Below is a listing of the various network related commands used in MSDOS, Windows, Linux, Unix, and other operating

systems. Each command includes additional information to what the command does, the command's syntax, and miscellaneous information. Note: If you are not the root or admin of a computer, it is possible for these commands to be disabled or revoked. Arp Finger Hostname Ipconfig Pathping Ping Nbtstat Net Netstat Nslookup Route Tracert / Traceroute Winipcfg ARP Display or manipulate the ARP information on a network device or computer. FINGER
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The finger command available in Unix / Linux variants allows a user to find sometimes personal information about a user. This information can include the last time the user logged in, when they read their e-mail, etc... If the user creates a .PLAN or other related file the user can also display additional information.

HOSTNAME
The hostname command displays the host name of the Windows XP computer currently logged into.

IPCONFIG Ipconfig is a MS-DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings. Windows 2000 users should use this command to determine network information. PATHPING Pathping is a MS-DOS utility available for Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP users. This utility enables a user to find network latency and network loss. PING Ping is one of the most commonly used and known commands. Ping allows a user to ping another network IP address. This can help determine if the network is able to communicate with the network. NBTSTAT The nbtstat MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT. NET The net command is available in MS-DOS / Windows and is used to set, view and determine network settings. NETSTAT The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information. NSLOOKUP The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
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ROUTE The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer's route table. TRACERT / TRACEROUTE The tracert command in MS-DOS / Windows or the traceroute command in Unix / Linux and variants is another commonly used network command to help determine network related issues or slowdowns. Using this command you can view a listing of how a network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly causing your network issues. WINIPCFG The winipcfg command available in Windows allows a user to display network and network adapter information. Here, a user can find such information as an IP address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, etc... Windows 2000, Windows XP and above users do not have winipcfg. Instead, use ipconfig.

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Microsoft DOS arp command

About arp Displays, adds and removes arp information from network devices. Availability The arp.exe command is an external command accessed through the C:\Windows or C:\Winnt\System32 directory and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax ARP -s inet_addr eth_adr [if_addr] ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr] ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]
-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP table are displayed. Same as -a

-g

inet_addr Specifies an Internet address. -N if addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -d -s Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytes seperated by hyphens. The entry is permanent. vslifehacker@gmail.com

eth_addr Specifies a physical address

if_addr

If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whose address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.

Examples arp -a Interface 220.0.0.80

Internet Address 220.0.0.160 Physical Address 00-50-04-62-F7-23 Type static

The Physical Address or MAC address as shown above in the format aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff is the unique manufacturer identification number. This number should always be an unique address. An example of how to change the above IP address 220.0.0.160 to 220.0.0.161 in this case would be: arp -s 220.0.0.161 00-50-04-62-F7-23 If an IP address has already been assigned to the specific network adapter it is not possible to change that assigned IP address to a new address. In addition, networks italicizing DHCP, BOOTP or RARP will automatically assign the card an IP address, therefore, this command would not be utilized.

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Linux and Unix finger command

About finger Lists information about the user. Syntax finger [-b] [-f] [-h] [-i] [-l] [-m] [-p] [-q] [-s] [-w] [username]
-b -f Suppress printing the user's home directory and shell in a long format printout. Suppress printing the header that is normally printed in a non-long format printout. Suppress printing of the .project file in a long format printout. Force "idle" output format, which is similar to short format except that only the login name, terminal, login time, and idle time are printed. Force long output format. Match arguments only on user name (not first or last name). Suppress printing of the .plan file in a long format printout. Force quick output format, which is similar to short format except that only the login name, terminal, and login time are printed. Force short output format. Suppress printing the full name in a short format printout. vslifehacker@gmail.com

-h -i

-l -m -p -q

-s -w

Examples finger -b -p ch Display the following information about the user ch. Login name: admin In real life: Computer Hope On since Feb 11 23:37:16 on pts/7 from domain.computerhope.com 28 seconds Idle Time Unread mail since Mon Feb 12 00:22:52 2001

Microsoft DOS hostname command

About hostname Display the hostname of the machine the command is being run on. Additional information about the term hostname can be found on our hostname dictionary definition. Availability The hostname command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax hostname sethostname: Use the Network Control Panel Applet to set hostname. hostname -s is not supported. Examples hostname Running the command would display the hostname for the computer.

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Microsoft DOS ipconfig command

About ipconfig Ipconfig is a DOS utility that can be used from MS-DOS and a MS-DOS shell to display the network settings currently assigned and given by a network. This command can be utilized to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings. Availability The ipconfig.exe command is an external command and is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 95, 98, and ME syntax
/All /Batch [file] /renew_all /release_all /renew N /release N Display detailed information. Write to file or ./WINIPCFG.OUT Renew all adapters. Release all adapters. Renew adapter N. Release adapter N. vslifehacker@gmail.com

Windows 2000 and XP syntax ipconfig [/? | /all | /release [adapter] | /renew [adapter] | /flushdns | /registerdns | /showclassid adapter | /setclassid adapter [classidtoset] ]

/all /release

Display full configuration information. Release the IP address for the specified adapter.

/renew /flushdns /registerdns /displaydns

Renew the IP address for the specified adapter. Purges the DNS Resolver cache. Refreshes all DHCP leases and re-registers DNS names Display the contents of the DNS Resolver Cache.

/showclassid Displays all the dhcp class IDs allowed for adapter. /setclassid Modifies the dhcp class id.

The default is to display only the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway for each adapter bound to TCP/IP. For Release and Renew, if no adapter name is specified, then the IP address leases for all adapters bound to TCP/IP will be released or renewed. For SetClassID, if no class id is specified, then the classid is removed. Examples To get your computers local network IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway typing ipconfig alone will display this information as shown below. Keep in mind this is only your local network information. If you're trying to determine your IP address used on the Internet we suggest viewing our system information page. ipconfig Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : hsd1.ut.comcast.net. IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.245 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.201.1 To get all local network information for your computer use the /all switch as shown below, followed by the results that would be seen when using this command. ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . : COMPUTERH1 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.8 111.111.111.1 111.111.111.1

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Node Type . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast NetBIOS Scope ID. . . . . . : IP Routing Enabled. . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . : No NetBIOS Resolution Uses DNS : No 0 Ethernet adapter : Description . . . . . . . . : PPP Adapter. Physical Address. . . . . . : 44-44-44-54-00-00 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 123.45.67.802 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.0.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . : 123.45.67.801 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.255 Primary WINS Server . . . . : Secondary WINS Server . . . : Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . : 01 01 80 12:00:00 AM 1 Ethernet adapter : Description . . . . . . . . : 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . : 00-50-04-62-F7-23 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . : Yes IP Address. . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.108 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . : 111.111.111.1 Primary WINS Server . . . . : Secondary WINS Server . . . : Lease Obtained. . . . . . . : 11 16 00 12:12:44 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . : ipconfig /displaydns Running the above command would display all the DNS information. ipconfig /flushdns Delete all DNS entries.
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Microsoft DOS pathping command

About pathping Similar to the tracert command, pathping provides users with the ability of locating spots that have network latency and network loss. Availability The pathping.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax Windows 2000 Syntax
Usage: pathping [-n] [-h maximum_hops] [-g host-list] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-t] [-R] [-r] target_name

Options:
-n Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.

-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -g host-list -p period -q num_queries -w timeout -T -R Loose source route along host-list. Wait period milliseconds between pings. Number of queries per hop. Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. Test connectivity to each hop with Layer-2 priority tags. Test if each hop is RSVP aware. vslifehacker@gmail.com

Windows XP Syntax
Usage: pathping [-g host-list] [-h maximum_hops] [-i address] [-n] [-p period] [-q num_queries] [-w timeout] [-P] [-R] [-T] [-4] [-6] target_name

Options:
-g host-list Loose source route along host-list.

-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -i address -n -p period -q num_queries -w timeout -P -R -T -4 -6 Use the specified source address. Do not resolve addresses to hostnames. Wait period milliseconds between pings. Number of queries per hop. Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. Test for RSVP PATH connectivity. Test if each hop is RSVP aware. Test connectivity to each hop with Layer-2 priority tags. Force using IPv4. Force using IPv6.

Examples pathping computerhope.com Tracing route to computerhope.com [204.228.150.3] over a maximum of 30 hops: 0 Hope [192.168.120.101]

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1 192.168.120.254 2 ... Computing statistics for 50 seconds...

Source to Here This Node/Link HopRTT Lost/Sent = Pct Lost/Sent = Pct Address

0 1 2

0 Hope [192.168.120.101] 0/100 = 0% | 0ms0/ 100 = 0% 0/100 = 0% 192.168.120.254 100/100 = 100% | --- 100/100 = 100%0/100 = 0% Hope [0.0.0.0]

Trace complete.

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Microsoft DOS ping command

About ping Helps in determining TCP/IP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them. See the ping definition for a full description. Availability The ping.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] destination-list Options: -t Pings the specified host until stopped. To see statistics and continue - type ControlBreak; To stop - press Ctrl + C. Resolve addresses to hostnames. Number of echo requests to send. Send buffer size. Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.

-a -n count -l size -f

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-i TTL -v TOS -r count -s count -j host-list -k host-list -w timeout

Time To Live. Type Of Service. Record route for count hops. Timestamp for count hops. Loose source route along host-list. Strict source route along host-list. Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

Examples ping localhost Pings the local host, this will allow you to see if the computer is able to send information out and receive the information back. Note that this does not send information over a network but may allow you to see if the card is being seen. ping xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Allows you to ping another computer where the x's are located are where you would place the IP address of the computer you are attempting to ping. If this is not able to complete, this should relay back an unsuccessful message, which could be an indication of cable issues, network card issues, hub issue, etc. ping computerhope.com PING computerhope.com (204.228.150.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from www.computerhope.com (204.228.150.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.267 ms --- computerhope.com ping statistics --1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.267/0.267/0.267/0.000 ms
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Microsoft DOS nbtstat command

About nbtstat MS-DOS utility that displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT. Availability The nbtstat command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax NBTSTAT [ [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-RR] [-s] [-S] [interval] ]
-a -A -c -n -r -R -S -s (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its name (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its IP address. (cache) Lists NBT's cache of remote [machine] names and their IP addresses (names) Lists local NetBIOS names. (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP addresses (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP addresses to computer NETBIOS names. (ReleaseRefresh) Sends Name Release packets to WINs and then, starts Refresh vslifehacker@gmail.com

-RR

RemoteName Remote host machine name.

IP address interval

Dotted decimal representation of the IP address. Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying statistics.

Examples nbtstat -a 204.224.150.3

Local Area Connection: Node IpAddress: [204.224.150.3] Scope Id: [] NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table Name Type Status -------------------------------------------- HOPE4 <00> UNIQUE Registered CHGROUP <00> GROUP Registered HOPE4 <20> UNIQUE Registered HOPE4 <03> UNIQUE Registered CHGROUP <1E> GROUP Registered CHGROUP <1D> UNIQUE Registered ..__MSBROWSE__. <01> GROUP Registered ADMINISTRATOR <03> UNIQUE Registered MAC Address = 00-00-00-0000-00

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Microsoft DOS net command

About net The net command is used to update, fix, or view the network or network settings. Listed in the Syntax we have listed each of net commands. Availability The net.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax Windows XP syntax Windows 2000 syntax Windows XP syntax NET [ ACCOUNTS | COMPUTER | CONFIG | CONTINUE | FILE | GROUP | HELP | HELPMSG | LOCALGROUP | NAME | PAUSE | PRINT | SEND | SESSION | SHARE | START | STATISTICS | STOP | TIME | USE | USER | VIEW ]
NET ACCOUNTS Adjust account settings.

NET COMPUTER

Add other networked computers with Windows Domain Controller.

\\computername {/ADD | /DEL}

NET CONFIG Displays your current server or workgroup settings.

[SERVER | WORKSTATION]
NET CONTINUE Continues the use of service.

[service]

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[/FORCELOGOFF:{minutes | NO}] [/MINPWLEN:length] [/MAXPWAGE:{days | UNLIMITED}] [/MINPWAGE:days] [/UNIQUEPW:number] [/DOMAIN]

NET FILE

Display opened shared files on the server.

[id [/CLOSE]]
NET GROUP Add, delete, view, and otherwise manage network workgroups.

[groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN] groupname {/ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] | /DELETE} [/DOMAIN] groupname username [...] {/ADD | /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]
NET LOCALGROUP Add, delete, view, and otherwise manage network groups.

[groupname [/COMMENT:"text"]] [/DOMAIN] groupname {/ADD [/COMMENT:"text"] | /DELETE} [/DOMAIN] groupname name [...] {/ADD | /DELETE} [/DOMAIN]
NET NAME Create or delete name used for messaging.

[name [/ADD | /DELETE]]

NET PAUSE Pause the specified network service.

[service]
NET PRINT Manage network print jobs.

\\computername\sharename [\\computername] job# [/HOLD | /RELEASE | /DELETE]

NET SEND Sends messages to other users, computers, or messaging names on the network. The Messenger service must be running to receive messages.

You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network. If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and running the Messenger service to receive the message. {name | * | /DOMAIN[:name] | /USERS} message
NET SESSION Display all sessions connected to the computer and deletes them if specified. vslifehacker@gmail.com

[\\computername] [/DELETE]
NET SHARE Create and manage a local network share.

sharename sharename=drive:path [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED] [/REMARK:"text"] [/CACHE:Manual | Documents| Programs | None ] sharename [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED] [/REMARK:"text"] [/CACHE:Manual | Documents | Programs | None]

{sharename | devicename | drive:path} /DELETE

NET START Start the specified network service.

[service]
NET STATISTICS Display network statistics of the workstation or server.

[WORKSTATION | SERVER]
NET STOP Stop the specified network service.

service
NET TIME Display the time and date of another network computer.

[\\computername | /DOMAIN[:domainname] | /RTSDOMAIN[:domainname]] [/SET] [\\computername] /QUERYSNTP [\\computername] /SETSNTP[:ntp server list]
NET USE Connects or disconnects your computer from a shared resource or displays information about your connections.

[devicename | *] [\\computername\sharename[\volume] [password | *]] [/USER:[domainname\]username] [/USER:[dotted domain name\]username] [/USER:[username@dotted domain name] [/SMARTCARD] [/SAVECRED] [[/DELETE] | [/PERSISTENT:{YES | NO}]] NET USE {devicename | *} [password | *] /HOME NET USE [/PERSISTENT:{YES | NO}]
NET USER Displays users on the computer or domain.

[username [password | *] [options]] [/DOMAIN] username {password | *} /ADD [options] [/DOMAIN] username [/DELETE] [/DOMAIN]
NET VIEW Displays a list of computers in a specified workgroup or the shared resources available on a specified computer.

[\\computername [/CACHE] | /DOMAIN[:domainname]] NET VIEW /NETWORK:NW [\\computername] Windows 2000 syntax

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NET CONFIG

Displays your current workgroup settings.

NET CONFIG [/YES]

/YES Carries out the NET CONFIG command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

NET DIAG

Runs the Microsoft Network Diagnostics program to test the hardware connection between two computers and to display information about a single computer. NET DIAGNOSTICS [/NAMES | /STATUS] /NAMES Specifies a diagnostic server name in order to avoid conflicts when NET DIAG is used simultaneously by multiple users. This option works only when the network uses a NetBIOS protocol. Enables you to specify a computer about which you want network diagnostics information.

/STATUS

NET HELP

Displays information about NET commands and error messages.

command /? NET HELP [suffix] NET HELP errornum

command /? Specifies the Microsoft NET command that you want information about. suffix Specifies the second word of the command you want information about. For example, the suffix of NET VIEW is VIEW. Specifies the number of the error message that you want information about.

errornum

NET INIT

Loads protocol and network-adapter drivers without binding them to Protocol Manager. This command may be required if you are using a third-party network-adapter driver. You can then bind the drivers to Protocol Manager by typing NET START NETBIND.

NET INITIALIZE [/DYNAMIC]

/DYNAMIC Loads the Protocol Manager dynamically. This is useful with some third-party networks, such as Banyan(R) VINES(R), to

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resolve memory problems. NET LOGOFF Breaks the connection between your computer and the shared resources to which it is connected.

NET LOGOFF [/YES]

/YES Carries out the NET LOGOFF command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

NET LOGON

Identifies you as a member of a workgroup.

NET LOGON [user [password | ?]] [/DOMAIN:name] [/YES] [/SAVEPW:NO]

user Specifies the name that identifies you in your workgroup. The name you specify can contain up to 20 characters. The unique string of characters that authorizes you to gain access to your password-list file. The password can contain up to 14 characters. Specifies that you want to be prompted for your password. Specifies that you want to log on to a Microsoft Windows NT or LAN Manager domain. name Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager domain you want to log on to. Carries out the NET LOGON command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions. Carries out the NET LOGON command without prompting you to create a password-list file.

password

? /DOMAIN

/YES

/SAVEPW:NO

NET PASSWORD

Changes your logon password.

NET PASSWORD [oldpassword [newpassword]] NET PASSWORD \\computer | /DOMAIN:name [user [oldpassword [newpassword]]]
oldpassword newpassword Specifies your current password. Specifies your new password. It can have as many as 14

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If you would rather be prompted to type your user name and password instead of specifying them in the NET LOGON command line, type NET LOGON without options.

characters. computer Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager server on which you want to change your password. Specifies that you want to change your password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager domain. Name Specifies the Windows NT or LAN Manager domain on which you want to change your password. Specifies your Windows NT or LAN Manager user name.

/DOMAIN

user

The first syntax line above is for changing the password for your password-list file. The second syntax line above is for changing your password on a Windows NT or LAN Manager server or domain.
NET PRINT Displays information about print queues and controls print jobs.

NET PRINT \\computer[\printer] | port [/YES] NET PRINT \\computer | port [job# [/PAUSE | /RESUME | /DELETE]] [/YES]
computer Specifies the name of the computer whose print queue you want information about. Specifies the name of the printer you want information about. Specifies the name of the parallel (LPT) port on your computer that is connected to the printer you want information about. Specifies the number assigned to a queued print job. You can specify the below options. Pauses a print job. Restarts a print job that has been paused. Cancels a print job. Carries out the NET PRINT command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions. vslifehacker@gmail.com

printer

port

job#

/PAUSE /RESUME /DELETE /YES

When you specify the name of a computer by using the NET PRINT command, you receive information about the print queues on each of the shared printers that are connected to the computer.

NET SEND

NET SEND {name | * | /DOMAIN[:name] | /USERS} message

Sends messages to other users, computers, or messaging names on the network. The Messenger service must be running to receive messages. You can send a message only to an name that is active on the network. If the message is sent to a username, that user must be logged on and running the Messenger service to receive the message.
name Is the username, computername, or messaging name to send the message to. If the name is a computername that contains blank characters, enclose the alias in quotation marks (" "). Sends the message to all the names in your group.

/DOMAIN[:name]Sends the message to all the names in the workstation domain. If name is specified, the message is sent to all the names in the specified domain or workgroup. /USERS message NET SHARE Sends the message to all users connected to the server. Is text to be sent as a message.

NET SHARE sharename sharename=drive:path [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED] [/REMARK:"text"] [/CACHE:Manual | Automatic | No ] [/USERS:number | /UNLIMITED] [/REMARK:"text"] [/CACHE:Manual | Automatic | No ]

sharename

{sharename | devicename | drive:path} /DELETE NET START Starts services. NOTE: Services cannot be started from a command prompt within Windows.

NET START [BASIC | NWREDIR | WORKSTATION | NETBIND | NETBEUI | NWLINK] [/LIST] [/YES] [/VERBOSE]
BASIC NWREDIR WORKSTATION Starts the basic redirector. Starts the Microsoft Novell(R) compatible redirector. Starts the default redirector.

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NETBIND NETBEUI NWLINK /LIST /YES

Binds protocols and network-adapter drivers. Starts the NetBIOS interface. Starts the IPX/SPX-compatible interface. Displays a list of the services that are running. Carries out the NET START command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions. Displays information about device drivers and services as they are loaded.

/VERBOSE

To start the workgroup redirector you selected during Setup, type NET START without options. In general, you don't need to use any of the options.
NET STOP Stops services. NOTE: Services cannot be stopped from a command prompt within Windows. NET STOP [BASIC | NWREDIR | WORKSTATION | NETBEUI | NWLINK] [/YES] NET STOP BASIC NWREDIR WORKSTATION NETBEUI NWLINK /YES Stops the basic redirector. Stops the basic redirector. Stops the Microsoft Novell(R) compatible redirector. Stops the default redirector. Stops the NetBIOS interface. Stops the IPX/SPX compatible interface. Carries out the NET STOP command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions. vslifehacker@gmail.com

To stop the workgroup redirector, type NET STOP without options. This breaks all your connections to shared resources and removes the NET commands from your computer's memory.
NET TIME Displays the time on or synchronizes your computer's clock with the shared clock on a Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, Windows 95, or NetWare time server.

NET TIME [\\computer | /WORKGROUP:wgname] [/SET] [/YES]

computer Specifies the name of the computer (time server) whose

time you want to check or synchronize your computer's clock with. /WORKGROUP Specifies that you want to use the clock on a computer (time server) in another workgroup. Specifies the name of the workgroup containing a computer whose clock you want to check or synchronize your computer's clock with. If there are multiple time servers in that workgroup, NET TIME uses the first one it finds. Synchronizes your computer's clock with the clock on the computer or workgroup you specify. Carries out the NET TIME command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

wgname

/SET

/YES

NET USE

Connects or disconnects your computer from a shared resource or displays information about your connections.

NET USE [drive: | *] [\\computer\directory [password | ?]] [/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO] NET USE [port:] [\\computer\printer [password | ?]] [/SAVEPW:NO] [/YES] [/NO] NET USE drive: | \\computer\directory /DELETE [/YES] NET USE port: | \\computer\printer /DELETE [/YES] NET USE * /DELETE [/YES] NET USE drive: | * /HOME
drive * Specifies the drive letter you assign to a shared directory. Specifies the next available drive letter. If used with /DELETE, specifies to disconnect all of your connections. Specifies the parallel (LPT) port name you assign to a shared printer. Specifies the name of the computer sharing the resource. Specifies the name of the shared directory. Specifies the name of the shared printer. Specifies the password for the shared resource, if any. Specifies that you want to be prompted for the password vslifehacker@gmail.com

port

computer directory printer password ?

of the shared resource. You don't need to use this option unless the password is optional. /SAVEPW:NO Specifies that the password you type should not be saved in your password-list file. You need to retype the password the next time you connect to this resource. Carries out the NET USE command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions. Breaks the specified connection to a shared resource. Carries out the NET USE command, responding with NO automatically when you are prompted to confirm actions. Makes a connection to your HOME directory if one is specified in your LAN Manager or Windows NT user account.

/YES

/DELETE

/NO

/HOME

To list all of your connections, type NET USE without options.

NET VER Displays the type and version number of the workgroup redirector you are using.

NET VER
NET VIEW Displays a list of computers in a specified workgroup or the shared resources available on a specified computer.

NET VIEW [\\computer] [/YES] NET VIEW [/WORKGROUP:wgname] [/YES]

computer Specifies the name of the computer whose shared resources you want to see listed. vslifehacker@gmail.com Specifies that you want to view the names of the computers in another workgroup that share resources. Specifies the name of the workgroup whose computer names you want to view. Carries out the NET VIEW command without first prompting you to provide information or confirm actions.

/WORKGROUP

wgname

/YES

To display a list of computers in your workgroup that share resources, type NET VIEW without options.

Examples net use z: \\computer\folder Map the Z: drive to the network path //computer/folder. net send mrhope "There is hope!" Send a text message to the computer with a host name of mrhope the message There is hope!. Note: This command only works for Windows versions that support this command. Note: Many computers today have also disabled the messenger service, if this service is disabled you will be unable to send/receive net send messages. Additional information about how this service is disabled can be found on document CH0000519. If you need this service enabled, follow the instructions on this page and choose to enable the service instead of disabling it. net send * "There is hope!" The above command would send There is hope! to all users in your current domain. This command should be used with caution since if you're on a school or work network many of the computers on that network if not all well be sent a message if the messenger service is enabled on the computers. net config workstation Display additional information about the network such as the computers name, workgroup, logon domain, DNS, and other useful information. net view \\hope View the available computers and their shared resources you may use either of the below commands. The first example displays available computers. The last command would display the shared resources on the hope computer. net localgroup
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Display all groups currently setup on the computer you're running the command on. net share Display all network shares on your computer. net share hope=c:\hope\files Create a share called "hope" for the "c:\hope\files" directory.

Microsoft DOS netstat command

About netstat The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information. Availability The netstat.exe command is an external command available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows NT Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax NETSTAT [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p proto] [-r] [interval]

-a -e -n -p

Displays all connections and listening ports. Displays Ethernet statistics. This may be combined with the -s option. Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. proto Shows connections for the protocol specified by proto; proto may be TCP or UDP. If used with the -s option to display per-protocol statistics, proto may be TCP, UDP, or IP. Displays the routing table. Displays per-protocol statistics. By default, statistics are shown for TCP, UDP and IP; the -p option may be used to specify a subset of the default. Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display. Press CTRL+C to stop redisplaying statistics. If omitted, netstat will print the current configuration information once.

-r -s

interval

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Examples Keep in mind that if you have network applications open, such as the Internet browser you're using to view this page, additional items will be listed when you run "netstat" and the "netstat -a" command. So you may see items from Computer Hope in your list. If you want a true listing of background Internet connections, close all programs and run the command. Finally, it is also normal to see one or more 0.0.0.0 and 127.0.0.1 addresses. netstat Displays all local network information. Below is an example of what may be displayed.
Proto Local Address TCP TCP TCP hope:4409 hope:3708 hope:4750 Foreign Address www.computerhope.com:telnet multicity.com:80 www.google.com:80 State ESTABLISHED CLOSE_WAIT CLOSE_WAIT

netstat -an Displays all connections on the computers in numerical format, only displaying the local and foreign IP addresses. netstat 5 Running netstat with a number after the command will continue to run the command until stopped. In this case netstat would be refreshed ever five seconds. To cancel press CTRL + C.

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Microsoft DOS nslookup command

About nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network. Users who are using earlier versions of Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows ME and need the options available with the nslookup command will need to download an alternative, third-party program. Availability The nslookup.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows 7 Syntax Commands: (identifiers are shown in uppercase, [] means optional)
NAME NAME1 NAME2 help or ? set OPTION print info about the host/domain NAME using default server as above, but use NAME2 as server print info on common commands set an option all [no]debug [no]d2 [no]defname [no]recurse [no]search [no]vc print options, current server and host vslifehacker@gmail.com print debugging information print exhaustive debugging information append domain name to each query ask for recursive answer to query use domain search list always use a virtual circuit

domain=NAME

set default domain name to NAME

srchlist=N1[/N2/.../N6]set domain to N1 and search list to N1,N2, etc. root=NAME retry=X timeout=X type=X querytype=X class=X [no]msxfr ixfrver=X server NAME lserver NAME finger [USER] root ls [opt] DOMAIN [> FILE] set root server to NAME set number of retries to X set initial time-out interval to X seconds set query type (ex. A,ANY,CNAME,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,SRV) same as type set query class (ex. IN (Internet), ANY) use MS fast zone transfer current version to use in IXFR transfer request

set default server to NAME, using current default server set default server to NAME, using initial server finger the optional NAME at the current default host set current default server to the root list addresses in DOMAIN (optional: output to FILE) -a -d list canonical names and aliases list all records

-t TYPE list records of the given type (e.g. A,CNAME,MX,NS,PTR etc.) view FILE exit sort an 'ls' output file and view it with pg exit the program vslifehacker@gmail.com

Examples This command is often used to perform a reverse lookup on an IP address as shown in the below example. The first section specifies the server and address of that server that provided you with the domain name and IP address displayed in the second section.

nslookup 204.228.150.3 Server: ns.computerhope.com Address: 1.1.1.1 Name: www.computerhope.com Address: 204.228.150.3 nslookup Running nslookup without specifying an IP address or domain name will display your routers server and address. To get out of the > prompt type exit and press enter.

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Microsoft DOS route command

About route Command to manually configure the routes in the routing table. Availability The route.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax ROUTE [-f] [-p] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric] [IF interface]

-f

Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved when the system is restarted. When used with the PRINT command, displays the list of registered persistent routes. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported Windows'95. command One of these: vslifehacker@gmail.com

-p

command

PRINT Prints a route ADD Adds a route DELETE Deletes a route CHANGE Modifies an existing route destination
destination Specifies the host. MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.

netmask

Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry. If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255. Specifies gateway. the interface number for the specified route. Specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.

gateway interface METRIC

All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name database file HOSTS. If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard, (wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted. If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string, and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*. Diagnostic Notes: Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST. Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1 The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid. (Destination & Mask) != Destination. Examples Examples: > route PRINT
IF 2 >route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 ^destination ^mask ^gateway ^metric ^Interface vslifehacker@gmail.com

If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given gateway. > route PRINT > route PRINT 157* .... Only prints those matching 157* > route DELETE 157.0.0.0 > route PRINT One way to use this would be as follows: You can't ping the server that you are connecting to, but you know the ip address to be 127.16.16.10

>route PRINT Interface List 0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface 0x2 ...00 14 a4 c3 44 20 ...... Xircom CardBus Ethernet 10/100 Adapter 0x3 ...00 b0 d0 43 55 a5 ...... 3Com EtherLink PCI 0x4 ...00 01 b0 8f 8f 80 ...... NdisWan Adapter Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2 192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 ** notice that no gateway for the current ip goes to 255.255.255.0, so it must be added. Now do the below command. >route ADD 127.16.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 <your current ip from winntcfg or winipcfg> METRIC 1 **Then do the below command: >route print Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 127.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 ** 127.16.0.0 255.255.255.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 127.16.8.14 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 2 192.168.50.65 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1 192.168.50.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 127.16.8.14 127.16.8.14 1 224.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.50.65 192.168.50.65 1 **Notice the ** ip address gives me the default gateway.

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Microsoft DOS tracert command

About tracert The tracert command is used to visually see a network packet being sent and received and the amount of hops required for that packet to get to its destination. Users with Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP who need additional information network latency and network loss should also consider using the pathping command. Availability The tracert.exe command is an external command that is available in the below Microsoft operating systems. MS-DOS 6.2 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 7 Syntax
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.

-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target. -j host-list -w timeout Loose source route along host-list. Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply. vslifehacker@gmail.com

Examples Below is an example when we used tracert on www.computerhope.com. As you can see in the below example, we had a very short list and time to get to its destination because of the location we are.

tracert computerhope.com
1169 ms190 ms160 msslc1-tc.xmission.com [166.70.1.20] 2159 ms160 ms190 mscisco0-tc.xmission.com [166.70.1.1] 3165 ms189 ms159 mswww.computerhope.com [166.70.10.23]

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Winipcfg command
About winipcfg The winipcfg command allows a user to Click here related information such as the IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, DHCP Server, WINS Server, etc. Availability The winipcfg program is available in: Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 and Windows XP do not utilize this command. Users using these operating systems will need to use the ipconfig command instead. Information To run the program, click Start / Run and type "winipcfg" in the run line. This should open the winipcfg window similar to the below picture.

If more than one adapter is present in the computer, use the drop down window to see the other adapters' information. In the above information, we are displaying the PPP adapter's information, which would be the Dialup or Modem Internet connection information. If you were currently connected on the Internet, you should have a value other than 0.0.0.0 for the IP address. Clicking More Info will display all of the available network related information. Below is an example of what is displayed when clicking the More Info button and changing our adapter to our Network adapter.

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As illustrated in the above picture, you can clearly see that displaying more info will allow you to display much more valuable information about the network. In the above example, we are displaying the 3Com 3C90x Ethernet Adapter on our Network Adapter card. As seen, we can verify the IP address of the network card as well as any other pertinent information about the network adapter.

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