History 12- Terms to Identify (p. 137-142 Keylor) Germany on the Rise 1.

Germany Officially Announces Rearmament (March, 1935) a. Had begun 15 years ago under Gen. Von Seeckt b. Included i. A well-disguised general staff in various bureaucracies ii. An officer corps hidden in police units iii. Paramilitary groups iv. Veterans associations v. Rifle clubs vi. An air force based on commercial pilots 2. Ruhr Valley, Germany a. Home to munitions plants that were moved back from Russia b. Churned out airplanes, tanks, artillery, guns, etc. 3. Allied Inability to Enforce German Disarmament (Late 20s-Early 30s) a. Allied inspection teams left in 1927 and Ruhr occupation ended in 1930 b. UK and US demobilized their armies in the 1920s already, dismantled their weapons factories and accepted naval limitations 4. Locarno Treaty (1925) a. To secure post-war territorial settlements and normalize relations with Weimar Republic b. 2 categories of borders: East and West c. Western states had borders guaranteed d. Eastern borders between Germany and Poland were set but had the option of being revised later 5. Geneva Disarmament Conference (1926) a. Followed the Locarno Treatys attempt to rebuild peace b. A commission studied how to reduce armament levels throughout the world c. France continually voiced its suspicions about Germanys good intentions to disarm d. Ended in 1931 with nothing to show 6. Geneva Disarmament Conference (1932) a. Great Depression and continued suspicion of German rearmament called for another meeting to reach an actual agreement b. Germany demanded universal disarmament as per Treaty of Versailles or equal level of weapons between Germany and other world powers c. France and Germany abandoned the negotiations 7. German Position on Rearmament (1932) a. Demanded either universal disarmament with all powers in accordance with Treaty of Versailles or be given the same level of weapons as the other powers 8. French Position on German Rearmament (1932)a. No, no, no! None at all!

9. Geneva Disarmament Conference (1933) a. Britain and France promised an equal system b. Germany demanded equal level of arms with all other powers 10. Reasons for German Rearmament (1933) a. Would stimulate employment and industrial production b. To regain military superiority 11. Malthusian Curse a. Germany did not have enough arable land to support its population growth 12. German Policy of Lebensraum a. Literally living space b. Eastern Germany and Western Russia: expel or subdue all non-Germans to make way for German settlement 13. Reasons for Germanys Focus on Eastern Europe and western Russia a. Had the land and resources to sustain Germanys growth 14. Slavs and Jews a. They occupied the lands Hitler wanted b. Targeted for elimination 15. Reasons for Rapprochement Between Germany and Italy (1933) a. Fascist solidarity b. Common distaste for French colonialism and naval influence 16. German Foreign Policy Goals (Pre-Hitler Era) a. Recovery of lost territories b. Annexation of German-speaking regions based on national self-determination c. Restoration of military power 17. Hitlers Foreign Policy Goals a. Same as before but didnt really care for German-speaking peoples outside of Germany b. He used their agitation as a pretext to grabbing more land 18. British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonalds Compromise Plan (1933) a. All armies at 200,000 men b. Frances army will be decreased in increments over 5 years until on par with other countries 19. Germanys Rejection of MacDonalds Compromise Plan (1933) a. Demanded the right to construct restricted weapons and increase size of military 20. Global Security Concerns (Japan, 1931 and Germany, 1933) a. Hitler withdrew from LoN, quite the disarmament conference and dissolved the Reichstag b. A German referendum showed a 90% approval rating c. France could no longer pressure Germany through world opinion 21. German-Polish Nonaggression Pact (1934) a. Obliterates Frances system of defensive alliances b. Relieves some political pressure on Hitler and gives him time to get ready for war c. Poland gets access to German resources and Hitler quiets Danzig