ABSTRACT

Quadrature Phase Shift keying is a type of digital modulation technique where the phase of the carrier wave is modulated to encode bits of digital information in phase change. QPSK refers to Phase shift Keying with four states . The Quad in QPSK refers to four phases in which the carrier is sent in QPSK, 45, 135, 225 & 315 degrees. In QPSK coding QPSK is able to encode 2 bits per symbol. In this project , we use temperature as data that is sent using QPSK technique. The temperature is sensed and converted to serial digital data. The temperature is displayed on LCD at the receiver.

INTRODUCTION Quadrature phase shift keying: QPSK is pass band transmission technique which provide advantage of less Bandwidth. In QPSK the phase of carrier is switched from one phase to other depending on digital input, which is a combination of two bits.

Binary data bits are grouped into chunks and each chunk is mapped to a particular waveform called a symbol which is sent across the channel after modulation by the carrier. This requires having a separate symbol for each possible combination of data chunks. In QPSK, each chunk consists of two bits, which determine the in phase and quadrature gain for the modulator. To produce a unique waveform for each two bit chunk, we keep the gains constant over a number of samples which is called the symbol period. To transmit two bits per symbol period, QPSK uses orthogonal waveforms (sine and cosine) referred to as the quadrature signals. The data to be transmitted on the inphase is modulated with the cosine wave, while the quadrature phase data is modulated with the sine wave. Due to the orthogonality of the sine and cosine basis functions, the data on the inphase and quadrature phase can be independently recovered at the receiver.

LCD

Temperature sensor

Microcontroller

Parallel To Serial Converter/Encoder

NRZ Converter

Even And Odd separator

Even

Multiplier

Cosine
Quadrature Oscillator

Adder

Sine Odd
Multiplier

Antenna