tile designs cannot be supported by the batten lugs without additional restraint, e.g. multiple nailing. In this case, to test for squareness, the apparatus should be used horizontally.

5.5 Ribs Where a lateral rib, incorporated in the underside of the tile body and designed to restrict water penetration through laps of tiles in the finished roof, is intended to be load bearing, it shall be contoured to the tile below. 6 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH The surface of the tile shall be free from defects, irregularities or excrescences which would detract from the function of the completed roof, as specified in Clause 5.1
NOTES: 1 Some minor surface marks and blemishes are inherent in the manufacturing process. 2 Because of possible variations in decorative features such as colour, gloss level and texture, it is recommended that a note be included in the manufacturers literature advising the consumer accordingly, and recommending that agreement be reached on acceptable variations in these features at the time of purchase. COPYRIGHT

AS 20491992

7 PROVISION FOR FIXING All concrete and terracotta roofing tiles and accessories shall be capable of being fixed in accordance with AS 2050 and have a fixing system designed to meet the appropriate loading requirements of AS 1170.2, as specified by the manufacturer. 8 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 8.1 General In addition to the design and dimensional requirements set out in Clause 5, roof tiles shall comply with the performance criteria set out in this Clause (8). 8.2 Transverse breaking load 8.2.1 Requirement When tiles are tested in accordance with AS 4046.3, the average transverse breaking load for the six test specimens shall be not less than 3 N per millimetre of exposed width (see Clause 5). Additionally, the transverse breaking load for each of the individual test specimens shall be not less than 2.5 N per millimetre of exposed width. 8.2.2 Retest A retest shall be permitted in the event that the group average transverse breaking load is less than the required minimum, or only one of the test specimens fails to comply with the individual minimum. In the event of such retest, the test results of the specimens originally tested shall be discarded, and the test shall be repeated on twelve further specimens selected at random from the same identifiable lot as that from which the original test specimens were sampled. If the group average breaking load for the twelve retest specimens is less than the required minimum, or if any one of the retest specimens has a breaking load less than the required individual minimum, the lot shall be deemed not to comply with the transverse load requirements of this Standard. 8.3 Water absorption When roof tiles or accessories are tested by the method described in AS 4046.4, the average percentage of water absorption of the required test pieces shall be not more than 10%. 8.4 Permeability 8.4.1 Requirement When tiles are tested by the method described in AS 4046.5, the permeability of each of the three test specimens shall be such that, at the end of 2 h, no drop of water shall have formed on the underside of any of the specimens.
NOTE: Care should be taken to ensure that any drops of water formed are not caused by condensation.

8.4.2 Retest A retest shall be permitted in the event that only one of the specimens tested fails to comply with the permeability requirement. In the event of such retest, the test shall be repeated on six further specimens selected at random from the same identifiable lot as that from which the original test specimens were taken. If any one of the six retest specimens fails to comply with the permeability requirement, the lot shall be deemed not to comply with the permeability requirements of this Standard. 8.5 Freeze/thaw 8.5.1 Requirement When tiles are tested in accordance with AS 4046.6, each tile shall endure a minimum of five complete freeze/thaw cycles without significant loss of particles (see AS 4046.6). 8.5.2 Retest A retest shall be permitted in the event that only one of the specimens fails to comply with the freeze/thaw requirement. In the event of such retest, the test shall be repeated on six further specimens, selected at random from the same identifiable lot as that from which the original test specimens were taken. If any one on the six retest specimens fails to comply with the freeze/thaw requirement, the lot shall be deemed not to comply with the freeze/thaw requirements of this Standard. 9 MARKING Each tile shall be clearly and permanently marked with the manufacturers name, trade name or brand.
NOTE: Manufacturers making a statement of compliance with this Australian Standard on a product, packaging, or promotional material related to that product are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.

COPYRIGHT

AS 20491992

APPENDIX A

TERMS USED - GENERAL

(Informative)

FIGURE A1 GENERAL TERMS

COPYRIGHT

AS 20491992

APPENDIX B

THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF TERRACOTTA TILES

(Informative)

FIGURE B3

SIDE- AND HEAD-LOCK TILES

COPYRIGHT

AS 20491992

APPENDIX C

TERMS USED - ACCESSORIES

(Informative)

(a)

Gable ends

(b) Hips and ridges

FIGURE C1 TERMS USED FOR ACCESSORIES

COPYRIGHT