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Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.

1, 2011

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A New Computational Methodology to Find Appropriate Solutions of Fuzzy Equations


Shapla Shirin * Goutam Kumar Saha Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, PO box 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh * E-mail of the corresponding author: shapla@univdhaka.edu Abstract In this paper, a new computational methodology to get an appropriate solution of a fuzzy equation of the form , where , are known continuous triangular fuzzy numbers and is an unknown fuzzy number, are presented. In support of that some propositions with proofs and theorems are presented. A different approach of the definition of positive fuzzy number and negative fuzzy number have been focused. Also, the concept of half-positive and half-negative fuzzy number has been introduced. The solution of the fuzzy equation can be positive fuzzy number or negative fuzzy number or half positive or half negative fuzzy number which is computed by using the methodology focused in the proposed propositions. Keywords: Fuzzy number, Fuzzy equation, Positive fuzzy number, Negative fuzzy number, half positive and half negative fuzzy number, of a fuzzy number.

1. Introduction
In most cases in our life, the data obtained for decision making are only approximately known. The concept of fuzzy set theory to meet those problems have been introduced [11]. The fuzziness of a property lies in the lack of well defined boundaries [i.e., ill-defined boundaries] of the set of objects, to which this property applies. Therefore, the membership grade is essential to define the fuzzy set theory. The notion of fuzzy numbers has been introduced from the idea of real numbers [4] as a fuzzy subset of the real line. There are arithmetic operations, which are similar to those of the set of real numbers, such that +, , . , /, on fuzzy numbers [6 8]. Fuzzy numbers allow us to make the mathematical model of linguistic variable or fuzzy environment, and are also used to describe the data with vagueness and imprecision. The definition of positive fuzzy number and negative fuzzy number have been introduced [5, 9]. The shortcoming of the definitions [5] has been focused [10] and the concept of nonnegative fuzzy numbers has been introduced [10] as well. None has introduced the notion of half-positive and half-negative fuzzy number. In this paper, a different approach of the definitions of positive fuzzy number and negative fuzzy number have been focused; and a new notion of half-positive and half-negative fuzzy number has been introduced. There are another notion in the fuzzy set theory is the concept of the solution of fuzzy equations [8] of the form and , which have been discussed in [1 3, 8]. It is easy to solve the fuzzy equation of the form , where , are known fuzzy numbers and is an unknown fuzzy number [8], but there are some limitations to solve the fuzzy equation of the form , where is an unknown fuzzy number. Our main objective is to introduce a new computational methodology to overcome the limitations to get a solution, if it exists, of the fuzzy equation of the form where and are known continuous triangular fuzzy numbers. Here it is noted that the core of a known continuous triangular fuzzy number is a singleton set. 2. Preliminaries In this section, some definitions [1 11] have been reviewed which are important to us for representing

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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our main objective in the later sections. Let fuzzy number whose membership function is 2.1 Definition : The , 2.2 Definition : The strong defined by of a fuzzy set . ,

be the set of all fuzzy numbers and . is denoted by is denoted by

means that

is a

and is defined by and is and is defined by , s.t . ,

of a fuzzy set .

2.3 Definition : The support of a fuzzy set . 2.4 Definition : A fuzzy set

is denoted by

is normal if there exist

2.5 Definition : A fuzzy number is a fuzzy set, whose membership function is denoted by which satisfies the conditions as under : (a) is normal fuzzy set; (b) is a closed interval ; (c) support of , i.e., is a bounded set in the classical sense. That is, a fuzzy number satisfies the condition of normality and convexity. 2.6 Definition [5] : A fuzzy number membership function satisfies 2.7 Definition [10] : A fuzzy number satisfies . is called positive (negative), denoted by . is called positive, denoted by (

), if its

, if its membership function , if its membership

2.8 Definition [10] : A fuzzy number is called nonnegative, denoted by function satisfies . 3. Existence of a Solution of a Fuzzy Equation

Consider the fuzzy equation , where , are known fuzzy numbers and is an unknown fuzzy number. If , and are of , and , respectively, then the fuzzy equation has a solution if and only if the equation (A) has a solution Condition 1: Condition 2 : If then and satisfies the following conditions [8] : . (B) (C)

4. New Proposed Definitions Here we have introduced some definitions which will help us to solve the fuzzy equation of the form , where , are known continuous fuzzy numbers and is an unknown fuzzy number. The definitions are as follows and will be used in the next section. 4.1 Definition : A triangular fuzzy number there exist where , and 4.2 Example : is a negative fuzzy number which is defined by is called negative, denoted by ), , . , if such that

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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( )= where .

, , and , if such that . there

4.3 Definition : A triangular fuzzy number is called positive, denoted by exist where ), , , and 4.4 Example : is a positive fuzzy number which is defined by ( )= where . 4.5 Definition [Half positive and half negative] : A triangular fuzzy number half-negative, denoted by , if there exist ), , such that , and 4.6 Example : , , and

is called half-positive and where .

is a half-positive and half-negative fuzzy number which is defined by

( )= where and .

Figure 1 represents the fuzzy numbers which are given in examples 4.2, 4.4, and 4.6. 5. Problems, Discussions, and Results In this section, we have proposed some propositions with their proofs, which will help us to solve the fuzzy equation without any difficulties and within a reasonable time. We have also established related theorems. In support of that some problems and their solutions have also been investigated. 5.1 Proposition : If are known fuzzy numbers and is any unknown fuzzy number, then the solution of the fuzzy equation is a positive fuzzy number. Proof : Given that Now, via Then, is true if each is a positive fuzzy number. 5.2 Problem : Suppose that and are two triangular negative continuous fuzzy numbers, where and the fuzzy equation , where representation, we have, = and . That is, such that ( )] is positive. Hence, the solution . Then, and . , ( )] of the fuzzy equation and and .

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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= Solve the fuzzy equation where and

for the unknown fuzzy number , the unknown fuzzy number. Here, . Now, we solve the following equation for (2)

Solution : Given the fuzzy equation and the unknown i.e., Since , ,

are known negative fuzzy numbers and

, we choose three cases for unknown fuzzy number : . . Then, , where . .

Case (i) : Consider Therefore,

So, and (C) , it is a solution of equation (2) and hence, whose membership function is as follows :

. Since satisfies (A), (B) is the solution of the fuzzy equation (1)

. The graphical representation of lines. Case (ii) : Consider So, equation (A) for Case (iii) : Suppose that where equation (A) for . So, for the case , and are shown in Figure 2 where the graph of , where is not a solution of (1). Then, . Now, we have , , and it does not satisfy the is not a solution of (1). , is shown by dashed . , and it does not satisfy the . Therefore,

. Then,

5.3 Proposition : If are known fuzzy numbers and is any unknown fuzzy number, then the solution of the fuzzy equation is a positive fuzzy number. Proof : Given that and the fuzzy equation , where Now, via representation, we have such that , That is, is positive. Hence, the solution fuzzy number. 5.4 Problem : Suppose that . Then, and . Then, and and . is true only if each of the fuzzy equation is a positive and .

are two triangular fuzzy numbers, where

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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; Show that the solution of the fuzzy equation Solution : Given the fuzzy equation where unknown Since , and , . , we choose three cases for unknown fuzzy number : . and . the unknown fuzzy number. Here, are known positive fuzzy numbers and is a positive fuzzy number .

. Now, we solve the following equation for the

Case (i) : Suppose that . Then, . Since satisfies (A), (B) and (C) , it is a solution of equation (2) and hence, is the solution of the fuzzy equation (1) whose membership function is as follows : . The graphical representation of lines. , and are shown in Figure 3 where the graph of is shown by dashed satisfies is not

Case (ii) : Suppose that . Then, the conditions (B) and (C). and does not satisfy the equation (A) for a solution of (1).

. Here, . So, for the case

Case (iii) : Suppose that Then, satisfies the conditions (B) and (C), but does not satisfy the equation (A) for , is not a solution of (1). 5.5 Proposition : If and the solution of the fuzzy equation Proof : Given that where representation, we have , either (i) or (ii) That is, each negative fuzzy number. 5.6 Problem : Suppose that , and and . Then, and and and

. Here, . So, for the case

are known fuzzy numbers and is any unknown fuzzy number, then is a negative fuzzy number. and the fuzzy equation , . Now, via cut such that ; . . Then,

is verified only if is negative. Hence, the solution of the fuzzy equation is a

and

> 0 are two triangular fuzzy numbers, where

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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= is a negative fuzzy number. . ]. Since .

Then, show that the solution of the fuzzy equation Solution : Given that That is, We have = [ ] and choose three cases for unknown fuzzy number : = [ and the fuzzy equation

(1) (2) , so we . Here, . So, for the case . Here,

Case (i) : Suppose that . Then, satisfies the conditions (B) and (C), but does not satisfy the equation (A) for , is not a solution of (1). Case (ii) : Suppose that . Then, satisfies the conditions (A), (B) and (C) Therefore, is the solution of the fuzzy equation .

is a solution of (2) and hence . The membership function is as follows : .

The graphical representation of lines. Case (iii) : Suppose that Here, (2).

and are shown in Figure 4 where the graph of . Then, . So, for the case ,

is shown by dashed . is not a solution of

does not satisfy the equation (A) for

5.7 Proposition : If and , a half positive and half negative, are known fuzzy numbers and is any unknown fuzzy number, then the solution of the fuzzy equation is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number. Proof : Given that , is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number, and the fuzzy equation , where is an unknown fuzzy number. Then, = ( )] and Now, via Then, , Which implies that solution of corresponding fuzzy number . 5.8 Problem : Suppose that numbers, where and , where representation, we have and and . Therefore, and . such that . .

is the , that is, the , which is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number, is the solution of

and

, a half positive and half negative, are two triangular fuzzy

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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= Prove that the solution of the fuzzy equation Solution : Given the fuzzy equation That is,

is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number. (1) (2) . Here, . So, for the case . Here, . So, for the case . Here, . is a

Case (i) : Suppose that . Then, satisfies the conditions (B) and (C), but does not satisfy the equation (A) for , is not a solution of (1). Case (ii) : Suppose that . Then, satisfies the conditions (B) and (C), but does not satisfy the equation (A) for , is not a solution of (1) too. Case (iii) : Suppose that . Then, satisfies the conditions (A), (B) and (C) Therefore, solution of the fuzzy equation

is a solution of (2) and hence . The membership function is as follows : .

So, for the case , is the solution of the fuzzy equation . The graphical representation of , and are shown in Figure 5 where the graph of is shown by dashed lines. 5.9 Proposition : If and , a half positive and half negative fuzzy number, are known fuzzy number and is any unknown fuzzy number, then than the solution of the fuzzy equation is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number. Proof : The proof is similar to Proposition.5.7. 5.10 Problem : Let = Then, the solution of the fuzzy equation where and , a half positive and half negative be two triangular fuzzy numbers, where ; = .

is a half positive and half negative fuzzy number ,

The graphical representation of lines.

and are shown in Figure 6, where the graph of

is shown by dashed

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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6. Conclusion In this paper we have established a new methodology to overcome the discussed shortcomings or limitations of the method [8] of the solutions of a fuzzy equation of the form , where , are known positive or negative continuous fuzzy numbers and is an unknown fuzzy number. For this reason, different approaches of the definitions of positive fuzzy number and negative fuzzy number have been introduced. A new notion of half positive and half negative fuzzy number has also been innovated. Some propositions with their proofs and some related problems with their solutions have been discussed. The propositions will help to assume the sign of unknown fuzzy number of the fuzzy equation for which we will be able to get a solution of the fuzzy equation easily. After that, some related theorems are presented. There is none who has discussed these notions yet. Without this notion it is very difficult to solve a fuzzy equation of the form discussed above. References [1] Bhiwani, R. J., & Patre, B. M., (2009), Solving First Order Fuzzy Equations : A Modal Interval Approach, IEEE Computer Society, Conference paper. [2] Buckley, J. J., & Qu, Y., (1990), Solving linear and quadratic fuzzy equations, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 38, pp. 43 59. [3] Buckley, J. J., Eslami, E. & Hayashi, Y. , (1997), Solving fuzzy equation using neural nets, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 271 278. [4] Dubois, D., & Prade H., (1978), Operations on Fuzzy Numbers, Internet. J. Systems Science, 9(6), pp. 13 626. [5] Dubois, D., & Prade H., (1980), Fuzzy sets and systems: Theory and applications, Academic Press, New York, p. 40. [6] Gaichetti, R. E. & Young, R. E., (1997), A parametric representation of fuzzy numbers and their arithmetic operators, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Vol. 91, No. 2, pp. 185 202. [7] Kaufmann, A., & Gupta, M. M., (1985), Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Applications, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., pp. 1 43. [8] Klir, G. J., & Yuan, B., (1997), Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic Theory and Applications, PrenticeHall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, pp. 1 117. [9] Dehghan, M., Hashemi, B., & Ghattee, M., (2006), Computational methods for solving fully fuzzy linear systems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 176, pp. 328343. [10] Nasseri, H., (2008), Fuzzy Numbers : Positive and Nonnegative , International Mathematical Forum, 3, No. 36, pp. 1777 1780. [11] Zadeh, L. A., (1965), Fuzzy Sets, Information and Control, 8(3), pp. 338 353.

Shapla Shirin The author has born on 16th January, 1963, in Bangladesh. She obtained her M.Sc degree in Pure Mathematics from the University of Dhaka in the year 1984. In 1996 she also received M. S. Degree (in Fuzzy Set Theory) from La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Her main topic of interest is Fuzzy Set Theory and its applications. The author is an Associate Professor of Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. She is a member of Bangladesh Mathematical Society.

Goutam Kumar Saha The author has born on 14th October, 1985, in Bangladesh. He is a student of M.S. (Applied Mathematics), Department of Mathematics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. His area of interest is Fuzzy Set Theory.

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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Membership 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

function

Membership 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

function

Membership 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

function

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

-1

-2

Figure 1 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers which are given in examples 4.2, 4.4, and 4.6.

Membership function 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 x -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2

Membership

function 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

-1

-0.5

0.5

Figure 2 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers

and the solution fuzzy number , respectively.

Membership function 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 2

10

Membership function 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -1 -0.5 0.5 1

1.5

Figure 3 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers


x Membership 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 x function x

and the solution fuzzy number , respectively.

-3 -2.5

-2 -1.5

Membership function 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 x -1 -0.5

Figure 4 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers

and the solution fuzzy number , respectively.

Mathematical Theory and Modeling ISSN 2224-5804 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0522 (Online) Vol.2, No.1, 2011

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x 1 0.8

x
x 1 0.8

0.6 0.4 0.2 -10 -7.5 -5 -2.5 2.5 5 x


-1 -0.5

0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 1 x

Figure 5 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers

and the solution fuzzy number , respectively.

x 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 x


-0.6 -0.4 -0.2

x 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 x

Figure 6 : Graphs of fuzzy numbers

and the solution fuzzy number , respectively.

The above tables and figures have been discussed to the relevant sections of this paper.

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