Working principle of four stroke petrol engine Power produced in four stroke of piston and two rotation of crank

shaft Petrol engine using air and fuel It has 4 strokes

Suction stroke Suction valve in open condition, delivery valve in close condition Piston moves from TDC (Top dead center) to BDC (Bottom dead center) Crank shaft will rotate for half rotation Air and fuel comes into the cylinder

Compression stroke Suction and delivery valve both will be in close condition Piston moves from BDC to TDC So, The pressure and temperature of the air fuel mixture is getting increased Crank shaft will complete the first rotation

Power stroke Suction and delivery valve both will be in close condition At the end of compression stroke, spark plug produces spark Air fuel mixture burns inside the cylinder This process is known as combustion process The force acting on the piston. So, piston moves from TDC to BDC Crank shaft rotates half rotation

Exhaust stroke Suction valve in close condition and delivery valve in open condition Piston moves from BDC to TDC The used fuel (air fuel mixture) is delivered into atmosphere The crank shaft completes the two rotation

WORKING PRINCIPLE FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE Suction Suction valve in open condition, delivery valve in close condition Piston moves from TDC (Top dead center) to BDC (Bottom dead center) Crank shaft will rotate for half rotation Air comes into the cylinder

Compression

Power Exhaust -

Suction and delivery valve both will be in close condition Piston moves from BDC to TDC So, The pressure and temperature of the air is getting increased Crank shaft will complete the first rotation Compression ratio 1:16

Suction and delivery valve both will be in close condition At the end of compression stroke, injector sprays the diesel in the form of fine particle Diesel burns inside the cylinder. When, it is mixed with air. This process is known as combustion process The force acting on the piston. So, piston moves from TDC to BDC Crank shaft rotates half rotation

Suction valve in close condition and delivery valve in open condition Piston moves from BDC to TDC The used fuel (air fuel mixture) is delivered into atmosphere The crank shaft completes the two rotation

Nuclear power plant Components involved in nuclear power plant a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Nuclear reactor core Moderator Reflector Control rod Fuel rod Heat exchanger Condenser Turbine

Nuclear reactor core The fission process takes place inside of the reactor core It has no of containment (shielding) Its protect the human & environment from radiation

Moderator Moderator used to slow down the neutrons

Reflector

Reflector used to prevent the neutron from escaping

Control rod Control rod used to control the chain reaction Every 2 seconds its inserts into the reactor core It covers the fuel rod and not allowing the neutrons to splits the uranium fuel

Fuel rod Uranium 235 used as a fuel Its converted into small capsules and placed into fuel pellet Fuel pellet is located in reactor core

Working principle Fission process means the uranium 235 atom is split into two tiny particles High heat energy is produced during the fission process This heat is transferred into coolant Then, the heat is transferred from coolant to water This process takes place inside of the heat exchanger Then the water is converted into steam This high pressure steam hits the turbine blades and rotates The turbine coupled with the generator Generator receives mechanical energy and convert into electrical energy After that, the steam is again change from gas status to liquid in condenser this process is called as condensation. Again the water is recycled into power plant.